Helping clients respect their lives and process their decisions is recommended by
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach to career development.
c. Myer-Briggs type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Screening methods are often used in career counseling to
a. decide which theories should be used in career counseling.
b. evaluate counselor competence.
c. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling.
d. help students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from
high school.
Growth and changes that take place within one of Super’s five stages of adult
development are referred to as
a. lifecycle
b. maxicycle
c. minicycle
d. recycling
An example of a counseling approach that is especially associated with social cognitive
career theory is
a. inquiring about planned happenstance.
b. estimating chances that barriers may be encountered.
c. using a life chapters exercise.
d. reinforcing client progress.
Which of the following statements might be used when developing value patterns that
describe a specific occupation?
a. I could show others what to do.
b. I know how to use a lathe.
c. Workers on this job show others what to do.
d. Workers on this job need to know algebra.
Which of the following is not associated with Mirvis and Hall’s (1994) concept of
“boundaryless” careers?
a. frequent job rotations.
b. temporary assignments.
c. transfers within the company.
d. unlimited security.
Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career
development?
a. Vondracek
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
Which of the following is NOT true about African American workers?
a. African American men are more subject to unemployment than white men due to
layoffs and firings.
b. African Americans, on average, earn about two thirds to half as much as white
workers.
c. African American workers have become increasingly isolated in ghetto areas of large
cities.
d. Discrimination is limited to less educated African American workers.
Theories that focus on the unequal opportunities for women and people from diverse
cultural groups are most likely to be
a. career decision-making.
b. narrative.
c. sociological and economic.
d. trait and factor.
The career development theory that focuses on the effect that actions of others have on
a client’s career choice is
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. social cognitive career theory.
c. Phillips’s theory.
d. spirituality theories.
The first step in Cochran’s narrative career counseling is
a. changing a life structure.
b. crystallizing a decision.
c. elaborating a career problem.
d. enacting a role.
Jacob is a senior in high school who is not sure of what he would like to do when he
graduates. He is not knowledgeable about work, career decision-making, and career
planning. According to Super, his counselor should first assess his
a. career maturity.
b. fantasies.
c. interests.
d. personality.
Which of these pairs of Holland types is the most consistent?
a. RI.
b. CA
c. SR
d. EI
Which of these descriptions does NOT apply to the lower sections of the labor market?
a. high turnover
b. low pay
c. low social status
d. good working conditions
Janice is concerned about what will happen if she accepts a new job with an
environmental engineering firm. According to social cognitive career theory, she is
concerned with
a. goals.
b. instrumental learning experiences.
c. outcome expectations.
d. self-efficacy concerns.
Hakim no longer wishes to be an accountant. Instead, he wants to devote full time to his
art work. He has now decided to go to law school. Hakim is now
a. decelerating.
b. holding.
c. innovating.
d. recycling.
Maria has been laid off from her job as an office manager for two years. For the first 18
months, she was quite depressed and made no efforts to find a new job. Now she
realizes that she must look for a new job, and that she will never be able to work for her
previous employer again. One of the two job interviews that she has had looks quite
promising. According to Hopson and Adams, she is likely to be in this transition stage.
a. immobilization
b. internalization
c. testing out
d. self-doubt
Which of the following is NOT one of Super’s life roles?
a. community service
b. conventional
c. studying
d. working
Which of the following theories is concerned with the concept of vocational identity?
a. general trait and factor theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. Myers-Briggs type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Using others as a sounding board in career decision-making is associated with this
approach.
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working.
c. narrative career counseling
d. Phillips’s developmental relationship model.
According to Krumboltz, which of the following is not a counseling method for dealing
with chance events?
a. Assist clients to transform curiosity into opportunities for learning and exploration.
b. Assist clients to develop harmony and unity in their lives.
c. Teach clients to produce desirable chance events.
d. Teach clients to overcome blocks to actions.
Using Super’s theory, one of the best ways for elementary guidance counselors to work
on career development issues with six year old children is to encourage
a. curiosity.
b. planfulness.
c. problem solving.
d. time perspective.
Which of Erik Erikson’s stages have had the most influence on the study of career
development in adolescence?
a. anal stage
b. fantasy stage
c. identity
d. role formation stage
According to Myers-Briggs type theory introversion is associated with
a. a concern about the welfare of others.
b. being anti-social.
c. being shy and quiet.
d. focusing on one’s inner world.
Which of the following occupational classification systems is the most complex?
a. Super’s system
b. Guide for Occupational Exploration System.
c. Holland’s system.
d. Standard Occupational Classification System.
Karen is a college senior who plans to be an electrical engineer. She is now
interviewing with potential employers to decide where she might like to work.
According to Super, she is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. holding
c. specifying
d. updating
Carson has been working as a retail store manager for five years. Now, at the age of 28,
he is considering quitting his job and going to law school. According to Arnett, he is in
this stage:
a. age of instability.
b. age of identity.
c. age of feeling in-between.
d. age of possibilities.
The dominant process for an individual with a Myers-Briggs type of ENFJ would be
a. E
b. N
c. F
d. J
Which of the following theories would be best to use?
a. A broad and comprehensive theory that is not clear enough to be tested.
b. A theory with precise but limited predictions.
c. A theory with unclear rules but interesting and creative ideas.
d. A theory with undefined terms but much popular following.
According to social cognitive career theory, lack of career self-efficacy in an individual
can lead to being to try career tasks.
a. called.
b. discouraged
c. encouraged.
d. required
Howard is a 15 year-old sophomore in high school. He has no idea what he wants to do
when he graduates from high school. According to Super, the counselor should first
assess his _____________ before starting counseling.
a. career maturity
b. interests
c. values
d. abilities