Which of the following is not true about the Adlerian concept of “private logic”?
a. It is a result of the feelings and emotions we experience in our daily lives.
b. It provides a central psychological unity for us.
c. It is the philosophy upon which we base our lifestyle.
d. It often does not conform to the reality of social living.
A central goal of Motivational Interviewing is to:
a. access unconscious material in order to bring it into consciousness and work through
it.
b. increase internal motivation to change based on the personal goals and values of
clients.
c. increase extrinsic motivation.
d. increase social interest.
e. create a new narrative for clients that builds their self-esteem.
The person-centered view of human nature:
a. views people as basically competitive.
b. states that humans are driven by irrational forces.
c. affirms a person’s capacity to direct his or her own life.
d. assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain
stagnant.
This approach does not involve a phenomenological orientation.
a. Adlerian therapy
b. reality therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. all of the above involve a phenomenological orientation.
In group settings, behavior therapists provide all of the following except:
a. modeling.
b. teaching of new skills.
c. little direct feedback.
d. directive support of clients.
When the feminist therapist intervenes to increase Ruth’s insight about how societal
gender-role expectations adversely affect women, the therapist is using:
a. reframing.
b. cognitive restructuring.
c. gender-role and power analysis.
d. social action strategies.
e. exploration of injunctions and early decisions.
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:
a. keep themselves from facing unfinished business.
b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.
c. keep from having to change.
d. all of these
What type of therapist is most likely to take a 5 to 10 minute break toward the end of
each session to formulate feedback for the client?
a. solution-focused therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. psychodynamic therapy
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of
Gestalt therapy?
a. assessment
b. the here and now
c. the authentic encounter
d. process-oriented diagnosis
e. the paradoxical theory of change
The founder of reality therapy is:
a. Robert Wubbolding.
b. Albert Ellis.
c. David Cain.
d. William Glasser.
e. William Blau.
Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process,
it is likely that she will:
a. be taught to view any lapses that occur as “learning opportunities” rather than
“catastrophic failures.”
b. avoid exploring possible high-risk stressful situations that she could encounter.
c. learn that a lapse in willpower will have catastrophic results.
d. undergo hypnosis.
In using REBT techniques with Ruth, the therapist’s main aim is to:
a. ameliorate her presenting symptoms, such as panic or guilt.
b. help her make a profound philosophical change.
c. help her to feel better.
d. uncover unconscious dynamics that are causing present problems.
e. experience her feelings as intensely as possible.
A limitation of behavior therapy is:
a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
b. the overemphasis upon insight.
c. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques.
d. the need for long-term treatment to effect change.
e. none of these
Which therapy encourages clients to talk about the exceptions to a problem they are
experiencing?
a. person-centered therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. solution-focused therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
a. He developed Gestalt therapy.
b. During his childhood, he was a model student.
c. He was trained in psychoanalysis.
d. He gave workshops and seminars at the Esalen Institute.
e. He aroused various reactions in the people he met.
One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:
a. unconscious motivations.
b. empirical validation.
c. unleashing buried feelings.
d. precision.
e. social and psychological factors.
Diagnosis is not considered essential for therapeutic change.
a. feminist therapy
b. solution-focused therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. all of the above
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?
a. self-help procedures
b. the use of humor
c. homework assignments
d. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience
e. asking questions to get a better sense of the client’s inner world
Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid
personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to:
a. explore her early childhood experiences with being rejected.
b. consider her irrational belief to be indicative of psychopathology.
c. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and
think of times when she was accepted by others.
d. prescribe medication for her anxiety issues.
Which approach would focus on Ruth co-creating a preferred new story to replace her
problem-saturated story?
a. narrative therapy
b. cognitive behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. family systems therapy
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:
a. communicate a deep sense of understanding.
b. provide genuine support and warmth.
c. use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.
d. all of these.
The assumption that we have the capacity to understand our problems, we have the
resources within us to resolve them and that clients can move toward growth and
wholeness by looking within is central to:
a. feminist therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. Gestalt therapy.
d. existential therapy.
e. Adlerian therapy.
Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Aaron Beck
c. Judith Beck
d. Carl Rogers
e. Natalie Rogers
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following
except:
a. Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
b. Counselors feel comfortable with their clients’ values and beliefs.
c. Counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.
d. Counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when
necessary or appropriate.
Behavior therapists follow the progress of their clients through the collection of data:
a. before interventions.
b. during interventions.
c. after interventions.
d. all of the above.
e. both (a) and (c) only.
A contribution of reality therapy is that:
a. it provides insight into causes of problems.
b. it changes core beliefs.
c. it focuses on assisting clients to relive past trauma.
d. it explains childhood influences on present behavior.
e. it consists of simple and clear concepts that can be easily understood by a variety of
people in the helping professions.
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses authenticity first and technique
second?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. existential therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. family systems therapy
e. behavior therapy
Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client
populations for all of the following reasons except:
a. it was founded in a sociocultural context.
b. it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective.
c. it defines mental health within a social, political, and relational context.
d. it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more
closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.
One point of disagreement between existential and humanistic thought involves:
a. a respect for the client’s subjective experience.
b. a trust in the capacity of the client to make positive choices.
c. an emphasis on freedom.
d. the idea of an innate self-actualizing drive.
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Rollo May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Which of the following is not a part of dialectical behavior therapy?
a. the basic ID
b. exploration of early childhood traumas
c. mindfulness
d. group therapy
A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other
approaches is:
a. the therapist’s role as facilitator.
b. the length of treatment.
c. the focus on creating a collaborative spirit.
d. the focus on building genuine relationships among members.
Adlerians believe that first comes ________, then ________, and then ________.
a. feeling, behaving, thinking
b. thinking, behaving, feeling
c. thinking, feeling, behaving
d. behaving, thinking, feeling
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) A-B-C theory, (b) irrational beliefs, (c) not-knowing position, (d) cognitive
restructuring, (e) self-defeating thought patterns