Using a narrative approach to Stan’s therapy, one would have the general goal of:
a. exploring the causes of his current problems with women.
b. assisting Stan in the process of reauthoring his life story.
c. uncovering Stan’s basic mistakes in his thinking.
d. focusing on eliminating the presenting problem and finding solutions.
e. attempting to restructure the family dynamics.
___________________ is rooted in a person-centered philosophy, but it is integrative in
that it synthesizes aspects of Gestalt therapy and existential therapy.
a. Emotion-focused therapy
b. Acceptance and commitment therapy
c. The A-B-C model
d. Multimodal therapy
e. Stress inoculation training
A limitation of existential therapy is its:
a. emphasis on the therapist as an expert.
b. adherence to the medical model.
c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients.
d. use of simplistic concepts.
e. neglect of feelings.
The founder of this approach referred to dreams as the “royal road to integration.”
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. dialectical behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. emotion-focused therapy
Insight can be helpful but is not considered essential for therapeutic change to occur.
a. reality therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. existential therapy
e. both (a) and (b)
Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?
a. Alfred Adler
b. Cloe Madanes
c. Albert Ellis
d. Salvador Minuchin
e. Carl Whitaker
Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead, focuses on
creating solutions in the present and the future?
a. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach
b. family therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
In Gestalt therapy, techniques are best considered as:
a. experiments.
b. strategies created by the therapist.
c. planned exercises to elicit feelings.
d. interventions designed to remove symptoms.
e. ways to get the client past layers of resistance.
Which of the following would Albert Ellis be least likely to incorporate in his
counseling sessions with Ruth?
a. encouraging her to relive her early childhood traumatic experiences
b. using in vivo desensitization
c. exploring her irrational thinking
d. teaching her how to debate self-defeating thinking patterns
e. teaching her new and more functional beliefs
The main goal of behavior therapy is:
a. fostering self-actualization.
b. expanding self-understanding and insight.
c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior.
d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and
provides a different interpretation of a problematic situation?
a. reorganization
b. family mapping
c. restructuring
d. reframing
e. joining
Analytic therapy is oriented toward:
a. achieving insight.
b. identifying and experiencing feelings and memories.
c. developing an in-depth self-understanding.
d. reconstructing childhood experiences.
e. all of these
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) self-evaluation, (b) plan for action, (c) commitment, (d) unconditional positive
regard, (e) WDEP
Which of the following is not typically a standard psychoanalytic technique?
a. free association
b. interpretation
c. exploration of one’s position in the family
d. exploration of patterns of resistance
e. analysis of transference
In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among
the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?
a. mindfulness
b. interpersonal effectiveness
c. emotional regulation
d. distress tolerance
e. relapse prevention
The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes:
a. helping clients use all their resources.
b. transforming traits that can be liabilities into assets.
c. helping clients recognize and accept their positive qualities.
d. all of these.
A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty
attaining a sense of _________ during the_________ stage.
a. intimacy; young adulthood
b. identity; adolescent
c. integrity; later life
d. initiative; preschool age
e. industry; school age
Feminist and postmodern models of family therapy are based on the perspective
of____________________ ; that is, the family practitioner becomes part of the family
system and just by being present with the family changes it.
a. first-order cybernetics
b. second-order cybernetics
c. first-order connection
d. second-order connection
Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one’s family must be addressed if one
hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. Adlerian family therapy
c. social constructionism
d. strategic family therapy
e. solution-oriented therapy
All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except
for:
a. building friendships
b. establishing intimacy
c. contributing to society
d. achieving self-actualization
When working with a client living a restricted existence, an existential therapist would
likely:
a. explore the developmental origins of these feelings.
b. develop a specific behavioral plan to help the client get “un-stuck”.
c. encourage the client to do a shame-attacking exercise.
d. make the client aware of how his or her current ways of living are keeping him or her
stuck.
e. use cognitive restructuring techniques.
What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people’s problems?
a. “People don”t have problems, they have solutions that have not worked.”
b. “Most people are emotionally disturbed, but many of them are able to create a
believable facade that they are high functioning. Don”t be fooled!”
c. “Most forms of psychopathology should be treated with medication.”
d. “People who have problems should try reality therapy only after uncovering the
unconscious determinants of their behavior.”
A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:
a. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
b. this therapy provides specific tools to help clients make the changes they desire.
c. the concept of the quality world is abstract and lacks cross-cultural appeal.
d. reality therapists must be careful when adapting their approach to non-western
cultures.
Which theoretical perspective is most likely to use techniques such as reframing and
relabeling, bibliotherapy, advocacy, power intervention, social action, and gender-role
analysis and intervention?
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:
a. is a neurotically dependent attachment.
b. should be based on our needs and theirs.
c. is healthy if balanced with aloneness.
d. is not necessary, since we are basically alone.
Therapists utilizing motivational interviewing strategies view clients as:
a. opponents to be defeated.
b. allies who play a major role in their present and future success.
c. victims of their own psychopathology who need to be liberated from their pain and
dysfunction.
d. people who are lazy and need a powerful incentive to change their ways.
Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in
life?
a. Medard Boss
b. Jean-Paul Sartre
c. Soren Kierkegaard
d. Martin Buber
e. Friedrich Nietzsche
The young adult who adopts his parent’s outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant
feelings of anxiety is an example of:
a. displacement.
b. reaction formation.
c. sublimation.
d. introjection.
e. projection.
Reality therapy is best categorized as:
a. a brand of psychoanalytic therapy.
b. a form of nondirective therapy.
c. a derivative of Gestalt therapy.
d. a derivative of Adlerian therapy.
e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.
You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of
counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as:
a. resistance.
b. a manifestation of uncooperative behavior.
c. a response consistent with his or her cultural context.
d. a clear sign that counseling will not work.
A limitation of reality therapy is:
a. that it does not adequately address unconscious factors.
b. the focus on a client’s problems, not strengths.
c. the many lofty and abstract concepts.
d. that it ignores behavior change by overstressing attitude change.
e. that it requires lengthy professional training to use many of the concepts in practice.
This approach aims to evoke intense emotional experiences in the moment.
a. Adlerian therapy
b. REBT
c. reality therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. behavior therapy
Adlerians would be least likely to use which of the following techniques?
a. advice
b. paradoxical intention
c. empty-chair
d. lifestyle assessment
e. early recollections
Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:
a. thinking largely determines how we feel and behave.
b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.
c. environmental factors largely control what we are doing.
d. the way to change dysfunctional behavior is to reexperience a situation in which we
originally became psychologically stuck.
The techniques of psychoanalytic therapy are aimed at:
a. gaining insights into the client’s behavior.
b. helping clients to resolve their competitive strivings with their siblings.
c. teaching people social skills such as assertive behavior.
d. helping clients see how their thinking leads to certain emotional and behavioral
patterns.