Chapter 09: Nervous System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The basic, functional units of the nervous system are
a.
axons.
b.
dendrites.
c.
neurons.
d.
oligodendrocytes.
2. Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through
a.
axons.
b.
dendrites.
c.
glial cells.
d.
perikaryons.
3. The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the
a.
axons.
b.
dendrites.
c.
nodes of Ranvier.
d.
perikaryons.
4. Nerve fibers is another name for
a.
axons.
b.
dendrites.
c.
myelin sheaths.
d.
oligodendrocytes.
5. White matter is made up of
a.
myelinated axons.
b.
neuroglia.
c.
neuron cell bodies.
d.
sensory receptors.
6. In the spinal cord the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called
a.
neuroglia.
b.
nodes of Ranvier.
c.
oligodendroglia.
d.
Schwann cells.
7. Afferent nerve fibers carry sensations
a.
away from the CNS.
b.
through axons.
c.
through motor nerve fibers.
d.
toward the CNS.
8. An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is
a.
increasing the heart rate.
b.
lowering the blood pressure.
c.
releasing digestive juices.
d.
turning the head.
9. A polarized neuron in its resting state has
a.
high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
b.
high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
c.
high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
d.
high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
10. A repolarized neuron has
a.
high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
b.
high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
c.
high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
d.
high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
11. A depolarized neuron has
a.
high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
b.
high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
c.
high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
d.
high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high
potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
12. The “all-or-nothing” principle means
a.
all of the nerve impulses go to the brain.
b.
all the potassium ions on one side of the cell membrane move to the other side of
the cell membrane.
c.
all the sodium ions on one side of the cell membrane move to the other side of the
cell membrane.
d.
an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength.
13. The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another
is called the
a.
reflex period.
b.
reflux period.
c.
refractory period.
d.
resting period.
14. Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse
a.
skips from a dendrite to an axon.
b.
skips from an axon to a dendrite.
c.
travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node.
d.
travels from one Schwann cell to the next Schwann cell.
15. The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the
a.
symphysis.
b.
synapse.
c.
telodendron.
d.
threshold.
16. A terminal bouton is found
a.
at the end of the telodendron.
b.
at the neurotransmitter receptors.
c.
on the node of Ranvier.
d.
on the postsynaptic neuron.
17. Which one of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only?
a.
acetylcholine
b.
dopamine
c.
gamma-aminobutyric acid
d.
norepinephrine
18. Many neurotransmitters are broken down by
a.
enzymes.
b.
hormones.
c.
potassium.
d.
sodium.
19. The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are
a.
acetylcholine, glycine, and epinephrine.
b.
dopamine, acetylcholine, and glycine.
c.
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.
d.
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glycine.
20. The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
21. The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
22. The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
23. The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
24. The most primitive part of the CNS is the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
25. Hypermetria results from injury to the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
26. The largest part of the brain is the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
27. Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the
a.
brainstem and cerebellum.
b.
cerebellum and diencephalon.
c.
cerebrum and cerebellum.
d.
diencephalon and brainstem.
28. The medulla oblongata is part of the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
29. The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the
a.
arachnoid.
b.
dura mater.
c.
endocranium.
d.
pia mater.
30. How many cranial nerves are there?
a.
12
b.
18
c.
20
d.
24
31. Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?
a.
CN I
b.
CN III
c.
CN IX
d.
CN V
32. The spinal cord is a
a.
caudal continuation of the brainstem.
b.
caudal continuation of the diencephalon.
c.
distal continuation of the brainstem.
d.
distal continuation of the diencephalon.
33. The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the
a.
cranial-sacral system.
b.
cranio-lumbar system.
c.
thoracolumbar system.
d.
thoraco-sacral system.
34. A ganglion is a
a.
cluster of CNS neuronal axon terminals.
b.
cluster of CNS neuronal dendrites.
c.
cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS.
d.
cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS.
35. Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
a.
bronchodilation
b.
reduced digestion
c.
reduced heart rate
d.
vasodilation
36. Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause __ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane
moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin a new nerve impulse.
a.
calcium ion
b.
chloride ion
c.
potassium ion
d.
sodium ion
37. The radiographic procedure that uses a radiopaque dye injected into the space just beneath the
arachnoid membrane to highlight areas of spinal cord compression is
a.
meningeography.
b.
myelinography.
c.
myelography.
d.
myography.
38. Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision?
a.
CN I
b.
CN II
c.
CN IV
d.
CN X
39. The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the
a.
central antrum.
b.
central canal.
c.
epidural space.
d.
subarachnoid space.
40. The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the
a.
autonomic nervous system.
b.
parasympathetic nervous system.
c.
peripheral nervous system.
d.
sympathetic nervous system.
41. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is
a.
acetylcholine.
b.
dopamine.
c.
epinephrine.
d.
norepinephrine.
42. A somatic reflex involves
a.
cardiac muscle regulation.
b.
endocrine gland secretion.
c.
skeletal muscle contraction.
d.
smooth muscle supervision.
43. A reflex arc originates from the/a
a.
brainstem.
b.
gray matter.
c.
motor neuron.
d.
sensory receptor.
44. The stretch reflex is an example of a
a.
monosynaptic contralateral reflex arc.
b.
monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc.
c.
polysynaptic contralateral reflex arc.
d.
polysynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc.
45. What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?
a.
anti-assimilation barrier
b.
blood-brain barrier
c.
cerebrospinal barrier
d.
meninges
46. What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor
muscles on the opposite limb contract?
a.
crossed extensor reflex
b.
palpebral reflex
c.
stretch reflex
d.
withdrawal reflex
47. When the patellar ligament is tapped, what type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to
contract, producing a small kick?
a.
crossed extensor reflex
b.
palpebral reflex
c.
stretch reflex
d.
withdrawal reflex
48. In a healthy animal, if you shine a light in one eye what should happen?
a.
Only the pupil of the eye with the light shining in should constrict; the pupil of the
other eye should remain unaffected.
b.
The pupil of the eye with the light shining in should constrict; the pupil of the
other eye should compensate by dilating.
c.
The pupils of both eyes should constrict.
d.
The pupils of both eyes should initially dilate, then constrict.
49. What is the result of a normal palpebral reflex?
a.
A light tap medial canthus causes increased tear production.
b.
A light tap on the lateral canthus of the eye produces vasoconstriction.
c.
A light tap on the medial canthus of the eye produces a blink of its eyelid.
d.
A tap on the lateral canthus causes the eyeball to retract.