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Discuss how percent of overlap is calculated when conducting a visual analysis of data.
__________ produces a written description of nearly everything that occurred in a
specific time period or setting.
a. Latency recording
b. Anecdotal reports
c. Event recording
d. Permanent product recording
At the initiation of an extinction procedure one should expect the behavior will:
a. decrease
b. increase
c. remain stable
d. disappear
In using general case programming:
a. single instances of stimuli are identified and used in training
b. multiple instances of stimuli are identified and used in training
c. a range of stimuli showing sameness and difference are identified and used in
training
d. a range of stimuli showing difference only are identified and used in training
Self-management is made up of many components. Which of the following is a
component of self- management?
a. goal setting
b. self-reinforcement
c. self-evaluation
d. all of the above
Michael counts on his fingers in order to answer arithmetic computation problems. The
teacher wants to wean him off this crutch. She gives him, consecutively, various
assistance strategies of lessening the concrete nature of his prompt. The most
appropriate design for this example is:
a. changing criterion design
b. AB design
c. reversal design
d. changing conditions design
The "x" axis is indicated by what letter?
a. B
b. C
c. F
d. A
When two or more behaviors associated with one student in a single setting are
examined, what design is being used?
a. multiple baseline across settings
b. multiple baseline across behaviors
c. multiple baseline across individuals
d. alternating treatment design
Teaching students to engage in self instruction:
a. helps them in problem solving
b. may facilitate generalization to other settings
c. may facilitate generalization to other tasks
d. all of the above
Graduated guidance is a fading procedure that:
a. begins with whatever prompt level is necessary for performance of behavior
b. is used to fade physical prompts
c. is concerned with the time the prompt is given
d. increases the amount of assistance within a trial
What recording procedure should a teacher use if he wanted to be as exact as possible
in recording frequently occurring aggressive behaviors (such as hitting, kicking, and
biting) during a 20-minute activity period?
a. Time Sampling
b. Event Recording
c. Interval recording
d. Duration recording
For an explanation of behavior to be parsimonious, it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. be testable
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances
Ms. Wilson's class went two days a week to work at a local grocery store. To assist
with generalization, such as sorting, she created a simulation of the grocery store in
their classroom. This is an example of teaching generalization using :
a. indiscriminable contingencies
b. programming common stimuli
c. training loosely
d. general case programming
When a teacher starts with the first link in a chain, teaches it until it is mastered, and
then goes on to the next link, he is using what instructional technique?
a. Backward chaining
b. Forward chaining
c. Total task presentation
d. Behavioral chaining
After completing a functional assessment, Ms. Jones hypothesizes that Chris' behavior
functions as a means of escaping disliked tasks. Which of the following conditions
should Ms. Jones test during the functional analysis?
a. attention
b. demand
c. play
d. alone
Which of the following is NOT true? When setting goals, students...
a. should set goals that are long-term
b. should set goals that are specific
c. should set goals that are short-term
d. should set goals that are challenging
Carol is having difficulty with subtraction problems. Over a five day period, out of 20
problems, she has gotten the following number of examples correct: M " 9; T " 11; W "
6; Th " 9; F " 8. Draw a line graph that accurately presents the preceding data.
Which of the following is another term for "training loosely?"
a. Naturalistic teaching
b. Minimal intervention
c. Incidental teaching
d. All of the above.
A reactive effect is:
a. a behavior change in the desired direction simply as a result of self recording
b. an allergic reaction to a stimulus
c. a behavior change in the opposite direction
d. none of the above
A student learns the concept of "red" through training on a continuum of red colored
items as well as blue and green items. The teacher has used:
a. general case programming
b. training loosely methodology
c. train and hope methodology
d. indiscriminable contingencies
The measurement of a behavior before intervention begins is called:
a. preliminary data
b. variable data
c. baseline data
d. confounding data
The process of trapping a behavior is used when teaching generalization under
conditions of____________________.
a. sequential modification
b. train and hope
c. natural maintaining contingencies
d. none of the above
______________ describes a behavior's complexity or its motor components.
a. Latency
b. Locus
c. Topography
d. Force
Types of data collection procedures that have been successfully used by students as
means for self recording are:
a. event
b. latency
c. anecdotal records
d. all of the above
A discriminative stimulus is represented by the symbol:
a. SR+
b. SR-
c. SD
d. none of the above
A scale break indicates:
a. that 50% of the data points are above a certain number.
b. that data points fall at zero.
c. that the ordinate scale is not continuous.
d. that the ordinate scale is continuous.
The design depicted here is known as:
a. Changing criterion design
b. Alternating Treatments design
c. Changing conditions design
d. Reversal design
When determining ________ of a behavior, we count the number of times the behavior
occurs within an observation period.
a. Frequency
b. Rate
c. Latency
d. Duration
Initially, Isabel is taught to use her augmentative communication system to indicate it's
time for lunch when prompted by the teacher and when she feels hunger. Through
instruction over time and withdrawal of the teacher's verbal prompt, Isabel now
independently indicates it's time for lunch when her stomach begins growling. This is
an example of what generalization technique?
a. Sequentially modify
b. Train loosely
c. Mediate generalization
d. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies
A behavior that lends itself to trapping includes:
a. Grooming skills
b. Social skills
c. Communication skills
d. All of the above
The necessity for continued teacher support can be minimized through the use of:
a. self reinforcement
b. self recording
c. self instruction
d. all of the above
A form of decreasing assistance called errorless learning is also known as:
a. Time Delay
b. Graduated Guidance
c. Backward Chaining
d. Stimulus shaping
Target behavior must be included in behavioral objectives because:
a. the precise definition of the behavior facilitates continuity of instruction
b. the statement allows for confirmation that a change has actually occurred
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
The design of choice when the teacher is interested in applying an intervention
procedure to more than one individual, setting, or behavior is the:
a. multiple baseline design
b. alternating treatment design
c. reversal design
d. changing criterion design
A functional analysis is conducted in order to:
a. verify a hypothesis form a functional hypothesis
b. clarify uncertain results from a functional assessment
c. serves as an initial step in developing a hypothesis of a function
d. all of the above
