Blustein has criticized traditional career theory because it does not contain a social
justice component. Assuming that he is correct one way to correct this oversight is to
add advocacy as a part of the application component of the theory.
CIP theory builds on the Parsonian idea of the importance of self-knowledge and
knowledge about careers.
In the CIP model the valuing of careers can be likened to an accountant computing a
cost/benefit analysis.
Which of the following was initiated in an effort to help high school drop outs?
a. JTPA
b. Job Corps
c. CETA
d. MDTA
Generally speaking, when psychology and counseling laws are compared
a. They are quite similar
b. Psychological licensing laws regulate practice in all settings
c. Counseling licensing laws typically regulate only private practice
d. b & c above
Caveat emptor, when applied to career counseling, means
a. Don”t pay fees in advance
b. Be prepared to bargain for a lower fee
c. Fees are based on the income of the client
d. Be on the lookout for unqualified career counselors
When the value of the dollar is relatively low versus other countries’ currency the
expected impact is
a. Decreased exports
b. Increased exports
c. Increased numbers of jobs in this country
d. b & c above
Sexual orientation is the persona presented to the public whether it be gay or straight,
transgender or bisexual.
Career counseling often involves an assessment component. If the three theories
discussed under the general rubric of learning theory, SCCT emphasizes the use of self-
ratings of abilities as an assessment strategy.
One of the major points made by those who favor qualitative assessment over
quantitative approaches is that the client is more a collaborator in the qualitative
approach to assessment.
Super was the first to pose a developmental model of career choice and development.
The genogram was originally developed by Norman Gysbers to use as a tool in career
counseling.
Training can generally be divided into two broad categories: general education and
specific vocational preparation.
Research supports the idea that relatively brief interventions can positively affect the
career development of college students.
One-Stop-Career Centers are available exclusively in USES offices.
Lowe wages in the U. S. is the primary reason auto manufacturers from around the
world have built assembly plants in this country.
N=1 studies are quasi-experimental designs
Super and Gottfredson have essentially the same definition of self-concept.
Volatile political and diplomatic relations among major world powers usually have little
or no impact on the work force in the countries involved.
Stem jobs show great promise for people who are living in what are now less populated
states because of the relocation of high tech businesses.
Planning for product evaluation of a career program begins at the objective setting
stage.
Card sorts have been used almost exclusively as a substitute for paper and pencil
interest inventories.
Historically career development in business was aimed at managers only.
The most powerful approach to evaluation has traditionally been seen as using
experimental designs.
The CLEP program allows students to gain college credit by taking examinations.
The Global Career Development Facilitator is a special category of Master Career
Counselors
For the most part computer assisted career guidance systems have been replaced by
online applications
Perhaps the best place to start developing a career development program is the
philosophy statement of the school district.
The ASCA National model is now a major force in shaping career development
programs in public schools.
Job rotation programs allow employees to shadow other employees as one means of
helping them do career exploration.
Self-efficacy expectations are roughly analogous to self-confidence ratings.
Career counseling falls under the rubric of responsive service in the ASCA National
Model.
Ethnographic studies are commonly used by program evaluators
One of the weaknesses of JTPA is that it does not cover dislocated workers.
O*NET provides a complete listing and supportive materials and exercises for job
hunters.
The wage differential between the U. S. and other countries is often cited as the basis
for jobs being offshored and thus lost to U. S. workers. However, wages in Japan and
South Korea are essentially the same as those in the U.S. which point to the fact that
other factors account for offshoring in many cases.
The military has opened up opportunities for men, women, and minorities, but military
service has been a double-edged sword for women because of sexual harassment.
For Gottfredson the self-concept ranks second in importance to sex-role stereotyping as
a determinant of occupational choice.
A high national debt has
a. Little impact on the overall availability of jobs in the long term
b. Little impact of the overall availability of jobs in the short term
c. An impact on the availability of jobs both in the short and long term
d. The relationship between national debt and job availability has not been determined
In order for an evaluation study to be classified as experimental subjects must be
a. Randomly assigned to treatment and control groups
b. Use sophisticated statistical analysis
c. Make sure subjects are unaware of the goals of the study
d. a & c above
The primary purpose of the ASVAB assessment program is
a. Recruitment into the military
b. Provide the basis for enlistees into military job
c. Serve as a basis for exit career counseling for people leaving the military
d. Earn the support of career counselors, career counselorspublic relations
FERPA is a federal law that sets forth rules and regulations regarding
a. Group test scores
b. Verbal communication
c. The maintenance of records
d. All of the above
According to Lent and his associates, self-efficacy is a major variable in the
development of
a. Personality
b. Values
c. Self-confidence
d. Interests
Sheltered workshops and supported job placement are two strategies for improving the
employability of persons with disabilities. Which of these has been proven most cost
effective?
a. Supported employment
b. Sheltered workshops
c. Neither has proven to be cost effective
d. Both, equally well, so far as cost effectiveness id concerned
Online career counseling may not allow which of the following?
a. The use of personality inventories
b. The use of sophisticated occupational information
c. In depth exploration of the career related problem
d. None of the above
Which of the following Internet service providers offers a helpful listing of educational
institutions by state with links to their websites?
a. Google
b. Yahoo
c. Bing
d. Gmail
Women hold a majority of the jobs in three of the STEM occupations. Nursing is one of
these. Which of the following are also made up of mostly women?
a. Accountants
b. Laboratory technicians
c. Biologists
d. a & b above
Sampson and his colleagues at Florida State University have developed a unique
approach to delivering career development services to college students. Their approach
is based on several factors of which _______________ seems to be the most important.
a. Career maturity
b. Progress toward graduation
c. Cognitive functioning
d. Personality type
In the social cognitive career theory interests develop as a result of
a. Values
b. Appraisals
c. Skills
d. Self-efficacy
Which of the following statements is a central proposition of the theory of work
adjustment?
a. Optimal career choice occurs when the needs of the person are reinforced by the job
b. Success on the job can be predicted if information about the skills, aptitudes, and
personality structure of the person are known
c. The skills required by the job are posed by the individual in the job
d. The values of the person and the supervisor match
In TWA two primary factors seem to be factors in work adjustment. These are:
a. Celerity and rhythm
b. Pace and endurance
c. Satisfaction and satisfactoriness
d. Values and needs
The most often occurring social value in the world is
a. Lineal
b. Collateral
c. Individual
d. Lineal/collateral
Most low paying jobs are most likely to require what type of job preparation?
a. High school diploma
b. Some community college preparation ” usually three months
c. OJT only
d. Extended corporation offered training
A synonym for postmodern theory is
a. Collaborative
b. Ipsative
c. Constructivist
d. Longitudinal
Social cognitive theory departs from Krumboltz” social learning theory on which major
point?
a. The importance attached to learning
b. Use of Bandura’s work as its foundation
c. It emphasizes the importance of goals
d. It emphasizes the primacy of self-efficacy
If a counselor needs state-wide information about a specific occupation or industry, help
is most likely available from:
a. Better Business Bureau.
b. State Chamber of Commerce.
c. State Employment Security Agency.
d. State Occupational Information Coordinating Committee if available
Tinsley and Bradley stress that perhaps the essential aspect of test interpretation is
a. Integrating results with other data
b. Checking on past test results
c. Going over the technical weaknesses of the instruments
d. Softening “bad news”
The chief difference between values and needs is:
a. Needs are more difficult to measure
b. Values are more likely to be determinants of behavior
c. Values are learned; needs are not
d. Values and needs are essentially the same
Non ads are probably best classified as
a. Publicity
b. Advertising
c. Both a & b
d. Neither a or b
Job placement sites such as Monster are likely to have
a. Information about employability skills
b. Job listings outside the U. S.
c. Self-exploration materials
d. a & b above
The acronym SOLER is sometimes used as an outline for the communication process
favored by white clients. Which aspect of SOLER may not apply to Asian clients?
a. L Forward lean
b. E Eye contact
c. R Relaxed posture
d. a & b above
To young and his associates implementing a career choice is
a. An action
b. A project
c. A narrative
d. An endeavor
In the following list, which individual is least likely to find a program or agency to
assist them with their career related problems?
a. The widow or divorcee without children.
b. The released offender.
c. The veteran.
d. The school dropout.
The occupational information included in O*NET is collected
a. Using job analysis strategies
b. From employers hiring information
c. From unemployed workers’ descriptions
d. From employed workers’ surveys of job requirements
Which of the following should not be included in an advertisement
a. A degree unrelated to the service offered
b. A special membership in a professional organization such as fellow or diplomat
c. Institution where degree obtained
d. Service specialty
A group of tasks performed by one person in one business is the definition for:
a. Position
b. Job.
c. Occupation.
d. Vocation.
Sub-sections of state level licensing laws for counselors and psychologist
a. Identify career counselors as a specialty but do not regulate them
b. Identify career counseling within the broad context of practice
c. Regulate career counseling as a specialty
d. Generally fail to regulate career counseling per s
Career development specialists working in business and industry must first be
a. Orient themselves to human development
b. Orient themselves to career development in the organization
c. Fully aware of the functioning of industrial psychologies
d. Orient themselves to the needs of the business
Federal and state governments contribute about the same amount to the rehabilitation of
people across the US.
Postmodern theorists agree that there is an objective self.
It appears that the interest in developing theories for indifferent groups is on the wane.
An individual’s worldview is, at least initially, based upon enculturation.
Mortimer and Johnson suggest that both boys and girls may benefit from participating
in non-traditional careers. This idea is supported by SCCT studied in Chapter 5.
One unique aspect of Brown’s values-based theory is that he suggests that job
satisfaction may be primarily due to feedback from others.
It is safe to say that in the past personality inventories have not been widely used in
career counseling and this is a trend that is likely to continue.
Bloch equates careers to what she terms adaptive entities.
Career school counselors who encounter illegal or undocumented students hands are
tied because they have no right to be in schools and should be reported.
Super’s theory is largely based on white middle class research and observations.
Follow-up surveys of former students can help schools and colleges evaluate the
effectiveness of its curriculum as well as help present students develop realistic career
plans.
The primary emphasis in both SCCT and Krumboltz’s theory is the emphasis on
self-efficacy.
Generally speaking, minorities express greater interest in getting more occupational
information than do white, European Americans.
Postmodern career counselors, with the possible exception of Savickas, that traditional
interest inventories such as Holland’s scales, should not be used in career counseling.
The most likely explanation of this position is the idea that data about human behavior
cannot be generalized to others.
Research supports the idea that supported work programs are more cost effective than
sheltered workshops.
Religion is identified as a tradition source of oppression of women, but career
counselors are advised to ignore their client’s religious beliefs because of the
explosiveness of the issue.
Since older than average students return to school because they are displaced from their
current jobs they more need help making career decisions.
When an industry relocates to another part of the world in order to hire cheaper labor
the resulting unemployment is defined as frictional.