Children under age 7 are not susceptible to group pressure because they
a. have limited understanding of the relationships between objects, events, and people.
b. are in the stage of concrete operational thought.
c. have little opportunity for social interaction.
d. cannot share.
Which of the following is a difference between traditional and modern societies?
a. The traditional society looks to the past for ways to behave; a modern society looks
to the present.
b. A modern society values its elders; the traditional society does not.
c. Traditional societies tend to use achieved status; modern societies do not.
d. None of these; traditional and modern societies are the same.
Compared to other children, children with disabilities are
a. at more risk of being abused.
b. at less risk for being abused.
c. equally likely to be abused.
d. never abused.
Obesity in children and adolescents is a major concern because
a. it is associated with social and psychological problems.
b. many children have at least one additional risk factor for heart disease.
c. they are more likely to become overweight adults.
d. all of these.
According to your text, which of the following is a reason why children try behaviors
they see on television?
a. Television removes an unpleasant stimulus; children are eager to try this.
b. Children like the collaborative (group process) aspects of television.
c. Television provides an opportunity for generativity.
d. Children see individuals being rewarded on television.
Which of the following best characterizes changes in the role of fatherhood over
historical time?
a. Economic provider to caregiver/nurturer
b. Patriarchal to matriarchal
c. More involved to less involved
d. Caregiver to worker
The city of Richfield installed a playground made of old lumber, tires, crates, bricks,
and rocks. Which of the following should we expect?
a. Children using this playground will be more involved in expressing ideas and
fantasies than children using the two other types of playgrounds.
b. Preschool children will use this playground the most.
c. Teenagers will use this playground less than they would other types of playgrounds.
d. All children will use this playground; usage rates will not vary by developmental age.
Which of the following was a finding in the research conducted by Spitz (1946)?
a. It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers than it was for infants to be
raised by group care in a foundling home.
b. It was better for infants to be raised in a foundling home than in prison.
c. It made no difference who raised the infants.
d. It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers in prison only if the mother was
over 35.
Advances in television broadcasting have created changes in millions of U.S. families
in
a. sleep habits.
b. conversation patterns.
c. meal arrangements.
d. all of these.
Rituals that signify changes in individuals’ status as they move through the cycle of life
are referred to as which of the following?
a. Rites of passage
b. Cultural stereotypes
c. Values
d. Mastery motivations
Youth Build, a program in which adolescents build and renovate low-cost housing, is
thought to be successful because of its
a. caring staff.
b. commitment of the staff.
c. sense of family and community among members.
d. all of these.
According to White (1971) and others, the mothers of competent children
a. created a safe physical environment at home.
b. did not provide interesting things for their children to manipulate.
c. were not tolerant of messes or accidents.
d. used distraction only if their children were over age 1 year.
A key factor preventing foster families from adopting their foster children is
a. loss of federal monetary support if the foster child is adopted.
b. private insurance companies are reluctant to cover preexisting conditions.
c. loss of federal support for medical expenses if the foster child is adopted.
d. all of these.
The extent to which modeling influences behavior depends on the
a. situation.
b. model.
c. observer.
d. all of these.
In the United States, how many children have access to computers at school?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 50%
d. Nearly all
Kelly has a child who is very active and distractible. Kelly has worked hard over the
years to adjust her expectations to meet the needs of this child. Based on this
information, one would say Kelly has worked hard to develop
a. goodness of fit.
b. rhythmicity.
c. fixations.
d. her child’s ethnic awareness.
According to your text, children are most susceptible to the influence of peers during
a. infancy.
b. early childhood.
c. middle childhood.
d. adolescence.
A child aged 9 to 15 is likely in which stage of friendship, according to Selman and
Selman?
a. One-way assistance
b. Two-way, fair-weather cooperation
c. Intimate, mutually shared relationships
d. Authoritative
You observe 3-year-old Karla standing in one corner of your preschool room. She is
watching the other children play and occasionally talking to them. We would classify
Karla’s actions as _________ play.
a. solitary
b. onlooker
c. parallel
d. associative
The type of learning environment in which each student expects to have an equal
chance of winning and to enjoy the activity (win or lose) is called
a. cooperative.
b. individualized.
c. competitive.
d. self-paced.
Bob lost his job. Based on national trends, what is Bob at risk for beyond living in
poverty?
a. Increased problems within his family of procreation
b. Alcoholism
c. Loss of self-worth
d. All of these
The perception, acquired through negative experiences, that effort has no effect on
outcomes is termed
a. perception.
b. zone of proximal development.
c. learned helplessness.
d. risk.
Children score higher on cognitive and academic tests when their parents have finished
a. high school only.
b. high school and at least some college.
c. high school and at least a bachelor’s degree.
d. none of these; parents’ educational level is not related to achievement.
Jalonda is a teacher who would like to enhance the moral development of her class.
Based on research, which of the following is something Jalonda should try?
a. Present moral dilemmas to the class.
b. Have group discussions on moral issues.
c. Ask student question about moral issues.
d. All of these are correct.
Examples of “restraining socialization forces” include
a. punishment.
b. guilt.
c. opinions of others.
d. all of these.
An example of a tangible support is
a. sharing toys.
b. giving advice.
c. companionship.
d. empathy.
Neurological studies of children’s brains indicate activity in which area(s) of the brain
when children view violent television shows?
a. Episodic memory
b. Arousal
c. Attention
d. All of these
Which of the following refers to the type of aggression in which the goal is to harm
another person?
a. Instrumental
b. Egotistical
c. Hostile
d. Altruistic
Mary’s agency offers many programs, all aimed at reducing the stress and strains of life
while offering solutions to problems before they occur. Mary’s agency is best described
as
a. preventive.
b. supportive.
c. rehabilitative.
d. combination.
The National and Community Service Trust Act, which was passed in 1993, does what?
a. Makes military service compulsory (required)
b. Gives grants to schools to develop and implement school involvement projects
c. Requires all students to complete high school
d. Provides rules for the establishment of alternative schools in neighborhoods
Preadolescent children are beginning to struggle with
a. trust vs. mistrust.
b. autonomy vs. doubt.
c. preoperations.
d. identity vs. identity confusion.
Which of the following is not correlated with juvenile gang activity?
a. Living in a poor neighborhood with poor-quality schools
b. Having few opportunities for recreation
c. Living in an area where there is a subculture of adult criminal activity
d. Intense parental supervision
Following self-chosen ethical principles is characteristic of the _________ stage of
morality.
John Locke’s best known concept is that of the _________.
Describe the influence of peers on the acquisition of knowledge about sex and sexuality.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The family ensures that the society’s population will be maintained. This an example of
the ___________ function of a family.
Drawing upon the positive and negative influences of video gaming described in your
text, write a persuasive argument for or against their continued distribution and use by
children and adolescents.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Joint _________ custody divides decision-making authority for the child between the
divorcing parents.
Describe how a teacher-directed model differs from a learner-directed model on the
dimensions of structure, management, curriculum, motivation, and method.
Answer:Answer not provided.
A style of insensitive, indifferent parenting with few demands or rules is _________.
Generally, the intellectual performance of children who attend a quality day care
program is _________ than that of children from similar family backgrounds who do
not attend a day care program or who attend one of poor quality.
When individual test scores are compared to norms on scientifically selected items, the
process is called _________ testing.
Describe how family interactions vary by socioeconomic status. Include in your
discussion the difference between ascribed and achieved status, as well as differences in
opportunity across socioeconomic groups.
Answer:Answer not provided.
When a child states that the reasons for doing something are to avoid punishment, the
child is likely in the _________ stage of morality.
The number of people occupying a certain area of space is called _________.
Physical attack and disapproval from a peer group are examples of _________
reinforcers.
The playground in Mary’s neighborhood has sculptures on which the children can
climb, crawl, and slide. The playground in Mary’s neighborhood would be considered
_________.