Three data points at zero level of performance is sufficient for a baseline.
Informal assessment is the most effective way to gather data for a functional analysis.
Too many rules may be inefficient.
An analysis of a problem behavior’s function is necessary for the selection of the most
effective treatment procedures.
Tangible reinforcers include things like extra time at recess or free time using the
computer.
Certain genetic characteristics may increase the probability of certain behavioral
characteristics.
Students can never be taught to be accurate in self recording.
The opposite of deprivation is satiation.
Mr. Jackson targeted Rob’s out of seat behavior for a behavior change program. He
counted 20 occurrences during a reading period. To verify his data, he asked his student
teacher to record at the same time. The student teacher recorded 18 occurrences. These
data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.
Describe how task analyses are used for teaching complex behavior chains.
Informed consent is based on full understanding of all aspects of a planned program,
including possible risks.
The treatment or intervention procedure that will be used to change a behavior is the
dependent variable.
Discrimination is the ability to tell the difference between environmental events or
stimuli.
Biophysical explanations of behavior include theories based on genetic or hereditary
factors.
It may be necessary to eliminate or reduce the rate of some student behaviors
A drug company wants to test the effectiveness of a new flue prevention drug on
500″1000 people. For this study, a single-subject experimental design would be used.
According to the psychoanalytic theory, most people fixate at a certain stage thus
becoming overeaters, smokers, verbally abusive and/or anal-retentive.
Duration data may be reported as number of occurrences, number correct, or
percentage.
A statement of the conditions under which the target behavior is to be performed is not
part of a traditional behavioral objective.
Choosing behaviors to change that will be maintained by the natural environment apply
to the Premack Principle Rule.
On a graph, data points are not connected across conditions.
Voluntary consent implies publication of goals, procedures, and results so that they may
be evaluated
Shaping is used to teach behaviors not currently in students’ repertoires.
A multiple baseline design has two phases.
The existence of a functional relation can be determined through use of a multiple
baseline design.
Miss Hoffman wants to gradually decrease her caffeine intake from an average of 8
cups of coffee or soda per day to no more than one serving per day. An appropriate
research design for Miss Hoffman to use would be the changing criterion design.
When using time sampling, the data collector records behavioral occurrence only if it
occurs at the end of an interval.
Teacher selected performance standards are often more lenient that student selected.
Recording ongoing behaviors that may continue for several intervals is known as
whole-interval recording.
General case programming involves selection of training stimuli with degrees of
sameness and difference within a stimulus class.
The overcorrection procedure which requires that the student restore or correct an
environment which he has disturbed to a condition greatly improved beyond its original
condition is restitutional overcorrection.
Maintenance is the ability to perform a response over time without reteaching.
Applied Behavior Analysis refers only to procedures derived from the experimental
analysis of human behavior.
Students frequently engage in inappropriate behaviors when
a. their schedule is interrupted
b. they lack the ability to communicate effectively
c. they are disciplined
d. they are internally stimulated
Immediacy of reinforcement delivery is necessary
a. to avoid the hazard of inadvertently reinforcing an intervening behavior
b. to establish a connection between a particular behavior and its consequences
c. to convince the student of the veracity of the contingency
d. all of the above
Objectives on the IEP include:
a. short term objective, person responsible, criteria for mastery, and review date
b. person responsible, parent’s responsibility, and latency period
c. short term objective, student’s name, and review date
d. long term goals, short term objective, and criteria for mastery
Which component is missing from the following objective? “When presented with a
textbook and the verbal directive to read a specific page, Allison will open her book and
begin reading.”
a. Learner
b. Target behavior
c. Criteria for acceptable performance
d. Conditions under which the behavior is to be displayed
A form of decreasing assistance called errorless learning is also known as:
a. Time Delay
b. Graduated Guidance
c. Backward Chaining
d. Stimulus shaping
Which of the following components would be represented on the abscissa?
a. number of sessions
b. number of inappropriate behaviors
c. percentage of call outs
d. none of the above
Willis Middle School participates in a school wide positive behavior supports program.
Several students have been identified with repeated office referrals and suspensions.
These students would fall into which level of the three-tiered model of intervention?
a. universal
b. intensive
c. targeted
d. none of the above
John has a tendency to yell at his classmates when he doesn”t get his way during recess.
Mrs. Cobb taught John that when he demonstrates inappropriate behavior during recess,
he must sit on the playground bench for five minutes. Overtime, John has begun to
independently sit on the bench without being prompted by his teacher, when he yells at
his peers during recess. What self-management procedure is John using?
a. Self-instruction
b. Self-monitoring
c. Self-evaluation
d. Self-punishment
When teaching students to set goals, they should be:
a. specific
b. achievable
c. challenging
d. all of the above
Which of the following is considered a setting event?
a. classroom noise or temperature level
b. hunger
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Which of the following is an example of a prompt which increases assistance?
a. graduated guidance
b. time delay
c. least-to-most prompts
d. most-to-least prompts
The MAS is:
a. Model/Analyze/Structure, a systematic method for teaching equivalent behaviors.
b. Multielement Analysis of Stimuli, a method of verifying hypotheses about behavioral
functions
c. Motivation Assessment Scale, a structured questionnaire used for informant
interviews
d. Manipulation of Antecedent Stimuli, a way to avoid presenting events that occasion
inappropriate behavior
Mrs. Jakes wanted to address Murray’s reading comprehension using a new
instructional program. For baseline, she measured:
a. Murray’s ability to read and understand new passages
b. Murray’s current reading comprehension level using the instructional program
already in place
c. Murray’s ability to understand material that is read to him
d. Murray’s reading comprehension using the new instructional program.
Ana consistently increases the number of baskets she makes each game. If the number
of baskets she made over the last seven games were plotted on a graph, a _____ trend
would be evident.
a. Descending
b. Variable
c. Ascending
d. None of the above
Julie’s teacher was concerned with her repeated attempts to dominant class discussion
periods. Which of the following would be appropriate for reducing this behavior?
a. negative reinforcement
b. DRO
c. DRI
d. DRL
Conversion to rate data is required when the teacher is concerned with
a. topography
b. averaging performance scores
c. both accuracy and speed
d. percent of intervals
In most cases, the first phase of a single-subject design is:
a. implementing the independent variable
b. collecting and recording baseline data
c. graphic visual analysis of the dependent variable
d. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT true? When setting goals, students
a. should set goals that are long-term
b. should set goals that are specific
c. should set goals that are short-term
d. should set goals that are challenging
Based on the graph, what type of data collection system was employed?
a. event recording
b. interval recording
c. time sampling
d. duration
Answer the following questions based on the graph below.
The “x” axis is indicated by what letter?
a. B
b. C
c. F
d. A
A student learns the concept of “red” through training on a continuum of red colored
items as well as blue and green items. The teacher has used:
a. general case programming
b. training loosely methodology
c. train and hope methodology
d. indiscriminable contingencies
Every time Andres raises his hand, he receives one point. “Raising his hand” is
considered the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Uncontrolled variable
d. Confounding variable
Scenario: Ms. Harper wants to increase John’s behavior of sharing during circle time.
Each time Ms. Harper observes John sharing she provides him with a token and his
behavior increased.
What type of reinforcement is Ms. Harper using?
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. differential reinforcement of other behavior
d. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
When a discriminative stimulus has been presented and a response has failed to occur,
a teacher may use:
a. a prompt
b. an instruction
c. modeling
d. all of the above
By making prompts used as “weak” as possible, the teacher has:
a. increased the power of S deltas present
b. increased the amount of time a prompt will be needed
c. guarded against delay of development of stimulus control
d. done nothing to affect the instructional program
A child who wants more juice interrupts her mother who is talking on the phone. As the
child’s interruptions become louder and more insistent, the mother abruptly ends her
call and immediately attends to the child. More than likely, the next time the mother is
on the phone and her child wants something
a. the mother will ignore the child
b. the child will take care of her own needs because her mother taught her how to do so
c. the child will interrupt the mother
d. all of the above
A relationship among events in which the rate of a behavior’s occurrence increases
when some environmental condition is removed is:
a. differential reinforcement
b. reinforcement
c. positive reinforcement
d. negative reinforcement
For students to learn self instructional strategies effectively and completely, during the
modeling of the strategies the teacher should include skills of:
a. problem definition
b. focusing attention
c. self reinforcement
d. all of the above
A class of stimuli which result in physical pain or discomfort to the student is termed:
a. unconditioned aversive stimuli
b. conditioned aversive stimuli
c. controlled aversive stimuli
d. correctional aversive stimuli
Direct observation strategies used during a functional assessment include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. scatter plot
b. anecdotal reports
c. A-B-C data analysis
d. behavior rating scales
Which of the following provides reinforcement of an alternative behavior?
a. DRO
b. DRL
c. DRI
d. none of the above
When a student has been placed in time out:
a. he should remain there as long as it takes for him to quiet down
b. she should remain for a period of time equal to the amount of time she was disrupting
the class
c. one to five minutes is generally sufficient, but no longer than 15 minutes.
d. any of the above criteria is appropriate.
Indirect strategies for gathering functional assessment information on a student include:
a. Anecdotal reports
b. Scatter plot analysis
c. Interview forms, scales and questionnaires
d. ABC descriptive analysis
Describe the three purposes for graphs.
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria set forth by Baer, Wolf, and Risley
(1968) as the qualifications for research to be considered applied behavior analysis:
a. the behavior must be socially important
b. the behavior must be objectively defined
c. a functional relation must be demonstrated
d. must be an aberrant behavior
Ms. Risley believes that her reading group as a whole demonstrates inappropriate
talking during the reading lesson. What type of data would Ms. Risley collect?
Construct an appropriate data sheet she may use that will present the behavior of the
reading group as a whole.
What are the components of a functional assessment?
Briefly explain the differences between stimulus generalization, response maintenance,
and response generalization.
Your principal has asked you to develop a list of school rules for your school. Discuss
considerations one must take into account when developing rules and create a list of
school wide rules based on those considerations.
Describe 2 problems associated with the use of a CRF schedule.
Which of the following is not a condition examined during a functional analysis?
a. attention
b. sleep
c. demand
d. play
Give an example of the use of a self reinforcement procedure.
Describe how teachers should be held accountable.
Which of the following would be an example of a long-term educational goal for
a student with a severe disability?
a. demonstrate knowledge of how to solve an algebraic equation
b. decrease out-of-seat behavior
c. point to the largest item in an array for three consecutive sessions
d. both b and c
Select one behavior concept discussed during this course, discuss the concept and
provide an example of the concept in the classroom setting.
What are the basic rules for the use of reinforcers in contracting?
Discuss why a teacher might use anecdotal reporting.
The following data describe the number of problems on a page of 20 done correctly.
Graph the baseline and determine whether or not it is stable: 13, 8, 16, 5, and 15.
There are four major procedures used to fade prompts. Name and briefly describe
ONE procedure. Be sure to include an example.