Applied Behavior Analysis is used to define the systematic methods employed for
behavior change taught in this course
Extinction is the elimination of a behavior resulting from the application of aversive
procedures.
Effective rules describe observable behaviors.
Generalized reinforcers may be exchangeable for something of value.
A prompted response is NOT under stimulus control.
It is unethical to eliminate a behavior if an individual lacks an alternative behavior to
serve that behavior’s function.
Developmental theories verify and prove that inappropriate and maladaptive behavior
can be explained by a failure to reach or pass a particular stage.
A complex behavior may be learned by reinforcing individual responses occurring in a
sequence. This instructional procedure is called antecedent prompting.
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the alone condition is to gain
positive reinforcement.
Teacher characteristics are not important in establishing an effective classroom and
instruction.
When replacing an inappropriate behavior with one that is appropriate, the new
behavior must serve the same function as the old.
Self determined contingencies and teacher determined contingencies can be equally
effective in producing behavior change.
Interval and time sampling data are reported as number or percent of total intervals
during which a behavior occurs.
Cumulative graphs always demonstrate an upward curve if any behavior at all is being
recorded.
Self-punishment is more effective that self-reinforcement.
An advantage of transferring behavior management from the teacher to the student is
that the student becomes more independent.
Behaviors that are voluntary in nature rather than reflexive are usually associated with
operant conditioning.
Functional skills are more prone to be maintained by the natural environment.
Interval recording is typically used for long observation periods.
It is unethical to exclude any student from the regular classroom regardless of its
positive or negative effects.
In mediating generalization, students are taught to monitor and report their own
generalization of appropriate behavior.
Token reinforcement systems require two components: tokens and back up reinforcers.
A reinforcer that has been associated with a variety of behaviors or with access to a
variety of other reinforcers is known as an activity reinforcer.
Stimulus control is the term used by applied behavior analysts to describe bringing
behavior under control of time, place, and circumstances.
On a cumulative graph, data points are plotted at the appropriate intersections without
regard to performance during the previous session.
With the changing criterion design, a functional relation is demonstrated if the
individual’s performance level occasionally matches the continually changing criterion
for performance.
At Bloom’s learning level of analysis, the student should demonstrate the ability to
bring parts together resulting in a different, original, or creative whole.
A multiple baseline design is appropriate to use when the target behavior calls for
immediate action.
A student is told that she has to sit and watch for minutes due to acting inappropriately.
This is an example of nonexclusionary time-out.
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the demand condition is negative
reinforcement.
Gestalt psychology’s emphasizes humans imposing structure on their environment and
seeing relationships rather than individual objects or events as separate entities.
Under the play condition of behavior, instances of inappropriate behavior is minimal or
nonexistent for a student.
Providing oneself with verbal prompts is called self instruction.
Token reinforcement systems allow a student to become accustomed to delayed
gratification.
Negative reinforcement is the contingent removal of some unpleasant stimulus that
increases behavior.
A traffic ticket for speeding is an example of an independent variable.
One way of using visual inspection for evaluating single subject designs is by looking
at the means of the data phases.
It is not ethical to assure parents that if a procedure is used, their child will no longer
require placement in a special class.
The characteristic by which behavior continues for an indeterminate amount of time
once reinforcement is withheld is known as:
a. resistance to extinction
b. orneriness
c. behavioral continuity
d. all of the above
In ____________, students compare their work against some standard of performance.
a. self-recording
b. self-evaluation
c. self-reinforcement
d. self-instruction
A primary consideration that guides teachers in designing a program to change a
student’s behavior is:
a. proven effectiveness of a technique
b. administrative desires
c. availability of materials
d. student’s mental age
The best person to manage a student’s behavior is:
a. The teacher
b. The student
c. A school administrator
d. A peer
To qualify as a behavior, something must be:
a. observable
b. quantifiable
c. a and b
d. none of the above
A procedure described as the use of differential reinforcement of successive
approximations of a target behavior is called:
a. modeling
b. fading
c. chaining
d. shaping
In an attempt to keep ahead with his paperwork, Mr. Martin goes ahead and writes
Frankie’s IEP goals, objectives, and behavior management plan for the next year before
the IEP meeting. Which ethical rule is Mr. Martin ignoring?
a. The right to the most effective treatment procedures available
b. The right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfare
c. The right to treatment by a competent behavior analyst
d. The right to a therapeutic environment
Derrick, a student in Mr. Davis’ class repeatedly exhibited tantruming behavior
including, screaming, crying, and hitting. Mr. Davis’ is unsure of the cause of the
behavior. What steps should Mr. Davis take to determine the function of the behavior?
a. trial and error methods
b. conduct a functional assessment
c. ignore the behavior
d. none of the above
_________ reinforcers are natural, unlearned, or unconditioned.
a. Tertiary
b. Secondary
c. Primary
d. Variable
What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Mr. Kelly posts
the homework assignment directions on the board for his math class.
a. Modeling
b. Physical Guidance
c. Visual prompt
d. Verbal Prompt
John is sent to time-out for refusing to sit quietly during circle time. Here, the teacher is
using what level option for reducing inappropriate behaviors?
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
Information concerning a child’s brain damage:
a. can be useful in the teacher’s selection of behavior management techniques
b. helps teachers determine who should be in school and who should not
c. can cause teachers to have low expectations of students and give them excuses not to
teach
d. none of the above
The _______________ design evaluates the effectiveness of an independent variable by
demonstrating that a behavior can be incrementally increased or decreased toward a
terminal performance goal.
a. alternating treatment
b. changing condition
c. changing criterion
d. multiple baseline
During basketball practice, Coach Reeves’ team continually forgot his directive to pass
the ball at center court. For 1minutes, the coach had is players practice passing the ball
at center court. The educational procedure Coach Reeves used is called:
a. Negative practice overcorrection
b. A conditioned aversive stimulus
c. Restitutional overcorrection
d. Positive-practice overcorrection
A discriminative stimulus is represented by the symbol:
a. SR+
b. SR-
c. SD
d. none of the above
The symbol for positive reinforcement is
a. SR-
b. SR+
c. SD
d. SR
_____________ refers to repeated practice after an objective has been initially
accomplished.
a. Response Prompting
b. Fluency
c. Overlearning
d. Distributed practice
Time sampling would be the most appropriate method for recording which behavior?
a. hitting others
b. a student raising his hand
c. wandering around classroom/out-of-seat
d. answering a ringing telephone
The basic single-subject design is the
a. AB Design
b. Multiple Baseline Design
c. Reversal Design
d. Changing Criterion Design
When using time sampling the teacher notes occurrence or nonoccurrence of the
behavior:
a. any time during the interval
b. at the end of the interval
c. each time the behavior occurs within the interval
d. any of the above
What schedule of reinforcement should be used when initially using DRA with a
new behavior?
a. Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF)
b. Fixed interval: 2 (FI: 2)
c. Variable ratio: 1 (VR: 1)
d. Fixed ratio: 2 (FR: 2)
Teachers are accountable to:
a. administrative supervisors
b. parents of their students
c. the community
d. all of the above
Which is considered a proprioceptive primary reinforcer?
a. colored lights twinkling
b. the smell of cinnamon rolls baking
c. music playing softly
d. swinging in a swing
______________ are useful primarily for analysis, not for evaluation.
a. Event recording
b. Permanent product recording
c. Anecdotal reports
d. Latency recording
The experimental design that would be most appropriate for systematically increasing
the number of workbook pages completed by a student is:
a. alternating treatments design
b. changing criterion design
c. AB design
d. changing conditions design
A reactive effect is:
a. a behavior change in the desired direction simply as a result of self recording
b. an allergic reaction to a stimulus
c. a behavior change in the opposite direction
d. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of informant assessment?
a. informant’s memory
b. informant’s potential bias
c. informant’s ability to analyze behavior
d. informant’s ability to verbalize what was seen
For an explanation of behavior to have predictive utility it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. be testable
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances
Criteria for acceptable performance include statements addressing duration. Which of
the following is NOT an acceptable duration statement?
a. will complete within one hour
b. for no more than 2 weeks
c. begin within five minutes
d. will return within 15 minutes
_________ refers to any number of factors involved in research.
a. Condition
b. Intervention
c. Variable
d. Functional relationship
An example of an independent variable is:
a. numbers of minutes it takes to complete 20 math problems
b. use of a number line for addition problems
c. how long it takes a student to return from the bathroom
d. how often a student asks for teacher assistance.
When you graph the number of occurrences of a behavior in a given session after
adding it to the number of occurrences of a prior session you are employing a:
a. cumulative graph
b. bar graph
c. line graph
d. histogram
Define and give an example of modeling.
Describe the difference between a token system and a levels system.
Discuss some of the advantages and limitations to the changing conditions design.
Educational goals for individual students must be developed on the basis of evaluation
data and other factors. Briefly list 3 of these other factors.
Discuss the difference between a teaching design and a research design.
Define restitutional overcorrection and give an example.
When selecting a criterion for mastery, the teacher should consider:
a. nature of the content
b. ability of the student
c. number of learning opportunities to be provided
d. all of the above
Define and discuss response-cost procedures. What are the problems associated with
this procedure?
Describe some opportunities for teaching generalization during community-based
instruction. Provide examples.
Differentiate between rules and procedures. Provide an example of each.
List and briefly describe the components of rules that will assist in facilitating their
effectiveness.
Define negative reinforcement and explain why it works.
Discuss the reasons a functional analysis would be conducted after completing a
functional assessment.
List four factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of self instruction.
Select one self recording strategy and give an example of its use.
Mr. Garwood is going to collect data on Joe’s off task behavior through time sampling.
He has operationally defined off task as instances of talking to neighbors, doodling, and
being out of seat without permission. Mr. Garwood has decided to observe from 10:00
to 10:50 (math period), and will divide the period into five minute intervals. Construct
an appropriate coded data sheet for this observation.
Define a functional relation.