CHAPTER EIGHT
QUESTIONS
1. In ancient times, fingerprints were often used as substitutes for
a. brand labels
b. warnings
c. signatures
d. both a and c
2. Sir Francis Galton classified fingerprints by their general shape. These shapes included
a. rise, turn, and re-curve
b. arch, loop, and rise
c. loop, whorl, and curve
d. arch, loop, and whorl
3. Sir Francis Galton referred to the numerous detailed interruptions in fingerprint shapes, as
a. points
b. minutia
c. patterns
d. furrows
4. In 1897, British official Sir Edward Richard Henry devised a workable classification system
which he used to classify prisoners in India. This system was called the
a. Henry Classification System
b. Scotland Yard Classification System
c. Sir Edward Classification System
d. British Classification System
5. The study of fingerprint patterns for the purpose of making identifications is called
a. dactyloscopy
b. episcopic coaxial illumination
c. plethysmography
d. somnambulism
6. One of the oldest and most common methods for the development of latent fingerprints
Involves using a fine powder of contrasting color. This process is known as
a. lifting
b. flaking
c. dusting
d. sprinkling
7. The use of a semi-transparent mirror to observe the reflection of light perpendicular to a
surface in order to retrieve latent fingerprints from smooth non-porous surfaces is called
a. alternative fingerprint analysis
b. episcopic coaxial illumination
c. iodine lifting
d. spectroanalysis
8. The “argon ionic,” “copper vapor,” and “neodymium:YAG,” are all examples of
a. laser fingerprint methods
b. amino acid fingerprint methods
c. voice identification methods
d. psychoacoustical features of captured speech
9. In the context of fingerprint identification, the “Mayfield Affair” is an example of
a. the success of fingerprint identification
b. “confirmation bias” in fingerprint identification
c. undervaluing the relevance of fingerprint identification
d. the limits of fingerprint identification
10. Generally speaking, voice samples presented for longer durations are remembered with more
_______________ than voice samples presented for shorter durations
a. difficulty
b. accuracy
c. anxiety
d. confidence
11. In 300 BCE, spitting drier rice powder which had been placed in one’s mouth, was a very
early form of a
a. plethysmograph
b. polygraph
c. hydrosphygmograph
d. pneumograph
12. A device used to measure a person’s breathing patterns is called a
a. pneumograph
b. hydrosphygmograph
c. spectrograph
d. sphygmomanometer
13. One of the problems with polygraphs is its susceptibility to_______________ used by
examinees to fool the machine and the examiner
a. physiological reactions
b. countermeasures
c. intentional veracity
d. uncooperativeness
14. In the late eighteenth century, Franz Anton Mesmer experimented with what he called
a. magnetic healing
b. polygraphy
c. somnambulism
d. luminous fixation
15. These three Viennese physicians used hypnosis to reproduce hysterical phemomena
a. Marquis de Puységur, Josef Breuer, and Sigmund Freud
b. Abbé José Custodio de Faria, Jean Charcot, and Josef Breuer
c. Marquis de Puységur, Abbé José Custodio de Faria, and Sigmund Freud
d. Jean Charcot, Josef Breuer, and Sigmund Freud
16. The use of hypnosis to uncover memories often associated with trauma is called
a. memory catharsis
b. guided associations
c. memory enhancement
d. memory anesthesia
17. Filling in the gaps in memory with irrelevant information is called
a. confabulation
b. suggestion
c. compartmentalization
d. dissociation
18. “Memory hardening” refers to
a. the ineffectiveness of memory with the passage of time
b. the ineffectiveness of memory with the passage of events
c. the distortion of memory due to the effects of extraneous events
d. none of the above
19. Approximately __________ of all states do not permit hypnotically-refreshed memory
into evidence
a. two-thirds
b. one-third
c. one-quarter
d. one-half
20. Of those states that do allow hypnotically refreshed memory into evidence, a __________
approach is taken
a. preponderance of the evidence
b. totality-of-the-circumstances
c. clear and convincing balance of the evidence
d. beyond a reasonable doubt of the evidence
21. The murderer Ken Bianchi attempted to use the defense of
a. hypnotically-induced behavior
b. somnambulism
c. multiple personality
d. suggestibility
22. This technique is designed to fully immerse a person in a partially-recalled situation using
“freedom of description” rather than hypnosis
a. deep imagery induction
b. in vitro hierarchy
c. cognitive interview
d. guided imagery
23. There are three basic types of offender behavior at a crime scene, there are
a. dynamics, motive, and ritual
b. dynamics, signature, and motive
c. modus operandi, signature, and location
d. modus operandi, signature, and ritual
24. Crime scenes which are baffling and contain peculiarities which serve no apparent purpose
in the perpetration, are often the result of
a. staging
b. “calling cards”
c. fantasy actions
d. symbolic actions
25. The “offender consistency” hypothesis assumes that
a. the motives of different criminals who commit the same crime are the same
b. there are consistencies between the manner in which an offender carries out a crime on
one occasion and they way he carries out crimes on other occasions
c. even though an offender may commit various crimes, his basic motive is the same
d. none of the above
26. One of the major ways forensic psychologists are involved in criminal investigations is by
the identification of suspects. This is accomplished by applying psychological science to
a. interviewing witnesses
b. obtaining confessions
c. structuring lineups
d. all the above
27. In the western world, the first practical application using fingerprints was in 1858 when
they were used to _______________
a. keep track of people who drank alcohol
b. keep track of criminals
c. ratify contracts
d. none of the above
28. In 1892 Sir Francis Galton published his book “Finger Prints,” which represented the
results of his collection of over _____ sets of prints in his Anthropological laboratories.
a. 1,000
b. 5,000
c. 8,000
d. 10,000
Chapter 8 ANSWERS