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Most early infant and mother turns last for
a. Less than 1 second
b. Between 1 and 3 seconds
c. Between 5 and 7 seconds
d. More than 10 seconds
The membranes that cover the CNS are called ________________.
a. Myelin sheaths
b. Hemispheres
c. Meninges
d. Ventricles
_____________________ consists of adaptation and organization.
a. Short term memory
b. Attention
c. Working memory
d. Learning
Which is the best example of an utterance that is problematic for generative grammar?
a. The sky is falling.
b. What time is it?
c. I"m not tired.
d. How's it going?
In ___________________ studies, children are followed over a period of time.
a. Ethnographic
b. Correlational
c. Cross-sectional
d. Longitudinal
Approximately __________________ people speak English as a second language.
a. 1 million
b. 10 million
c. 1 billion
d. 10 billion
As the infant develops, there is a __________________ in the infant's and mother's
behaviors.
a. Ritualization
b. Mutual modification
c. Decrease in predictability
d. Decrease in signaling.
When studying _______________ in particular, it is important to sample language in a
variety of contexts.
a. Syntax
b. Semantics
c. Pragmatics
d. Morphology
e. Phonology
Bound morphemes begin to occur at an MLU of ____________.
a. 1.5
b. 2.0-2.5
c. 3.0-3.5
d. 4.0
In English, singular nouns are _____________________.
a. Rare
b. Unmarked
c. Inflected
d. Acquired around age 10
What is the order of acquisition for the following conjunctions?
a. And, if, because, but
b. And, but, if, because
c. And, because, but, if
d. And, because, if, but
The rules of __________________ specify word, phrase, and clause order; sentence
organization; and the relationships among words, word classes, and other sentence
elements.
a. Syntax
b. Semantics
c. Pragmatics
d. Morphology
e. Phonology
Up to an MLU of _____________, increases in MLU correspond to increases in
utterance complexity.
a. 1.5
b. 2.5-3.0
c. 4.0
d. 5.0
In the development of metalinguistic abilities, the ability to detect _________________
errors develops first.
a. Syntactic
b. Semantic
c. Morphological
d. Conceptual
Boys begin to talk about sports and girls about school as early as age _________.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 5
d. 8
The two communication intentions that comprise 80% of all child utterances at age 5
are ________________________________________.
a. Control and representational
b. Expressive and control
c. Procedural and representational
d. Social and tutorial
Almost ____________ of maternal utterances are full adult sentences.
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 70%
d. 80%
Which of the following phonemes would most likely be found in first words?
a. /t, d/
b. /θ, /
c. /f, v/
d. /j, l/
_______________________ may account for 20-30% of the utterances of 4-year-olds.
a. Conversations
b. Indirect requests
c. Monologs
d. Requests for information
Use of figurative language is indicative of higher language functions and correlates
with adolescent ___________________________.
a. Literacy skills
b. Narrative development
c. Peer relationships
d. School performance
The modifications of CDS seem to be maximally effective with children age
_________________.
a. 6-9 months
b. 10-12 months
c. 15-18 months
d. 18-21 months
The Interactionalist approach emphasizes the combination of _____________ and
________________ influences.
a. Input and output
b. Structural and acquisitional
c. Cognitive and linguistic
d. Biological and environmental
In the early school-age years, growth in semantics and ____________________ are
most prevalent.
a. Syntax
b. Phonology
c. Morphology
d. Pragmatics
Fewer than __________ of first-graders can produce correct pronouns, "cause" clauses,
and gerunds.
a. 20%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 75%
Both children and adults use a strategy of _____________________ semantically
related information into categories for remembering.
a. Chunking
b. Facilitation
c. Deep processing
d. Marking
Above an MLU of _____________, a child may omit the conjunction "that" within a
subordinate clause.
a. 2.0
b. 2.5
c. 3.0
d. 4.5
____________________ govern(s) sequential organization and coherence, repair of
errors, role, and intentions.
a. Pragmatic rules
b. The Cooperation Principle
c. Quality
d. Literality
The ability to detect every possible phoneme contrast is lost by __________ because
children focus on their native language.
a. Birth
b. 6 months
c. 10 months
d. 12 months
____________________ refers to the firing of neurons to establish connections.
a. Synaptogenesis
b. Myelination
c. Synaptic pruning
d. Specialization
___________________ consist(s) of categories and classes of words.
a. Event-based knowledge
b. Semantic maps
c. Taxonomic knowledge
d. Scripts
There are at least ___________ regional dialects in the U.S.
a. 10
b. 15
c. 20
d. 25
What is the major shift in reading around 3rd grade?
Name at least four reasons for the worldwide loss of languages.
What is story grammar?
What is the difference between near transfer and far transfer?
How might figurative expressions be learned, stored, and processed?
What are sensitive periods and why are they important?
How is new versus old information marked with "a" and "the"?
How does an infant request during the Gestural Intentions stage?
How are the reduced working memory and attention capacities of children beneficial
for language learning?
Name the components of the cerebellum, discuss its functions, and describe the
feedback loop with other parts of the brain.
Briefly discuss the importance of routines and games for communication.
What are the two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading?
What are the possible sources of stalls?
What are the ways the adolescent/adult brain continues to change?
What are the three characteristics of language?
How can MLU be useful to SLPs despite its drawbacks?
What are the five parameters of language?
