Gradual removing of prompts is known as __________.
a. Fading
b. Backward chaining
c. Shaping
d. All of the above
Differential effects of self instruction may be due to:
a. age
b. cognitive style
c. attributional style
d. all of the above
Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in:
a. the stimulus
b. the effect on behavior
c. the schedule
d. the teacher
Systematically fading a combination of prompts is an example of:
a. Increasing assistance
b. Time delay
c. Decreasing assistance
d. Graduated guidance
How do generalization objectives differ from acquisition objectives?
a. The conditions under which the behavior to be performed differs.
b. Differences in the criteria defined for performance
c. Differences in behavior targeted for change
d. a and b only
What schedule of reinforcement should be used when initially using DRA with a
new behavior?
a. Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF)
b. Fixed interval: 2 (FI: 2)
c. Variable ratio: 1 (VR: 1)
d. Fixed ratio: 2 (FR: 2)
The data collection technique which notes every time a behavior occurs within an
observation period is:
a. event recording
b. interval recording
c. time sampling
d. permanent product recording
In most cases, the first phase of a single-subject design is:
a. implementing the independent variable
b. collecting and recording baseline data
c. graphic visual analysis of the dependent variable
d. none of the above
Student selected performance standards are often:
a. more lenient than teacher selected
b. more stringent than teacher selected
c. totally unreasonable
d. none of the above
It is important for a behavior to be operationally defined because
a. It ensures that the teacher is consistently observing the same behavior
b. It allows for confirmation by a third party
c. It facilitates continuity of instruction
d. All of the above
The change agent who is available across all times and settings is:
a. the teacher
b. the student’s parent
c. the student
d. none of the above
__________ refers to the tendency of a learned behavior to occur after
programmed contingencies have been withdrawn.
a. Response maintenance
b. Stimulus generalization
c. Acquisition
d. Response generalization
Which design examines an intervention across settings?
a. reversal
b. multielement
c. AB
d. multiple baseline
During a ______ schedule, if inappropriate behavior is attempted the performance of
the inappropriate behavior is ignored and an alternative behavior reinforced or
performance of an inappropriate behavior is interrupted and redirected toward the
appropriate behavior.
a. DRL
b. DRI
c. DRO
d. DRA
During the third grade, John learned his multiplication facts. Upon returning to school
after the summer break, his fourth grade teacher tested his ability to recite his
multiplication facts. John’s fourth grade teacher was assessing which skill level?
a. Maintenance
b. Generalization
c. Fluency
d. Overlearning
Antecedent stimuli or conditions may be defined by the teacher to set up the appropriate
response. They may include:
a. environmental setting, written instructions or verbal responses
b. demonstration, materials to be used and number of responses
c. identifiable behavior, amount of assistance and demonstration
d. demonstration, verbal instructions and manner of assistance
The design associated with sequential modification is:
a. Multiple baseline design
b. Reversal design
c. Changing conditions design
d. Alternating treatment design
Which of the following statements is true of DRO schedules?
a. requires students receive reinforcement if he/she does not perform the target behavior
b. reinforces absence of the behavior
c. effectiveness depends on the reinforcer selected
d. all of the above
A driver is taught to push the accelerator when the traffic light turns green. While at
work, she opens the dishwasher door, only when the light turns green. This is an
example of:
a. Stimulus generalization
b. Response maintenance
c. Behavioral persistence
d. Response generalization
A model’s effectiveness may be positively influenced by:
a. high status
b. differences between model and students
c. behavior modeled without reinforcement
d. none of the above
A contract should NOT:
a. reinforce small approximations
b. reinforce the performance after it occurs
c. be stated negatively: “if you do not…, then I will…”
d. reinforce frequently with small amounts
The “y” axis is indicated by what letter?
a. C
b. E
c. A
d. F
Joe was on a CRF schedule to reinforce the behavior of raising his hand before
speaking out. His teacher decided she needed to thin his schedule of reinforcement from
a CRF to VI 10 schedule. Joe’s use of handing raising decreased and he began to call
out without raising his hand. The behavioral principle which explains this situation is
__________.
a. ratio strain
b. thinning
c. Premack Principle
d. pairing
Operant behaviors are ______ voluntarily, whereas respondent behaviors are ________
by stimuli.
a. elicited, occasioned
b. emitted, elicited
c. occasioned, emitted
d. none of the above
Training of stimuli observed in both training and generalization settings is best
described as:
a. use of indiscriminable contingencies
b. common stimuli programming
c. training loosely
d. train and hope methodology
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria set forth by Baer, Wolf, and Risley
(1968) as the qualifications for research to be considered applied behavior analysis:
a. the behavior must be socially important
b. the behavior must be objectively defined
c. a functional relation must be demonstrated
d. must be an aberrant behavior
A continuity break could be present on a graph for any of the following except:
a. student was sick
b. winter break
c. student was not responding well during the instructional session
d. teacher had a meeting
Ms. Lee wants to increase the amount of time her kindergarten students remain on task.
What recording system would be most appropriate for Ms. Lee to use?
a. Latency recording
b. Duration recording
c. Interval recording
d. Event recording
Which of the following is an example of a prompt which increases assistance?
a. graduated guidance
b. time delay
c. least-to-most prompts
d. most-to-least prompts
Which is considered a common component of single-subject designs?
a. measure of baseline performance
b. measure of performance under an intervention condition
c. replication of the use of the intervention within the design
d. all of the above
Which procedure is NOT necessarily the best to use for promoting generalization?
a. Delaying the delivery of reinforcers
b. Intermittent reinforcement
c. Use of a thin schedule of reinforcement
d. A continuous schedule of reinforcement