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Who is not associated with the object-relations approach?
a. Heinz Kohut
b. Otto Kernberg
c. Erik Erikson
d. Margaret Mahler
e. Anna Freud
Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.
c. the differentiation between self and others.
d. all of these.
According to Yalom, the concern(s) that make(s) up the core of existential
psychodynamics
is/are:
a. death.
b. freedom.
c. isolation.
d. meaninglessness.
e. all of these.
Which theory operates on the premises that all relationship problems are in the present
and must be solved in the present, and that once the significant relationship is
improved, the troubling symptom will disappear?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. reality therapy
Which of the following strategies reflects an evolution in behavior therapy?
a. mindfulness/acceptance interventions
b. classical conditioning
c. reinforcement strategies based on operant learning
d. systematic desensitization
e. the empty chair technique
The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
a. explore sources of childhood trauma.
b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
d. bring about catharsis.
A counselor using an integrative approach to working with Stan would be most
concerned with:
a. holding Stan accountable for his problems.
b. conducting a comprehensive assessment as a basis for determining which techniques
to
use with Stan.
c. finding a theoretical model that best explains Stan's condition.
d. understanding Stan from multiple perspectives and developing a thoughtful and
flexible
treatment plan tailored to his unique characteristics.
Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be
harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change
in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to
work through his issues. They are:
a. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to
counseling.
b. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a
therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.
c. acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they
recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be
projected onto clients.
d. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should
offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the
agency.
Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize
that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening to them?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. existential therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
_________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its
conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.
a. Albert Bandura.
b. Joseph Wolpe.
c. B.F. Skinner.
d. Arnold Lazarus.
e. Alan Kazdin.
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. reality therapy
e. existential therapy
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or
her analyst?
a. The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.
b. The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an
erroneous comment.
c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible,
scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile.
d. The client is encouraged to use 'solution talk" and avoid talking about problems.
REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and
behavioral problems?
a. the phenomenological method
b. the empirical method
c. the Gestalt method
d. the philosophical method
Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development
depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development?
a. narrative therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
Which therapeutic approach would place the least emphasis on having Stan explore his
feelings about his ex-wife?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. person-centered therapy
Which of the following is not true about technical eclecticism ?
a. It enables counselors to be creative with their treatments.
b. It is aimed at finding the best intervention for a specific client's problem.
c. It enables counselors to use a variety of techniques without the dangers of combining
contradictory theoretical models.
d. It is inappropriate for diverse client populations.
Which of the following approaches is not easily applied to group counseling?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. none of the above
The preferred alternative to traditional diagnosis and assessment of feminist therapists
is:
a. power analysis.
b. gender role analysis.
c. lifestyle analysis.
d. analysis of transference and resistance.
Which method is not employed in REBT?
a. the "homework assignment" method
b. the contract method
c. the logical analysis method
d. behavioral and action methods
e. free association
Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple
realities and multiple truths?
a. behavior therapy
b. postmodern approaches
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. reality therapy
Person-centered therapy puts faith in the client's:
a. ability to uncover repressed experiences.
b. ability to integrate their polarities.
c. capacity for recognizing how birth order affects their choices.
d. capacity for self-direction.
e. ability to change their belief system.
The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion
that:
a. reality is objectively defined.
b. reality is based on the use of language.
c. reality is socially constructed.
d. each individual experiences their own unique reality.
Looking at the client from a subjective (rather than an objective) viewpoint is stressed
in which therapy approach(es)?
a. narrative
b. existential
c. person-centered
d. Adlerian
e. all of the above
Reality therapy is:
a. active.
b. directive.
c. practical.
d. based on choice theory.
e. all of the above.
In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:
a. the time to explore past trauma.
b. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for
implementing procedures.
c. highly structured with the aim of changing cognitions.
d. conducive to restructuring one's personality.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) Michael White, (b) Albert Ellis, (c) Insoo Kim Berg, (d) Steve de Shazer, (e)
Harlene Anderson
A potential limitation of the family systems model is:
a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.
b. the systemic perspective can be overwhelming for the therapist.
c. family therapy is not well-suited to working with diverse clients.
d. an emphasis on family systems precludes a focus on emotions.
What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice?
a. social
b. environmental
c. cultural
d. biological
e. all of these
Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because
of "what people might think?"
a. role playing
b. desensitization
c. cognitive homework
d. shame-attacking exercises
e. changing one's language
Haley has difficulty turning down dates and consistently allows men to take advantage
of her. A behavioral intervention that may help Haley establish appropriate boundaries
with others and speak up for herself is:
a. stress inoculation training.
b. anger management.
c. assertion training.
d. EMDR.
e. In vivo flooding.
Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and
evaluation?
a. behavior therapy
b. existential therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. reality therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Stan frequently engages in thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms. Through
this process of dichotomous thinking, Stan has self-defeating labels and boxes that keep
him restricted. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
e. polarized thinking
Stan's person-centered therapist would see him as a man who:
a. needs help in setting goals.
b. has unresolved issues from his past.
c. must face the fact that he is ultimately alone.
d. needs to learn to live with his anxiety.
e. possesses the necessary resources for personal growth.
Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power
they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote
understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.
Solution-focused therapists often use scaling questions.
Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy
suburban clients.
Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.
Therapists are encouraged to use positive regard for clients only as a means of shaping
their behavior.
Reality therapists ask clients to take a hard look at whether their current actions are
working for them.
Multiple relationship issues can be resolved with ethics codes alone.
Therapists need to be free of conflicts before they can counsel others.
Encouragement is a part of the Adlerian counseling process.
There is little empirical support for the application of the cognitive behavioral approach
to group counseling.
Glasser recommends that therapists look back for the causes of a client's present
failures.
Adler and Freud created very different theories, even though both men grew up in the
same city in the same era and were educated as physicians at the same university.
A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist
relationship rather than on techniques.
Adlerians maintain that change is not possible without insight; understanding the causes
of one's problems is a prerequisite to behavioral change.
The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to
help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.
In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in
a client's life was not prominent.
