Which of the following theories most emphasizes cognitive processes?
a. Savickas’s career construction theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. social cognitive career theory
d. Tiedeman’s career decision-making theory
Which of the following theories has been least successful in explaining career
development?
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Roe’s theory.
d. Super’s theory.
Krumboltz’s social learning theory differs from other career development theories
because of its emphasis on
a. learning experiences.
b. career maturity.
c. career choice.
d. relationships.
Understanding that there are differences between the counselor’s values and the client’s
values can be helpful in counseling, according to
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers-Briggs type theory.
c. Frank Parsons.
d. work adjustment theory.
When Armand asks what is the best career choice for him, he is asking a question that
reflects which phase of cognitive information processing theory?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Donna has been a high school science teacher for 20 years. Her interest has been
primarily in the teaching aspects of her work rather than in biology, her primary subject
matter responsibility. She has also coached volley ball, an assignment that she has very
much enjoyed. Her daughter Carol is also interested in biology, as well as chemistry.
However, she also is interested in art. A good student Carol would like to go to college
next year where she can start a pre-med program. Donna is supportive of Carol’s plans.
To start to save money, Carol has started to work part-time as a bank teller, a job that
she finds tedious and boring. Apply Holland’s theory in answering these questions.
Donna has a clear and stable view of her future, while Carol’s is unclear. This concern
about certainty about future goals is referred to by Holland as the concept of
a. congruence.
b. consistency.
c. differentiation.
d. identity.
Data, persons, things are categories that are used in this classification system:
a. Dictionary of Occupational Titles
b. Guide for Occupational Exploration
c. Holland’s system
d. O*NET
Alfred has been an auto mechanic for two years. At first, he enjoyed his work, but now
he is not sure. However, he comes to work each day. Which of the following indicators
of the salience of life roles best describes him?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Examining steps one and two of trait and factor theory would require this phase of
cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Which of the following theories most emphasizes behavioral processes?
a. Holland’s theory
b. Krumboltz’s social learning theory
c. social cognitive career theory
d. Tiedeman’s career decision-making theory
Gladys has been a real estate agent for 20 years. She finds that she is less willing to
work evenings and weekends then she once was. As a result, her commissions have
diminished slightly in the past year. According to Super, she is currently in this
substage:
a. decelerating
b. holding
c. innovating
d. updating
Which of the following is an example of a contextual influence proximal to choice
behavior as described by social cognitive career theory?
a. being raised by a grandparent
b. being exposed to racism in elementary school
c. not having enough money to pay for tuition this semester
d. being told as a child that certain occupations are not open to people of your gender
Leon is 7 years old. Which of the following is MOST likely to be a key figure for Leon?
a. father
b. friend
c. younger sister
d. younger brother
Which of the following responses would be most appropriate to make after Jennifer
says: “I just learned an hour ago that I have been fired from my job as a security guard.
I have been with the firm for five years.”
a. There are plenty of jobs for security guards. Why don’t you try an employment
agency?
b. What a terrible shock. It seems like it really took you by surprise.
c. Why don’t you ask you’re boss what you did wrong to make him fire you?
d. You can find a job as a security guard somewhere else.
Which of these is NOT a part of the triadic reciprocal interaction system?
a. behaviors
b. environment
c. insight
d. preferences and self perceptions
Which of the following counselor statements is inappropriate when counseling a female
client?
a. Because women are not as strong as men they are not as qualified as men to do
roofing work.
b. Please tell me what appeals to you about roofing.
c. Roofing can be hazardous due to the need to work high off of the ground.
d. Women can do roofing work.
As a group, women tend to have
a. less turnover in jobs than men.
b. higher paying jobs than men.
c. lower paying jobs than men
d. more health problems than men.
Tara is starting her job as a carpenter. She has few plans, but would like activities where
she could keep busy all of the time, tell others what to do, be looked up to by others,
and be recognized for her contributions as a good worker. Her plans can most clearly be
conceptualized by which of the following theories?
a. general trait and factor theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. Myers-Briggs type theory
d. work adjustment theory
The Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire uses the same needs as
a. the Differential Aptitude Test.
b. the General Aptitude Test Battery.
c. the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire.
d. The Minnesota Occupational Classification System.
Dawn is very aware of the color patterns that she observes in her surroundings and in
the art work that she produces. According to Myers-Briggs type theory she is using
a. feeling.
b. intuiting.
c. sensing.
d. thinking.
When Florence, an 8 year old second grade student, sees only male carpenters building
the new house next door, she concludes that she could not become a carpenter because
she is not male. According to Gottfredson, Florence is developing
a. a focus on prestige.
b. an inferiority complex.
c. concrete operations.
d. tolerable sex type boundaries.
Community is an important aspect of Bloch and Richmond’s spiritual approach. Which
of the following is NOT a type of community that they describe?
a. communities of companionship
b. communities of culture
c. religious communities
d. the cosmic community
Barbara finds that she enjoys her work as an elementary school teacher, but says that
her teaching is being constantly evaluated and monitored by her principal. Although she
has complained about this behavior, it persists. Using work adjustment theory, which
explanation would you give for her lack of satisfaction?
a. Her need for responsibility is not being met.
b. Her ability to teach is not satisfactory.
c. There is a lack of congruence between Barbara’s work style and that of the principal.
d. There is a poor match between Barbara’s abilities and those of her chosen occupation.
Melville believes that religion is extremely important in his life and that it should be to
others as well. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best
describes his belief?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
In narrative career counseling, which of the following would not be considered an
instrument?
a. family
b. friends
c. one’s abilities
d. the counselor’s office
Work adjustment theory has been applied to the following categories of individuals,
with the exception of
a. adult men.
b. adult women.
c. third and fourth graders
d. young adolescents.
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that Holland’s theory has generated
so much research?
a. The terms are defined clearly and simply.
b. Longitudinal research is not required.
c. His theory has more predictive validity than work adjustment theory.
d. His concepts relate directly to practice.
Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. Holland’s theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. Super’s theory
d. work adjustment theory
In the DOT code 123.456.789 which digit refers to dealing with data
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
A problem that members of minorities have faced in the past is
a. a lack of knowledge about social service occupations.
b. failure to assess their interests.
c. failure to assess their values.
d. lack of available occupational information.
Jeff has known for some time that the health clinic that he works at is planning to close
permanently. However, he chooses to ignore this information and hopes that his
employment will continue. According to Hopson and Adams, he is likely to be in this
transition stage.
a. immobilization
b. internalization
c. minimization
d. testing out
When considering retirement, Schlossberg would suggest that, among other things,
Mason should consider how to deal with
a. anticipated events.
b. chronic hassles.
c. the situation he is in.
d. protean careers.