53. Mr. Perkins is developing a program to help high school students protect their hearing. What is an important aspect
that the program should do to be effective?
a.
avoid noting the potential long-term consequences of noise exposure.
b.
clarify that hearing loss is not a health problem but a social issue.
c.
reduce the stigma associated with wearing hearing protection.
d.
note that one-time exposure to loud noise cannot cause damage.
54. Adolescents are more likely to enjoy strong or strange tasting food because
a.
they have had more opportunities to learn to like them.
b.
they have a less sensitive sense of taste than do children.
c.
they are rebelling against family customs.
d.
they are influenced by their peers to do so.
55. What type of food would be most likely to produce “chemosensory irritation?”
a.
b.
c.
d.
56. Sensory threshold is defined as the
a.
minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected.
b.
maximum amount of sensory stimulation that can be tolerated before pain is experienced.
c.
maximum number of senses that can be stimulated before the person is confused.
d.
minimum amount of energy produced by a neuron.
57. As a researcher focused on the issue of sensations, how would you most likely explain why older people tend to raise
the volume on their television sets and use more seasoning on their food?
a.
Their sensory thresholds have increased with age.
b.
They cannot concentrate on simple things.
c.
Visual accommodation abilities have declined.
d.
They forget seasoning their food or raising the TV volume.
58. A study finds that 100 percent of 20-year-olds, 70 percent of 40-year-olds, and only 40 percent of 60-year-olds are
able to detect the scent of a single rotten egg in a 10– by 10-foot room. A developmental psychologist would most likely
explain this change in terms of a(n)
a.
Decrease in olfactory sensory threshold
b.
Increase in olfactory sensory threshold
c.
Decrease in cross-modality perception
d.
Increase in cross-modality perception
59. Seventy-year-old Vinita has been having difficulty seeing while driving at night. When she is seen by an optometrist,
she is told that the problem is the fact that both of her lenses have clouded. The correct specific diagnosis would by that
Vinetta has
a.
presbycusis.
b.
myopia.
c.
presbyopia.
d.
cataracts.
60. Swen’s doctor just informed him that in order to correct his visual problem, Swen must have his clouded lens
replaced. This means that Swen’s visual problem involves
a.
retinitis pigmentosa.
b.
cataracts.
c.
glaucoma.
d.
macular degeneration.
61. A slow-reacting pupil is most likely to be responsible for
a.
glaucoma.
b.
difficulty with dark adaptation.
c.
cataracts.
d.
difficulty with far vision.
62. When grandpa has difficulty reading a newspaper 20 inches from his face, but can clearly see the television that is 20
feet away, he most likely has
a.
presbyopia.
b.
age-related macular degeneration.
c.
glaucoma.
d.
retinitis pigmentosa.
63. Webster has just been informed that he is suffering from a visual problem that is destroying retinal cells responsible
for central vision and that he will soon find reading nearly impossible. This diagnosis indicates that Webster has
a.
age-related macular degeneration.
b.
glaucoma.
c.
retinitis pigmentosa.
d.
cataracts.
64. While they both significantly affect vision, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration differ in that
retinitis pigmentosa _____ and age-related macular degeneration _____.
a.
is due to genetics; is due to illness
b.
impacts peripheral vision; impacts central vision
c.
is more likely to be found in males; is more likely to be found in females
d.
impacts close vision; impacts far vision
65. Woody has just been diagnosed with presbycusis. What is he most likely experiencing?
a.
He is hearing voices of people who are not there.
b.
He is hearing a continuous ringing sound in his ear.
c.
He is having difficulty hearing low-frequency sounds.
d.
He is having difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.
66. Which best describes the hearing of most older adults?
a.
Minor hearing loss especially for high-frequency sounds
b.
Significant hearing loss especially for high-frequency sounds
c.
Minor hearing loss especially for low-frequency sounds
d.
Significant hearing loss especially for low-frequency sounds
67. Which statement concerning speech perception in adulthood is true?
a.
Loud background noise is more distracting to young adults than to older adults.
b.
Older adults are more likely to recall fewer details from a conversation that took place in a noisy restaurant.
c.
Older adults tend to be better at attending to multiple conversations than young adults.
d.
In familiar setting, older adults tend to not use contextual cues to help them interpret what they are hearing.
68. Research findings from Murphy (1985) suggests that the ability of older individuals to identify food is most negatively
impacted by
a.
losses in the ability to taste and smell.
b.
losses in the ability to taste and cognitive declines impacting memory.
c.
losses in the ability to smell and cognitive declines impacting memory.
d.
losses in the ability to see and cognitive declines impacting memory.
69. Old people are most likely to keep their homes too hot or too cold because
a.
they tend to be less sensitive to changes in temperature.
b.
changes in temperature tend to induce a loss of balance.
c.
their constant pain will make them seek environments of different temperatures.
d.
as myelin in their brains decreases their bodies crave heat.
70. In terms of their ability to sense pain, old people typically experience
a.
less sensitivity to mild pain.
b.
more sensitivity to mild pain.
c.
decreased sensitivity for all types and levels of pain.
d.
increased sensitivity for all types and levels of pain.
71. From a nativist perspective, what process is skipped for a person to arrive at a particular perception?
a.
verification
b.
interpretation
c.
localization
d.
sensation
72. Sitting out in the garden, a small, fluttering object approaches three-year-old Annie. When she notices it, a proponent
of the ecological perspective would say that Annie’s next step would be to ________.
a.
build meaning
b.
learn more
c.
translate it
d.
take action
73. Which of the following responses reflects an affordance resulting from the image of a small rock next to a pond?
a.
“This is a round, dark object.”
b.
“I can throw this in the water.”
c.
“Have I seen these things before?”
d.
“What color and shape is this?”
74. Which of the following reflects the relationship of affordances to humans’ experience of them?
a.
compound
b.
individual
c.
cultural
d.
universal
75. Which perspective on perception could use a box of mementos as a brand logo?
a.
cultural
b.
ecological
c.
constructivist
d.
nativist
76. Who will likely be dealing with a picky eater when her child reaches kindergarten?
a.
Dora, who ate a vegetarian diet with dairy while pregnant
b.
Serita, who ate her mom’s rich, spicy curries while pregnant
c.
Olivia, who had many cravings for junk food while pregnant
d.
Barbara, who ate a bland diet while pregnant due to indigestion
77. Who is most likely to have oculatory development problems?
a.
Aidan, who lived in the dark during the sixth month of life
b.
Rasha, who lived in the dark during the second month of life
c.
Terry, who lived in the dark during the ninth month of life
d.
Chantal, who lived in the dark during the fourteenth month of life
78. Which of the following best describes the process of motor skills development in children?
a.
continuous
b.
staged
c.
intermittent
d.
innate
79. The ecological perspective views the process of developing motor skills as a child’s ________ the environment.
a.
interaction with
b.
habituation to
c.
interpretation of
d.
mastery of
80. Which of the following best reflects a child’s refinement of motor skills?.
a.
the transition from walking across a room to running across a room
b.
the transition from banging an orange with a fist to peeling an orange
c.
the transition from nodding the head at someone to waving a hand
d.
the transition from writing letters on a paper to making large scribbles
81. A child who walks for a few days, falls a few times, and then goes back to crawling ________.
a.
is experiencing a normal period of regression
b.
has reached the limit of their sensory threshold
c.
is demonstrating the proximodistal principle
d.
has an underdeveloped orienting system
82. A child can nod its head before it can snap its fingers due to the influence of ________.
a.
genetics
b.
cortisol
c.
androgens
d.
myelin
83. Which term best describes rhythmic stereotypies?
a.
regression
b.
preparation
c.
practice
d.
accommodation
84. According to dynamic systems theory, a young girl makes the shift from crawling to walking because ________.
a.
she has reached a critical period
b.
it satisfies her current needs
c.
her genetic program supports it
d.
her perceptive skills have matured
85. An adult who has a leg amputated must relearn how to walk with a different distribution of body weight and an
attached prosthetic. This process mirrors which of the following?
a.
locomotor accommodation theory
b.
bioecological perception theory
c.
dynamic systems theory
d.
evoked potential theory
86. Which of the following best reflects the perspective of a dynamic systems theorist?
a.
Nature precedes nurture in motor development.
b.
Nature and nurture coordinate motor development.
c.
Nurture supersedes nature in motor development.
d.
Nature limits nurture in motor development.
87. Wanda, a developmental psychologist working in dynamic systems theory, surprised her husband when she explained