Winning the jackpot at the slot machine is an example of a dependent variable.
In mediating generalization, students are taught to monitor and report their own
generalization of appropriate behavior.
Behavioral approaches are less difficult to implement than most other procedures.
The beginning point of the ordinate scale may be drawn directly on the x-axis.
Behaviors that are voluntary in nature rather than reflexive are usually associated with
operant conditioning.
The ordinate is also considered the x axis.
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the alone condition is to gain
positive reinforcement.
Contracting is placing the contingency for reinforcement into written or verbal
agreement.
A multiple baseline design is appropriate to use when the target behavior calls for
immediate action.
“Humanists” often perceive any systematic effort to change behavior as coercive and
inhumane.
A drug company wants to test the effectiveness of a new flue prevention drug on
500″1000 people. For this study, a single-subject experimental design would be used.
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the demand condition is negative
reinforcement.
A parsimonious explanation of behavior includes explanations distant from
observed behavior and its relationship to the environment.
It is not ethical to assure parents that if a procedure is used, their child will no longer
require placement in a special class.
A limited hold contingency allows teacher to make the reinforcer available for long
periods of time following the elapsed interval.
Effective rules describe observable behaviors.
Informed consent is based on full understanding of all aspects of a planned program,
including possible risks.
A punisher can be identified ONLY by its effect of behavior.
It is important to teach self evaluative coping skills and error correction options.
On a graph, data points are not connected across conditions.
In research, the goal is to control for the presence or absence of variables that may
affect outcomes.
A prompted response is NOT under stimulus control.
Mr. Jackson targeted Rob’s out of seat behavior for a behavior change program. He
counted 20 occurrences during a reading period. To verify his data, he asked his student
teacher to record at the same time. The student teacher recorded 18 occurrences. These
data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.
Suppressing behaviors such as whistling and laughing while in school is ethical if it
helps to establish “law and order” in the classroom.
Line graphs are also known as histograms.
Fading is the gradual removal of prompts.
A logical extension of programming common stimuli is community-based instruction.
Criterion statements set minimum performance standards for a behavioral objective.
Teacher characteristics are not important in establishing an effective classroom and
instruction.
Applied behavior analysis may be defined as the process of applying behavioral
principles to improve behaviors while simultaneously evaluating whether noted changes
may be attributed to the application of those principles.
Punishment may be defined as applying an aversive stimulus following an inappropriate
behavior that results in a decrease in behavior.
A temper tantrum is an example of a dependent variable.
Teacher selected performance standards are often more lenient that student selected.
Classroom schedules should be flexible.
Primary reinforcers are almost always effective.
DRO reinforces the opposite of the target behavior.
The existence of a functional relation can be determined through use of a reversal
design.
Stimulus control is the term used by applied behavior analysts to describe bringing
behavior under control of time, place, and circumstances.
In science lab, students are provided with a list of questions to answer as well as a
detailed lab manual outlining the step-by-step experimental procedures to be completed.
In this class, what self-management procedure is the teacher using?
a. Self-monitoring
b. Self-evaluation
c. Self-instruction
d. Self-reinforcement
Which of the following is considered a setting event?
a. classroom noise or temperature level
b. hunger
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
A stimulus, or group of stimuli, that may reliably set the occasion for a response is:
a. positive reinforcement
b. discriminative stimuli
c. an S delta
d. respondent conditioning
What do researchers need before they can say that a functional relation is
demonstrated?
a. Prediction
b. Verification of prediction
c. Replication of effect
d. All of the above
All basic reinforcement systems have the following elements:
a. the teacher presents the antecedent discriminative stimulus
b. the student performs the requested response
c. the appropriate reinforcer is presented to the student
d. all of the above
Generally, how many conditions are used when the function of a behavior is initially to
be identified through a functional analysis?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
The characteristic by which behavior continues for an indeterminate amount of time
once reinforcement is withheld is known as:
a. resistance to extinction
b. orneriness
c. behavioral continuity
d. all of the above
Create two scenarios, one for which you want to increase a behavior and one for which
you want to decrease a behavior. Define the behavior and describe which data
collection system you would use to measure change in behavior. Create a data
collection sheet that supports the data collection system you selected and put in sample
data. Graph the data from the data collection sheet you created. Be sure to include all
components of a basic line graph.
All of the following are useful generalizations from the emerging literature on
functional assessment analysis EXCEPT:
a. for many students, inappropriate behavior leads to escape from aversive tasks or
situations
b. all inappropriate behavior can be decreased or eliminated by teaching a
functionally equivalent, appropriate behavior
c. much inappropriate behavior serves a communicative function
d. much inappropriate behavior is occasioned by high demand situations
Requiring a student to use a method, concept, or theory in various concrete situations
require what level of learning?
a. Comprehension
b. Synthesis
c. Application
d. Evaluation
Mrs. Jakes wanted to address Murray’s reading comprehension using a new
instructional
program. For baseline, she measured:
a. Murray’s ability to read and understand new passages
b. Murray’s current reading comprehension level using the instructional program
already in place
c. Murray’s ability to understand material that is read to him
d. Murray’s reading comprehension using the new instructional program.
The Law of Effect is associated with what behavioral principle?
a. Reinforcement
b. Extinction
c. Punishment
d. Antecedent prompting
Objectives on the IEP include:
a. short term objective, person responsible, criteria for mastery, and review date
b. person responsible, parent’s responsibility, and latency period
c. short term objective, student’s name, and review date
d. long term goals, short term objective, and criteria for mastery
Discuss how single subject designs are evaluated through visual analysis of data.
Miss Kennedy wants Oliver to learn the skills necessary to successfully participate in a
job interview. She provides simulated training opportunities with Oliver that
incorporate the same questions an interviewer would ask and the same environmental
configuration. In addition, she has Oliver wear the outfit he will wear to his interview.
Which technique for promoting generalization is Miss Kennedy using with Oliver?
a. Program common stimuli
b. Train loosely
c. Train sufficient exemplars
d. Use indiscriminable contingencies
A _____ is an additional stimulus that increases the probability that an SD will
occasion the desired response.
a. Concept
b. Reinforcer
c. Consequence
d. Prompt
Which component is missing from the following objective? “When presented with a
textbook and the verbal directive to read a specific page, Allison will open her book and
begin reading.”
a. Learner
b. Target behavior
c. Criteria for acceptable performance
d. Conditions under which the behavior is to be displayed
Event recording can be reported as all of the following except:
a. percentage
b. rate
c. percent of intervals
d. number
On average, students in science Group A ask for assistance 8″12 times per 20-minute
period.
The teacher wants to decrease this behavior. She tells the group that if they are able to
complete their 20-minute lab assignment with no more than three requests for
assistance, they will receive 5 bonus points for their work. This is an example of:
a. Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior
b. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors
c. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
d. Noncontingent reinforcement
John has a tendency to yell at his classmates when he doesn”t get his way during recess.
Mrs. Cobb taught John that when he demonstrates inappropriate behavior during recess,
he must sit on the playground bench for five minutes. Overtime, John has begun to
independently sit on the bench without being prompted by his teacher, when he yells at
his peers during recess. What self-management procedure is John using?
a. Self-instruction
b. Self-monitoring
c. Self-evaluation
d. Self-punishment
Which of the following theorists is credited with classical conditioning?
a. B.F. Skinner
b. Jean Piaget
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. none of the above
An optimum number of overlearning opportunities is approximately_____% of the
number of trials required for acquisition of the behavior.
a. 50%
b. 25%
c. 33%
d. 75%
Using a homework assignment check list, Dakota checks off each homework
assignment he completes. What self-management procedure is Dakota using?
a. Self-recording
b. Self-instruction
c. Self-evaluation
d. Self-reinforcement
Mr. Williams has noticed that student in his fourth period class has been exhibiting
some inappropriate behaviors. Mr. Williams has attempted to correct the behavior using
evidence based behavior management programs, but Joseph continues to exhibit the
behaviors. Mr. Williams and the IEP committee have decided to develop a Behavior
Support Plan for Joseph. What is the next step in developing a Behavior Support Plan?
a. conduct a functional assessment
b. screening
c. conduct a functional analysis
d. identify the target behavior
In mediating generalization, students may be taught to:
a. recognize reinforcers in the environment
b. monitor and report on their own behavior generalization
c. recruits reinforcers which may be available
d. responds to specific discriminative stimuli in multiple environments
Interval and time sampling data may be reported as:
a. number and rate
b. percent and number
c. only rate
d. only percent
One of the most common forms of self-punishment includes _______________.
a. response cost with a token reinforcement systems
b. self-injurious behavior
c. stereotypic behavior
d. none of the above
To provide the broadest possible description of events occurring within a time period
one would use:
a. anecdotal recording
b. observational recording
c. permanent product recording
d. topography recording
Jessie is learning traffic signs in driver’s education. His teacher holds up the sign and
immediately records if Jessie names it correctly. This type of data collection is known
as:
a. event recording
b. time sampling
c. latency recording
d. permanent product recording
Generalization is the performance of a skill in an untrained situation. Generalization
should occur across:
a. various instructions and instructors
b. various materials
c. various settings
d. all of the above
A child who wants more juice interrupts her mother who is talking on the phone. As the
child’s interruptions become louder and more insistent, the mother abruptly ends her
call and immediately attends to the child. More than likely, the next time the mother is
on the phone and her child wants something…
a. the mother will ignore the child
b. the child will take care of her own needs because her mother taught her how to do so
c. the child will interrupt the mother
d. all of the above
Compare and contrast Bloom’s taxonomy with the four levels of learning (acquisition,
fluency, maintenance, generalization).
Your school system has recently undergone budget cuts and therefore off campus trips
have been reduced to only one trip per year. Parents are concerned that their students
will not be able to work on generalization of skills to community settings. During this
budget crisis discuss ways that you can program for generalization within the school
setting.
What are the components of a functional assessment?
A measurement of accuracy is only one dimension for evaluating performance. It
represents the acquisition level of performance. Briefly describe the other 3 levels of
performance.
Describe 3 ways to prevent reinforcer satiation.
Define positive practice overcorrection and give an example.
Based on the criteria set forth by the usefulness explanation of human behavior
(inclusiveness, verifiability,
predictive utility, and parsimony) compare and contrast behaviorism with one of the
following proposed explanations of human behavior: biophysical, developmental, or
cognitive.
Describe 2 problems associated with the use of a CRF schedule.
Define negative reinforcement and explain why it works.
Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment?
A kindergarten teacher wants to collect data on a new behavior modification program to
reduce out-of-seat behavior throughout the school day for three students in her class.
Which data collection system would you recommend she use and why? Contrast the
benefits of the system you recommended against two other systems of data collection.
Describe the sequence for developing a Behavior Support Plan.
Ms. Risley believes that her reading group as a whole demonstrates inappropriate
talking during the reading lesson. What type of data would Ms. Risley collect?
Construct an appropriate data sheet she may use that will present the behavior of the
reading group as a whole.
Differentiate between nonexlusionary and exclusionary time-out. Provide examples of
each form of time-out.
Compare and contrast antecedent and response prompts.