If choice theory is the highway, reality therapy is the:
a. vehicle delivering the product.
b. roadmap.
c. moving truck taking the product with it.
d. exit to leave the highway.
Wolpe’s systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. modeling.
d. motivational interviewing.
Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize
that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening tothem?
a. Psychoanalytic therapy
b. Existential therapy
c. Behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
What is nota part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
a. Exploration of one’s family constellation
b. Selecting goals
c. Selfmonitoring
d. A self-reinforcement system
Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is (are) a contribution of choice theory/reality therapy?
a. It helps clients deal emotionally with unfinished business from their past.
b. It provides insight into the causes of one’s problems.
c. It is relatively short-term focused on dealing with conscious behavioral problems.
d. Most of its concepts have been subjected to empirical testing.
From a person-centered perspective, the best source of knowledge about the client is
the:
a. individual client.
b. therapist.
c. client’s family.
d. therapeutic relationship.
The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant
evidence is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
By the late 1970s, the most used models in family systems therapy are:
a. behavioral approaches.
b. structural-strategic approaches.
c. the family process approach.
d. existential approaches.
Natalie Rogers is no longer an active contributor to the person-centered approach.
a. True
b. False
The __________ assesses the client’s therapeutic progress through ratings of a client’s
personal experience of well-being in his or her individual, interpersonal, and social
functioning.
a. Session Rating Scale
b. Outcome Rating Scale
c. Income Rating Scale
d. Termination Rating Scale
In the strengths-based CBT four step model to build resilience, a key to the fourth stage
of therapy is that the client:
a. sets a goal to “be resilient in the face of challenges.”
b. avoids exploring possible high-risk stressful situations.
c. learns that a lapse in willpower will have catastrophic results.
d. will undergo hypnosis.
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and
provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?
a. Reorganization
b. Family mapping
c. Restructuring
d. Reframing
ethics focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients.
a. Mandatory
b. Minimal
c. Positive
d. Aspirational
The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because the:
a. approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.
b. approach has few rigid techniques.
c. focus on early recollections allows clients to explore their past.
d. focus on a lifestyle assessment is appealing to most cultures.
In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is:
a. assessment.
b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship.
c. diagnosis.
d. brief course of treatment.
Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming
responsibility in the present.
a. True
b. False
Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following
except:
a. dreams.
b. posthypnotic suggestions.
c. freeassociation.
d. material derived from introspective techniques.
Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person’s belief system is the cause
of emotional problems?
a. Solution-focused brief therapy
b. Existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. Cognitive behavior therapy
_refers to the range of methods aimed at helping clients understand how unequal access
to power and resources can influence personal realities.
a. Gender-role intervention
b. Power analysis
c. Assertiveness training
d. Bibliotherapy
The main function of the egois to:
a. inhibit id impulses.
b. seek pleasure in life.
c. mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. strive for perfection.
According to the text, positive ethics is an approach taken by practitioners:
a. who do what is mandated by professional standards.
b. who want to do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to
stay out of trouble.
c. who strive for the highest level of ethical practice.
d. who strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client’s best
interest.
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
a. makes life absurd.
b. makes life meaningless and hopeless.
c. gives significance to living.
d. should not be explored in therapy.
Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text:
a. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course.
b. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one’s graduate program.
c. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.
d. rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal.
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
a. While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be
learned, developed, and used.
b. Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though
it was something to which they should aspire.
c. In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on
addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
d. The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler
incorporated it into his theory.
The broad scope of feminist thought goes far beyond gender considerations. _issues are
equally relevant to the therapeutic enterprise.
a. Behavioral and cognitive
b. Person-centered
c. Multicultural and social justice
d. Diagnostic
Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best
described as:
a. displacement.
b. introjection.
c. reaction formation.
d. projection.
_is described as teaching and promoting assertive behavior; women become aware of
their interpersonal rights, transcend stereotypical gender roles, change negative beliefs,
and implement changes in their daily life.
a. Bibliotherapy
b. Power analysis
c. Assertiveness training
d. Gender-role intervention
Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally
competent counselor?
a. Knowing how to analyze transference reactions
b. Understanding the dynamics and impact of oppression and racism
c. Being able to understand the worldview of their clients, and learn about their clients’
cultural background
d. Being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from utilizing the mental
health services available in their community
One narrative technique for consolidating the gains a client makes involves a therapist
writing letters to the person.
This is:
a. externalization and deconstruction.
b. search for unique outcomes.
c. alternative stories and reauthoring.
d. documenting the evidence.
A comprehensive approach to counseling:
a. goes beyond understanding our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental
and systemic realities that influence us.
b. focuses almost exclusively on the client’s internal dynamics.
c. focuses primarily on the therapist’s internal reactions to the client’s behavior.
d. focuses only on systemic factors.
In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:
a. “The Question.”
b. reauthoring one’s life story.
c. value judgments.
d. interpretation.
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Roll May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Existential anxiety is the unavoidable result of being confronted with the “givens of
existence.”
a. True b. False
A meta-analysis of research on therapeutic effectiveness found that the personal and
interpersonal components are, at best, only moderately related to effective
psychotherapy.
a. True
b. False