Generally, how many conditions are used when the function of a behavior is initially to
be identified through a functional analysis?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
When selecting an incompatible or alternative behavior to use in a differential
reinforcement procedure:
a. it is better if the behavior is already in the student’s repertoire
b. the functional intent of the behavior should be analyzed
c. the alternative behavior should be one that can be reinforced frequently
d. all of the above
The necessity for continued teacher support can be minimized through the use of:
a. self reinforcement
b. self recording
c. self instruction
d. all of the above
Which behavior may serve to gain a tangible object?
a. reading quietly
b. banging a pencil
c. taking notes
d. all of the above
Ignoring disruptive behavior is a procedure known as:
a. overcorrection
b. response cost
c. time out
d. extinction
Negative reinforcement is abbreviated as:
a. SR2
b. SR-
c. NR
d. NR-
Dara was self-talking through each step of her math problem. She was engaged in
________.
a. self-recording
b. self-punishment
c. self-instruction
d. self-reinforcement
When a teacher starts with the first link in a chain, teaches it until it is mastered, and
then goes on to the next link, he is using what instructional technique?
a. Backward chaining
b. Forward chaining
c. Total task presentation
d. Behavioral chaining
A “learned” reinforcer is also known as:
a. natural reinforcer
b. deprived reinforcer
c. aversive reinforcer
d. conditional reinforcer
For an explanation of behavior to be “verifiable” it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. be testable
Jennifer learns to discriminate between hot and cold by operating the sink controls in
the science lab. She has maintained 100% accuracy on this skill over several weeks.
When she has to wash her hands in the restroom at Burger Barn next week, it is
anticipated that she will independently use the water controls. The generalization
technique being used here is:
a. Train Loosely
b. Train and Hope
c. Use Indiscriminable Contingencies
d. Program Common Stimuli
The Law of Effect is associated with what behavioral principle?
a. Reinforcement
b. Extinction
c. Punishment
d. Antecedent prompting
Mrs. Jones has repeatedly attempted to reduce Jonathon’s behavior of rushing through
his daily worksheets. His behavior results in increased errors as well as illegible
handwriting on his worksheets. Mrs. Jones decided to reinforce Jonathon every time he
turns in a neatly printed worksheet. Which of the following procedures has Mrs. Jones
employed?
a. DRO
b. positive reinforcement
c. extinction
d. DRL
Which of the following is NOT considered a behavior rating scale?
a. A-B-C Descriptive Analysis
b. Functional Analysis Screening Tool (FAST)
c. Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS)
d. Problem Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ)
While both self reinforcement and self punishment strategies have been successfully
used, self reinforcement may be preferred because:
a. reinforcement is only for increasing behaviors
b. reinforcement is an easier concept for children to understand
c. punishment may concentrate children’s’ awareness on their failure and may maximize
fear of failure
d. all of the above
Verbal structure should include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. specificity
b. economy
c. consequences
d. reinforcement
Training of stimuli observed in both training and generalization settings is best
described as:
a. use of indiscriminable contingencies
b. common stimuli programming
c. training loosely
d. train and hope methodology
Interval and time sampling data may be reported as:
a. number and rate
b. percent and number
c. only rate
d. only percent
When using a planned ignoring procedure, the teacher should:
a. reinforce other students’ appropriate behaviors
b. comment on the inappropriate behavior
c. place a dunce cap on the student’s head
d. none of the above
When presented with a fast food menu at Burger Barn, Brooke will place her order
within 30 seconds, 8 out of 10 trials over 3 consecutive weeks. This objective represents
the _____________ level of response competence.
a. Generalization
b. Fluency
c. Acquisition
d. Maintenance
_______________ are phases of an intervention during which different approaches or
techniques are used.
a. Conditions
b. Intervals
c. Sessions
d. Time Samples
When a teacher requires a student to perform all the steps in sequence until the entire
task is mastered, she is using what instructional technique?
a. Backward chaining
b. Forward chaining
c. Total task presentation
d. Behavioral chaining
Theorists who explain human behavior based on physical influences employ which of
the following explanations?
a. cognitive
b. biophysical
c. cognitive
d. behavioral
The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system used most often by teachers. Which
of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?
a. If you stay outside for 10 more minutes, then you must do your entire math problems
b. If you finish all your work, then you may have free time for 10 minutes
c. If you are the line leader for today, then you must be quiet during study period
d. If you get a drink of water, then you must stay in your seat the rest of the day
_____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon.
a. Time out
b. Reinforcement
c. Contingency contracting
d. Response cost
The stimuli that occasion or signal the opportunity to perform a behavior are known as:
a. Antecedents
b. Behaviors
c. Consequences
d. Preceding variables
Use of an extinction procedure may result in:
a. induced aggression
b. initial increase in behavior
c. spontaneous recovery
d. all of the above
Self-recording appears to be most effective in:
a. identifying necessary variations in intervention
b. maintaining behavior changes resulting from traditional, teacher-managed strategies
c. determining antecedents to behavior change
d. increasing task fluency and the rate at which reinforcers are delivered
Pairing stimuli so that an unconditioned stimulus elicits a response is known as all
of the following EXCEPT:
a. Pavlovian
b. classical
c. respondent conditioning
d. shaping
Event recording must be used with behaviors that are
a. Continuous
b. Vague
c. Discrete
d. Open-ended
Which of the following is missing from the following graph?
a. student identification
b. ordinate label
c. data paths
d. abscissa
Shaping should be used when:
a. combinations of reinforcement, prompting, or chaining have failed
b. students are highly resistant to behavioral change
c. the terminal behavior is not in the student’s repertoire
d. a shaping procedure is always the first choice
Self-management strategies have been used with which of the following students:
a. students with severe disabilities
b. students with mild disabilities
c. students at-risk
d. all of the above
Mr. Henderson wanted to stop Elijah’s hand flapping. He consulted with the IEP
committee and they decided to use hand weight to make the hand flapping more
difficult in order to reduce the behavior. The behavioral procedure employed is
_______.
a. DRI
b. sensory extinction
c. positive reinforcement
d. none of the above
What is considered the aim for a “reliable” percent of agreement for data collection?
a. 75%
b. 70%
c. 90%
d. 80%