The Pareto Chart shows data that would be valuable to a planning team. What would be
included in this chart?
a. Tracking of individual students
b. Tracking of consequences
c. Overall percentages of students in program
d. Cumulative percentage line across the chart, depicting percentages
Which of the following is included in the detached open-ended narrative?
a. Blank pages
b. No Questions
c. Empty categories
d. All of the above
Delpit (2006) discusses why educators are not culturally responsive. Which of the
following reasons apply to this research?
a. Teacher and leadership programs do not address adequately cultural understanding.
b. There is a low level of interaction between educators from the dominant culture to
the families and communities of students from low socioeconomic and racial/ethnic
minority groups.
c. Inquiry fosters the differences between cultures.
d. All of the above
The four stages of cognitive development demonstrated how the adult could learn from
concrete operations to formal operations and end with post formal operations. This
progress from simplistic to more complex interactions shows how the teachers can
demonstrate different roles in learning and facilitating knowledge. Which one of the
following theorist developed the cognitive approach?
a. Levine
b. Butler
c. Piaget
d. Marzick
After the listening to the alternatives presented by the supervisor, the teacher was asked
to provide input during Step Six. The teacher may offer to further clarification on the
student behaviors in the classroom or may react to the supervisor’s suggested
alternatives. During this process, the supervisor use the following behavior:
a. Listening
b. Clarifying
c. Reinforcing
d. All of these
Guided discussion encourages the group to stay focused on the issue. What are some
examples for guided discussions?
a. Focus Discussion ” I wonder if we have spent enough time on these issues. Should
we move on?
b. Broaden Participation ” What other phases of the problem should be explored?
c. Limit Participation ” I am wondering if someone else might like to make some
remarks?
d. All of the above
Dynamic schools can be described as
a. possessing the capacity for continuous change
b. continually meeting the needs of students, communities, and society
c. following a historical framework and approach to instruction
d. all of these
Ornstein (1990) discusses the concept of teaching style in relationship to
a. the development of their own repertoire.
b. multiple sets of teacher types or styles.
c. the teacher choice and comfort.
d. the learning styles of students that are being taught.
Educational policy in the United States reinforces inequities present in society. What
are the characteristics of this failed educational policy?
a. Funding inequities
b. Variation of skilled teachers working with minority students
c. Equitable salary structure for teachers
d. All of these
Which of the following conditions were described in Lois Thies-Sprinthall’s (1984)
research on psychological/cognitive growth?
a. Balance between real experiences/discussion/reflection
b. Continuous guided reflection
c. Continuity
d. All of these
Which of the following should be included in the process of evaluating the overall
instructional program?
a. Areas
b. Identification of specific questions
c. Design
d. Results
Group development includes
a. revision of curriculum
b. decision-making on mutual instructional concerns
c. building cultural proficiency
d. all of the above
Educational biographies, that encourage storytelling and creating one’s narrative, is an
example of narratives in adult learning. What is the beneficial benefit?
a. Understanding how their learning was shaped
b. Understanding the learning in students
c. Changing goals and objectives
d. Writing stories in the community
Sternberg’s (1985, 1990) triarchic theory of intelligence consists of the following
subtheories:
a. Contextual, which deals with socially influenced abilities
b. Componential, which is cognitive processing
c. Experiential, which is assessing intelligence through mental components
d. All of these
Action research is key to the plan for instructional improvement. Which of the
following activities would be included in this action research?
a. Professional development
b. Curriculum development
c. Nondirective assistance
d. Mentoring
Nominal group technique may include which of the following techniques:
a. Round-robin organization
b. Small group interaction
c. Individual participation
d. All of above
What are the ways that traditional research differs from action research?
a. Traditional research uses outside experts to develop new knowledge through
quantitative or qualitative methods.
b. Action research uses practitioners to solve practical problems through quantitative
and qualitative methods.
c. The standard for quality research is through peer review (traditional research) and
action research (results based upon desired change).
d. The primary audience is other researchers (traditional research) and members of the
school community (action research).
Which of the following leader’s prerequisites reflect the scope of his/her supervisory
role that leads to improved student learning?
a. Observing, planning, and assessing instructional improvement
b. Positive and change-oriented relationships
c. Knowledge in adult and teacher development
d. All of above
Cultural responsiveness includes
a. incorporating the customs and languages of diverse students
b. creating ability tracking to highlight the learning needs of students
c. engaging in discourse with community members
d. using sensitive assessments to measure students’ progress
Which of the following is not the correct definition for data techniques?
a. Affinity diagram clusters needs and identify broad goals.
b. Impact analysis chart discusses the historical effect on the stakeholders.
c. Gantt charts display graphs that describe the intermediate steps in the process.
d. Force field analysis discusses the competing forces in the change process.
Supervision is based upon which of the following philosophy frameworks?
a. Essentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Existentialism
d. All of them
Hall and Hord (2006) describe the stages of concern about innovation. Which would be
included in this description?
a. Development levels range from lowest (informational) to highest (refocusing)
b. To move from one concern to another, faculty will reveal certain expressions to the
supervisors or change levels.
c. The stages affect the self, task, and impact on the institution
d. All of these
In what ways can classroom culture be improved?
a. Instill democratic principles that are appropriate for student’s maturity
b. Demonstrate understanding and compassion by teachers and students
c. Provide a safe and affirming community
d. Respect for all cultures
What activities were incorporated in site based program development?
a. Interviews with participants
b. Analysis of videotapes about classroom instruction
c. Direct observations
d. Pre and post inventories
Supervisory flexibility is the ability to
a. closely monitor reactions from the teachers or group.
b. plan and implement approaches for different groups.
c. shift gears.
d. maintain the course.
Edward Deming (1986) stated that analyzing organization needs included the
a. use of data displays.
b. examination of external and internal factors.
c. artifacts from employees.
d. all of above.
In the final processing with the teacher, the supervisor will want the teacher to
summarize what he/she has heard and what he/she will need to do. What supervisory
behavior is used during Step Eight?
a. Clarifying
b. Standardizing
c. Reinforcing
d. All of these
Tanner and Tanner (2007) discuss the levels of teachers and local schools functioning in
curriculum development. What are the characteristics of these three levels?
a. Level 1 ” Imitative Maintenance relies on isolated skill-development activities, which
are developed through the use of textbooks, workbooks and routine activities.
b. Level II ” Mediative relies on the integration of curriculum content that deals with
emergent conditions through the use of a wide range of resources.
c. Level III ” Creative Generative relies on the use of generalizations and problems as
the centers of curriculum organization, which is designed by the teachers and the whole
school.
d. All of the above.
How would the leader deal with a dysfunctional member of a group?
a. Determine if his/her leadership behaviors are appropriate for most members.
b. Observe the member.
c. Establish rules for future behaviors.
d. Communicate with the member.
Why is evaluating the school’s overall instructional program different from evaluating
specific programs? The emphasis is on
a. school-wide reform.
b. teacher evaluation.
c. school and community participation.
d. all of these.