88. Nine-year-old Rory is digging deep into his bag of strategies to remember something. For him to make this effort, the
information must be ________.
a.
difficult
b.
emotional
c.
actionable
d.
relevant
89. Deliberating a verdict for a defendant accused of pedophilia, the jury is discussing whether the attorneys’ questioning
of the potential child victims was ________ in order to accept their eyewitness testimony as trustworthy.
a.
guided
b.
open-ended
c.
biased
d.
scripted
90. The responses obtained by researchers who repeated the use of directed questions demonstrates that the eyewitness
memories of young children can be ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
91. Which of the following best reflects Siegler’s overlapping waves theory of problem-solving?
a.
discovering and mastering strategies
b.
creating strategies to fit new contexts
c.
learning, testing and dropping strategies
d.
mastering strategies which decline with age
92. Now that Roscoe is in high school, he has many more memory strategies to draw upon. Which of the following
strategies has Roscoe recently refined?
a.
rehearsal
b.
chunking
c.
elaboration
d.
perseveration
93. In a school department focus group of 10 high school seniors, how many said that they are actively aware of memory
strategies they use to aid their academic performance?
a.
3
b.
5
c.
6
d.
8
94. Which of the following terms best describes the advanced memory capabilities of an expert?
a.
cross-functional
b.
domain-specific
c.
context-neutral
d.
time-dependent
95. Dr. Boschetto teaches chemistry at an elite prep school. Compared to his students, Dr. Boschetto’s knowledge base and
memory strategies would be considered more ________.
a.
structured and rigid
b.
freeform and volatile
c.
optimized and overlapped
d.
organized and specialized
96. Julia is reminiscing with her daughter in the garden of the nursing home where she has lived since age 72. Which of
the following events will Julia have the most detailed memory of?
a.
being in the fifth grade spring concert
b.
graduating with honors from college
c.
buying a home with her second husband
d.
celebrating her 30th anniversary at work
97. Who will first begin to notice declines in their memory capabilities?
a.
Ramzi, who is 59 years old
b.
Lynette, who is 66 years old
c.
Malcolm, who is 73 years old
d.
Xiulan, who is 82 years old
98. Who will first begin to have difficulty playing the word game Scrabble?
a.
Roberta, who is 57 years old
b.
Jaime, who is 68 years old
c.
Rosa, who is 79 years old
d.
Stephen, who is 88 years old
99. Although her friend Bella is taking college classes at age 70, Joan regularly tells herself that she is too old for such
activity and that her memory is like a bucket full of holes. How does Joan’s memory function compare to Bella’s?
a.
5 percent more
b.
20 percent less
c.
30 percent less
d.
45 percent less
100. Pablo is 75 and participating in a research project that requires him to perform complex tests of memory and recall.
Compared to the cohort of college students also participating in the study, Pablo’s performance is more easily ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
101. Working memory is an active form of short-term memory.
a.
True
b.
False
102. The final stage in the three basic steps of the memory process involves storage.
a.
True
b.
False
103. Executive control processes are responsible for monitoring our information-processing behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
104. A child making perseveration errors will continue to use the same strategy even though it is never successful.
a.
True
b.
False
105. Elaboration involves the creation of meaningful links between items that you are attempting to remember.
a.
True
b.
False
106. The overlapping waves theory argues for conceptualizing of cognitive development in terms of an invariant sequence
of stages.
a.
True
b.
False
107. Older adults tend to perform best on explicit memory tasks that focus on unpracticed skills.
a.
True
b.
False
108. Our sense of smell plays a role in memory formation.
a.
True
b.
False
109. When Olivia came home from day care and did a dance that she saw the teacher do, she was merely modeling a
behavior and not drawing upon memory.
a.
True
b.
False
110. One strategy that adolescents use to improve memory is to reject certain types of information.
a.
True
b.
False
111. Discuss the process of human memory by differentiating between sensory register, working memory, short-term
memory, and long-term memory. Give examples to support your ideas.
112. Describe activities you would conduct to confirm the existence of memory in an infant and in a child who has clear
language capability. Be sure to indicate which type of method each study employs, and describe the subjects’ ages, the
activities, and the expected results.
113. Justine is a typically developing human. What information-processing advances would you expect her to experience
between the start of her middle school years and the end of her senior year of high school?
114. What factors contribute to declines in cognitive abilities in old age?
115. In what ways are the autobiographical memory of young children and older adults similar? How do they differ?
116. Describe examples of rehearsal, chunking, and elaboration strategies used by a child and the same strategies used by
an adult.
117. Describe three reasons why autobiographical memories from the earliest years of our lives cannot be retrieved.
118. Explain how personal, subjective factors influence a person’s memory. Give examples to support your thinking.
119. How do American cultural attitudes and media have an impact on the memory capabilities of older adults? What
might be done to change this dynamic? Provide examples to support your thinking.
120. The actress Cicely Tyson performed on stage in major roles at the age of 90. What could account for her ability to
remember extensive dialogue? What common factors would hinder other actors of her age group from performing?
Answer not provided
121. Executive control processes are responsible for monitoring our information-processing behavior.
a.
True
b.
False