Chapter 08: Muscular System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal’s skeleton?
a.
involuntary nonstriated muscle
b.
involuntary striated muscle
c.
voluntary nonstriated muscle
d.
voluntary striated muscle
2. The linea alba is a/an
a.
aponeurosis.
b.
epimysium.
c.
ligament.
d.
tendon.
3. When skeletal muscle contracts, which site undergoes the greatest movement?
a.
belly of the muscle
b.
head of the muscle
c.
insertion of the muscle
d.
origin of the muscle
4. A skeletal muscle that contracts at the same time as the prime mover muscle and assists in
carrying out the prime mover’s action is a/an
a.
agonist.
b.
antagonist.
c.
fixator.
d.
synergist.
5. The triceps brachii muscle is partially named based on
a.
its action.
b.
its location.
c.
its size of its fibers.
d.
the direction its fibers run.
6. When the sternocephalicus muscle contracts what happens in the animal’s body?
a.
The rear leg is pulled backward.
b.
The front leg is pulled forward.
c.
The head and neck are lowered.
d.
The head and neck are raised.
7. The internal abdominal oblique muscle is partially named based on
a.
its action.
b.
the direction its fibers run.
c.
the number of its heads.
d.
the shape of its fibers.
8. If the fibers of a muscle are running caudoventrally, in which direction are they running?
a.
to the back of the animal and down
b.
to the back of the animal and up
c.
to the front of the animal and down
d.
to the front of the animal and up
9. Which three muscles make up the hamstring muscle?
a.
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
b.
gluteal, quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris
c.
quadriceps femoris, gluteal, biceps femoris
d.
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteal
10. The muscle in an animal that corresponds to the calf muscle in humans is the
a.
biceps femoris muscle.
b.
deep digital flexor muscle.
c.
gastrocnemius muscle.
d.
quadriceps femoris muscle.
11. The diaphragm is composed of
a.
involuntary nonstriated muscle.
b.
involuntary striated muscle.
c.
voluntary nonstriated muscle.
d.
voluntary striated muscle.
12. The respiratory muscles that work together to increase the size of the thoracic cavity when
they contract are the
a.
abdominal and internal intercostal muscles.
b.
abdominal and external intercostal muscles.
c.
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
d.
internal and external intercostal muscles.
13. Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a skeletal muscle
a.
fiber.
b.
myofibril.
c.
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d.
tubule.
14. The contracting unit of a skeletal muscle is the
a.
actin.
b.
myofibril.
c.
myosin.
d.
sarcomere.
15. Which motor unit would an animal most likely use to move its eyeball?
a.
1 nerve fiber, 2 muscle fibers
b.
10 nerve fibers, 1 muscle fiber
c.
2 nerve fibers, 20 muscle fibers
d.
20 nerve fibers, 10 muscle fibers
16. The outermost connective tissue layer of a muscle is the
a.
ectomysium.
b.
endomysium.
c.
epimysium.
d.
perimysium.
17. Which structure of a muscle contains adipose tissue that contributes to the grossly visible
marbling of meat?
a.
myofibril
b.
perimysium
c.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
d.
transverse tubule
18. The all-or-nothing principle of muscle physiology refers to
a.
release of acetyl cholinesterase.
b.
release of calcium ions.
c.
the contraction of a muscle.
d.
the contraction of a muscle fiber.
19. The average muscle fiber contraction cycle lasts about
a.
0.1 second.
b.
0.5 second.
c.
0.01 second.
d.
0.05 second.
0.05 seconds. That leaves 0.04 seconds for the contracting phase.
20. The “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial node located in the wall of the
a.
left atrium.
b.
left ventricle.
c.
right atrium.
d.
right ventricle.
21. The parasympathetic nervous system has this overall effect on the heart.
a.
It causes it to beat faster with less force.
b.
It causes it to beat faster with more force.
c.
It causes it to beat slower with less force.
d.
It causes it to beat slower with more force.
22. Smooth muscle is classified as
a.
involuntary nonstriated muscle.
b.
involuntary striated muscle.
c.
voluntary nonstriated muscle.
d.
voluntary striated muscle.
23. Which structures contain visceral smooth muscle?
a.
lungs and stomach
b.
small blood vessel walls and lungs
c.
stomach and urinary bladder
d.
urinary bladder and small blood vessel walls
24. In muscle the source of a phosphate molecule needed to recharge an ADP molecule to an ATP
molecule is
a.
acetyl cholinesterase.
b.
acetylcholine.
c.
creatine phosphatase.
d.
creatine phosphate.
25. Anaerobic muscle metabolism results in __ formation as a result of incomplete glucose
metabolism.
a.
acetylcholine
b.
glycogen
c.
lactic acid
d.
myoglobin
26. Cardiac muscle is classified as
a.
involuntary nonstriated muscle.
b.
involuntary striated muscle.
c.
voluntary nonstriated muscle.
d.
voluntary striated muscle.
27. Groups of cardiac muscle cells adapt their contraction rate to
a.
the average contraction rate of all the cells.
b.
the contraction rate of the fastest cell.
c.
the contraction rate of the slowest cell.
d.
the median contraction rate of all the cells.
28. Stretching the wall of the small intestines will result in
a.
decreased force of multiunit smooth muscle contraction.
b.
decreased force of visceral smooth muscle contraction.
c.
increased force of multiunit smooth muscle contraction.
d.
increased force of visceral smooth muscle contraction.
29. The two major sources of energy for normal muscle metabolism are
a.
calcium and myoglobin.
b.
glucose and calcium.
c.
glucose and oxygen.
d.
oxygen and myoglobin.