Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion
training?
a. feedback
b. modeling
c. social reinforcement
d. homework assignments
e. relaxation
Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family
constellations was heavily influenced by:
a. the power structure within the family.
b. cultural context in which a family resides.
c. balance of leadership between parents.
d. jealousy and rivalry among the children.
e. birth order.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) fictional finalism, (b) basic mistakes, (c) power analysis, (d) social interest,(e) style
of life
This approach suggests that mindfulness-based techniques are useful in stress reduction.
a. reality therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. family therapy
d. behavior therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because:
a. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes.
b. language shapes thinking and behavior.
c. language shapes feelings.
d. all of these
The client’s quality world consists of all of the following except:
a. activities that fulfill our needs.
b. images of people who enrich our lives.
c. beliefs.
d. insight.
According to Rogerian therapy, an “internal source of evaluation” is defined as:
a. internalizing the validation one receives from others.
b. looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence.
c. going on one’s instincts when judging the behavior of others.
d. a neurotic tendency to be self-critical.
e. a success identity.
Evidenced-based practices are not:
a. based on psychodynamic principles.
b. tailored to address specific problems and symptoms.
c. founded on empirical research.
d. generally time limited.
In which of the following approaches does the therapist show concern for the client by a
process of involvement throughout the course of therapy?
a. reality therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. family systems therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
The term ‘social interest” refers to:
a. an individual’s attitude in dealing with the social world.
b. a sense of identification and empathy with others.
c. striving for a better future for all humans.
d. all of these.
Which term or phrase is least likely to be used by an existential therapist?
a. restricted existence
b. personal responsibility
c. systematic desensitization
d. anxiety
e. nonbeing
Which therapeutic approach is likely to use interventions with Stan such as pre-therapy
change, exception questions, scaling questions, and the miracle question?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. rational emotive behavior therapy
c. existential therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. cognitive therapy
Yelina seems to ignore the major marital problems that she and her husband Carlos are
having as a result of sharp differences in their viewpoints on political and social issues
that are affecting their native country, Cuba. Whenever a friend points out the tension
she observes, Yelina changes the subject and talks about the weather forecast. Yelina is
adopting which of the following communication stances?
a. blaming
b. placating
c. super reasonable
d. irrelevant
In person-centered therapy assessment occurs:
a. during the first session.
b. as an ongoing process throughout therapy.
c. only after a solid therapeutic relationship has been built.
d. only at the initial and termination phases of therapy.
e. none of the above
Exploration of creativity and artistic self-expression represent new developments in this
approach.
a. family systems therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:
a. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.
b. we live by the values our parents gave us.
c. we refuse to deal with unfinished business.
d. we have learned maladaptive behaviors.
e. we do not possess any self-actualizing tendencies.
Cognitive behavior therapy may be difficult for diverse clients because:
a. it overemphasizes emotional connectedness and collectivism.
b. it lacks empirical support.
c. it fails to account for environmental factors such as cultural differences in behavior.
d. there is the possibility that a culturally appropriate schema could be interpreted as
irrational by the therapist.
e. none of the above
In this approach to therapy, clients are assisted to identify, experience, accept, explore,
transform, and manage their emotions.
a. emotion-focused therapy
b. motivational interviewing
c. dialectical behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. reality therapy
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) unconditional positive regard, (b) empathic understanding, (c) congruence, (d)
active listening, (e) gender role interventions
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is that:
a. they are deterministic.
b. they cannot be applied with a wide range of clients.
c. they do not generate many techniques.
d. they rely too heavily on the therapist as expert.
e. inexperienced clinicians may use the techniques in a mechanistic fashion.
Which of the feminist principles views the therapist as simply another source of
information, rather than as the expert in the therapy process?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women’s ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal
reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilt
feelings?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Assessment is a useful method of:
a. evaluating a client’s current level of functioning.
b. forming a case conceptualization.
c. involving the client as an active participant in treatment.
d. gaining insight into the client’s subjective world.
e. all of these.
A contribution of object-relations theory is that:
a. it provides an extension of psychoanalytic concepts.
b. it offers a new perspective on human development.
c. it provides ways of working with certain character disorders.
d. it shows how earlier experiences with significant others are important in terms of
present relationships.
e. all of the above
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:
a. multimodal therapy and mindfulness.
b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.
c. motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
d. Yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.
In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:
a. a specific technique of therapy.
b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client’s unique needs.
c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.
d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.
Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to
psychoanalysis?
a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model.
b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.
c. Countertransference provides rich information about the client’s dynamics.
d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.
In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:
a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs.
b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely.
c. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.
d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness.
e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) polarized thinking, (b) labeling and mislabeling, (c) magnification and
minimization, (d) selective abstraction, (e) externalization and deconstruction
Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?
a. interpretation of dreams
b. confronting the ways the client is living dependently since early childhood
c. modeling of communication and acting in socially minded ways
d. helping the client to work through the transference neurosis
In existential therapy, the conception of the therapist is
a. an observer-technician.
b. a fully alive human companion for the client.
c. a teacher and coach.
d. an advocate for social change.
Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy,
feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that:
a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change.
b. therapy is based on unconditional positive regard and acceptance.
c. the therapeutic relationship should be a non-hierarchical one.
d. therapy aims to empower clients to live according to their own values and to rely on
an internal locus of control.
e. therapists should be genuine rather than hiding behind an expert role.
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone
and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. confluence.
Existential therapy is rooted in the premise that humans cannot escape from freedom
and responsibility.
Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented
directives and paradoxical interventions.
A feminist therapist generally does not expect the client to assume responsibility for
making internal or external changes.
Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and
engage in fewer supportive interventions than is the case with psychodynamic
therapists.
The only setting in which one might be forced to manage multiple roles is in
community mental health centers.
REBT can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.
The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.
Person-centered therapy groups emphasize self-acceptance and self-reliance.
Part of Ellis’s motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.
Minuchin’s approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action.
Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.
Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change
to occur.
According to the existential view, death makes life meaningless.
Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are
bound to change through the therapeutic venture.
When Rogers challenged the basic assumption that “the counselor knows best,” he
thought that this radical idea would affect the power dynamics and politics of the
counseling profession, but to his surprise, it did not.