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When does actual reading by parents usually begin?
a. End of the first year
b. End of the second year
c. End of the third year
d. End of the fourth year
Much of preschool syntactic and morphologic development can be described with
__________________.
a. Size of vocabulary
b. Measures of complexity
c. MLU
d. T-units
Exner's area is important for
a. Activating the muscles used in writing
b. Activating the muscles of the articulators
c. Activating the muscles of the larynx
d. Activating the muscles of the respiratory system
A verbal routine or unanalyzed chunk of language often used in everyday conversation
is called a ______________.
a. Script
b. Formula
c. Substitution
d. Recast
The ________________ is the largest portion of the brain.
a. Cerebrum
b. Midbrain
c. Cerebellum
d. Cortex
In IDS, a mother's use of __________________ predicts earlier learning of the word
being represented.
a. Core vocabulary
b. Pitch range
c. Iconic gestures
d. Short sentences
African American children with the highest use of AAE seem to have
_______________________________.
a. The biggest deficits in vocabulary
b. The most complex syntax
c. The most consistent use of word final consonants
d. Fewer phonological processes
Antonyms are words that
a. Differ in the value of one feature
b. Differ in the value of all features
c. Share almost identical features
d. None of the above
A(n) ________________________ is a group of words that functions as a single
distinct syntactic unit that is less than a sentence and does not contain both a subject
and a predicate.
a. Preposition
b. Article
c. Phrase
d. Modifier
Both the quality and quantity of parent-child interaction decrease with
______________________.
a. Background television
b. Single parenthood
c. Cross-language adoption
d. Bilingualism
__________________________ is/are the best predictor of spelling ability in
elementary school.
a. Processing speed
b. Phonological awareness skills
c. Literacy exposure
d. Inferencing ability
___________________ are a baby's cognitive structures used for processing incoming
sensory information.
a. Mental maps
b. Concepts
c. Schemes
d. Representations
During the first month, an infant may use a _________________ when he/she
recognizes someone.
a. Gesture
b. PCF
c. Protoword
d. Social smile
The _________________ concentrates on disordered communication including the
causes of disorder, the evaluation of the extent of the disorder, and the remediation
process.
a. Linguist
b. Psycholinguist
c. Sociolinguist
d. Behavioral psychologist
e. Speech-language pathologist
During the Preintentional stage, an infant's behavior is initially characterized by
_______________ in which he/she attends to stimuli with diffuse and undifferentiated
behaviors.
a. Joint reference
b. Turn-taking
c. Attentional interactions
d. Contingency interactions
The ________________________ function is used to maintain communication by
directing attention or by requesting additional or misinterpreted information.
a. Control
b. Representational
c. Tutorial
d. Procedural
Intonation, stress or emphasis, speed or rate of delivery, and pause or hesitation are
a. Metalinguistic cues
b. Paralinguistic codes
c. Nonlinguistic cues
d. Proxemic cues
Children seem to respond best to verbal commands that are slightly above their
production level, suggesting ______________________________________.
a. Children are used to hearing commands
b. Children are generally compliant
c. Parents should target language production
d. Comprehension above their level of production
The sense of plot is increasingly clear after age ___________.
a. 5
b. 7
c. 8
d. 10
During play, maternal gazing may occur up to _________________ of the time
simultaneous with vocalization.
a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 55%
d. 70%
___________________ facilitate a child's turn in a conversation by prompting a child's
next response.
a. Expansions
b. Extensions
c. Reformulations
d. Turnabouts
___________________________ is/are a speech process in which sounds that will be
produced later in an utterance are anticipated and the mouth is moved into position on
an earlier speech sound.
a. Anticipation
b. Coarticulation
c. Articulatory set
d. Morphophonemic changes
Mothers in the U.S. may modify word order to place __________________ in more
prominent positions.
a. Nouns
b. Verbs
c. Prepositions
d. Adjectives
_______________________ consist of a series of events in which changes cause other
changes with no goal-directed behaviors; consists of setting, initiating event, and action
attempts.
a. Descriptive sequences
b. Action sequences
c. Reaction sequences
d. Abbreviated episodes
In general, the earlier the wh-word is acquired, ___________________________.
a. The more likely it is to be used in a tag question
b. The less likely it is to be negated
c. The less likely the verb is to be inverted
d. The more likely the verb is to be inverted
The ________________________ function is used to discuss entities and events and to
ask for information.
a. Representational
b. Expressive
c. Social
d. Tutorial
At which level of text comprehension do older adults have comparable performance to
younger adults?
a. Surface text
b. Content
c. Integration of text
d. All of the above
Semantically, _______________________ is/are used to express moods or attitudes
such as ability, permission, intent, possibility, and obligation.
a. Modal auxiliaries
b. Helping verbs
c. True auxiliary verbs
d. The copula
Definitional skills are related to the acquisition of ___________________.
a. Narratives
b. Mature syntactic forms
c. Metalinguistics
d. Semantic maps
Gestures appear around age ___________ due to increased activation of the
____________.
a. 6 months; prefrontal cortex
b. 8 months; prefrontal cortex
c. 6 months; motor strip
d. 8 months; motor strip
The most frequent phonological process found in children under 30 months is
________________________.
a. Open syllables
b. Consonant cluster reduction
c. Reduplication
d. Diminutives
____________________ is how a set of utterances is used to convey a message.
a. Pragmatics
b. Conversation
c. Dialogue
d. Discourse
Speakers of AAE may _____________________________________________.
a. Have more difficulty with reading and spelling
b. Have more difficulty imitating sentences in the majority dialect
c. Be offered more employment opportunities
d. Be offered higher-paying positions
________________________ is one of the primary ways by which adults increase their
vocabulary and knowledge.
a. Reading
b. Conversation
c. Narration
d. Writing
Because many linguists concluded there was no single formal grammar adequate to
account for all languages, a _____________ basis was suggested.
a. Sensorimotor
b. Semantic-cognitive
c. Syntactic-pragmatic
d. Lexical
Describe the play of children beginning to combine words.
What is the difference between linguistic competence and linguistic performance?
In which language functions does the right hemisphere play a large role?
What are the four steps of information processing?
What are three factors that affect a child's ability to answer questions?
How does syllable stress contribute to memory?
Describe the difference between reflexive and vegetative sounds.
What three factors determine whether adults use style shifting?
Briefly, what is the child-directed speech?
What is communicative competence?
Name and give examples of the three general types of overextensions.
What are the four maxims of the Cooperation Principle?
What are the six techniques parents use when creating opportunities for their children to
communicate?
Briefly explain how we know speech is not an essential feature of language.
Define morphemes, free morphemes, and bound morphemes.
What are the interactive mechanisms involved in working memory and what are their
functions?
How is information transferred to long-term memory?
What are the components of the brainstem and what general function do they serve?
What is the foundation for infant-caregiver face-to-face exchanges.
