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____________ sentences are usually reserved for certain types of offenders, including
those who commit violent offenses and serious drug offenses and habitual offenders.
a. Determinate
b. Presumptive
c. Mandatory
d. Indeterminate
The population of drug offenders in US prisons has increased by over ________ percent
since 1980.
a. 300
b. 400
c. 500
d. 700
Probation is the most frequently used form of correctional punishment in the United
States.
a. True
b. False
Rob is a jail administrator. The facility he overseesis designed in podular units and
encourages staff and offender interaction. However, maintaining qualified staff is an
on-going issue for Rob.
Based on the above scenario, what type of facility is Rob the administrator of?
a. New-Generation jail
b. Old-School jail
c. Super-Max jail
d. Jail of the Future
The presentence report is prepared by a
a. probation officer.
b. judge.
c. prosecuting attorney.
d. court clerk.
A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was Sir Walter Crofton, who
administered British penal colonies in Tasmania and elsewhere in the South Pacific and
later in England.
a. True
b. False
Crowding produces problems for jail management.
a. True
b. False
______________________ theory states that for a prison system to operate effectively,
officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate
leaders to keep order.
a. Administrative-control
b. Officer-balance
c. Prisoner-control
d. Inmate-balance
In the United States today, more felons are being sentenced to _____________ instead
of _____________.
a. parole; prison
b. probation; prison
c. parole; probation
d. prison; probation
The underlying philosophy of the juvenile court remains much as the original reformers
intended.
a. True
b. False
The condition of home confinement is commonly known as
a. electronic monitoring.
b. ETG monitoring.
c. limited monitoring.
d. TAD monitoring.
Throughout history, children who have gotten in trouble have been treated with
leniency.
a. True
b. False
From 1930 to 1980 the incarceration rate in the United States grew exponentially.
a. True
b. False
In looking at evidence in corrections, we want to look at what works.
a. True
b. False
The most frequent type of offense of federal prisoners is drug related.
a. True
b. False
_____________ are laws that are created by local, state, and federal governments.
a. Doctrines
b. Statutes
c. Regulations
d. Constitutions
The Positivist School of criminology is centered upon the idea that an individual freely
chooses to commit crime, thus the act not the actor is the most important factor in
understanding the causes of crime.
a. True
b. False
In regards to the effectiveness of community supervision, ________ emphasizes the
importance of "results" in setting priorities and selecting activities.
a. performance-based supervision
b. objective supervision
c. intensive supervision
d. subjective supervision
Overall women prisoners receive ________ sentences than do men.
a. shorter maximum
b. longer minimum
c. longer maximum
d. shorter minimum
The deinstitutionalization movement of the 1960s had no impact on the mentally ill
population in jails and prisons.
a. True
b. False
Your authors refer to corrections as a(n) ____________, a complex whole, consisting of
interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals, and that is
directly influenced by its environment.
a. structure
b. system
c. organism
d. organization
According to your authors, home confinement falls into the category of ____________
release.
a. discretionary
b. other conditional
c. expiration
d. supplementary
Today slightly more than ________ percent of adult offenders are released on parole
and remain under correctional supervision for a specific period of time.
a. 27
b. 37
c. 57
d. 77
The earliest known forms of codified law were the Sumerian Laws of Mesopotamia
(3100 BCE) and the _______________, developed by the King of Babylon in 1750
BCE.
a. Roman Twelve Tables
b. Law of Moses
c. Draconian Code
d. Code of Hammurabi
Recently there has been a major emphasis on programs to __________ offenders
awaiting trial.
a. punish
b. convict
c. sentence
d. release
Most prisoners in the United States are housed in federal correctional facilities.
a. True
b. False
The death penalty requires that the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form or
revenge.
a. True
b. False
A risk assessment may be used to determine if an inmate is ready for release.
a. True
b. False
Restrictions that parolees must legally obey after being released are referred to as
________.
a. exiting guidelines
b. conditions of release
c. parole regulations
d. post-release policy
Ren learned juveniles are not arrested, they are
a. detained
b. confined
c. restricted
d. captured
Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to
discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as___________________.
a. specific deterrence
b. specific retribution
c. general deterrence
d. general retribution
Studies show that _____________ percent of the jail and prison population have
symptoms of or a history of mental health problems.
a. 30
b. 44
c. 56
d. 72
A(n) ____________ sentence is a fixed period of incarceration and is often associated
with the concept of retribution.
a. indeterminate
b. determinate
c. intermediate
d. presumptive
A __________________ state interest identifies an interest of the state that must take
precedence over rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.
To defend against possible allegations of misconduct, probation officers need
tothoroughly________________ their actions so that they can meet any potential
challenge without having to rely on just memory or their own verbal testimony.
In the adult court the person charged is called the defendant; in the juvenile system the
person charged is called the ______________.
Parole officers monitor offenders' ______________ to ensure that parole requirements
are met.
A _________ system is a system by which jail operations are funded by a set amount
paid per day for each inmate held.
The _______________ design of prisons has long been used for both juvenile and
women's prisons.
Explain what geriatric offenders are and explain why they pose a challenge for
corrections.
Answer:N/A
Correctional officers often rely on rewards and punishment to gain
_________________.
Please define the following terms: (1) Probation and (2) Parole. What are the major
similarities and differences between the two sanctions? How are these sanctions
commonly used in the United States today? Please explain your answer.
Answer:N/A
New correctional professionals expect to have a say in the _______________
undertaken by corrections systems.
Identify three program strategies that are most likely to be effective with juveniles and
explain the design of each program.
Answer:N/A
Define and compare line and staff personnel. Give an example of each. Discuss the
roles of both groups including any conflicts that can occur between the two.
Answer:N/A
A presumptive sentence is a sentence in which the __________________ or a
commission sets a minimum and maximum range of months or years.
The ________________ design is mainly used for maximum-security prisons in the
United States.
To deal with the problem of sexual abuse in prison, states have enacted statutes
______________ sexual relations with correctional clients.
Typical _____________ available to the court are probation, intermediate sanctions,
community programs, and out-of-home placement.
The social and political climate of the 1960s gave rise to the _____________ model of
corrections.
