b.
Nick is currently capable of producing a child, but Tamika is not.
c.
Tamika is currently capable of producing a child, but Nick is not.
d.
Neither Nick nor Tamika is fully capable of producing a child.
55. The mark of sexual maturation for a boy that is most comparable to menarche for a girl is
a.
a deepening of the voice.
b.
the first ejaculation of seminal fluid.
c.
the appearance of pubic hair.
d.
the release of androgens from the testes.
56. Over the past 100 years or so, people in industrialized societies have been maturing earlier, as well as growing heavier
and taller than in the past. This phenomenon is referred to as the
a.
b.
c.
d.
57. How is family stress, like conflict with a stepfather, most likely to impact the timing of puberty-related issues for a
girl?
a.
It will result in excessive menstruation.
b.
It will lead to earlier sexual maturity.
c.
It will delay puberty.
d.
It will have no effect on any puberty-related behaviors.
58. Overall, what can we conclude about boys’ and girls’ body images during adolescence?
a.
Girls’ body images are influenced by other people’s reactions to them but not to actual physical changes, while
boys show the opposite pattern.
b.
Both boys and girls experience puberty as an equally positive event.
c.
Girls show benefits from going through puberty but not from the changes associated with their growth spurt,
while boys show the opposite pattern.
d.
Boys hold more positive personal body images than girls.
59. Which groups of adolescents would likely have the greatest difficulties adjusting to the changes of puberty?
a.
Late-maturing boys and early-maturing girls
b.
Late-maturing boys and late-maturing girls
c.
Early-maturing boys and late-maturing girls
d.
Early-maturing boys and early-maturing girls
60. The greatest long-term negative impact of being an early-maturing female involves an increased risk of
a.
poorer academic performance.
b.
engaging in risky behaviors
c.
athletic injury.
d.
being unpopular with peers.
61. During adolescence, the physical activity levels of males continue to increase, while those of females tend to level off,
or even decline. This is most likely due to the
a.
degeneration of muscle tissue in females.
b.
traditional gender-role socialization.
c.
hormonal changes across the period of adolescence.
d.
secular trend.
62. Most physical systems peak sometime between
a.
infancy and childhood.
b.
childhood and early adulthood.
c.
early adulthood and middle adulthood.
d.
middle adulthood and older adulthood.
63. Reserve capacity tends to be most important in _____ situations.
a.
resting
b.
cognitively demanding
c.
social
d.
emergency
64. Despite being in top condition, 65-year-old Lane notices that his maximum heart rate during an aerobic exercise has
declined significantly from when he was in his 20s. This change is best explained in terms of diminished
a.
reserve capacity.
b.
dopamine level.
c.
neural plasticity.
d.
estrogen level.
65. Which best describes recent research on PMS?
a.
Most PMS is caused by a defect on the 21st chromosome.
b.
Males experience PMS about half as often as females.
c.
Severe PMS appears to be primarily an emotional response..
d.
Expectations, not hormones, play a bigger role in many cases of PMS.
66. Martha has been having difficulty dealing with the effects of menopause, so Dr. Dhillon prescribed ________ as HRT.
a.
progesterone and testosterone
b.
testosterone and androgen
c.
androgen and estrogen
d.
estrogen and progesterone
67. Although HRT using estrogen and progesterone appears to help relieve the physical symptoms of menopause, it
a.
is not well accepted because it increases emotional symptoms of menopause.
b.
is prohibitively expensive for most women.
c.
increases risk of breast cancer, heart attacks, and strokes
d.
causes restored fertility and thus risk of pregnancy if birth control is not used.
68. Now that Kurt is in his 40s, he isn’t able to lift the same heavy weights at the gym that he could in college. How much
has Kurt’s strength declined since his college workouts?
a.
30%
b.
10%
c.
15%
d.
20%
69. Osteoporosis occurs when
a.
the cushioning between joints wears out and the joints become stiff.
b.
maximal heart rates decrease so that any sort of workout requires more effort.
c.
lost minerals result in less bone mass.
d.
vitamin deficiencies lower the efficiency of the major organs.
70. One of the more interesting findings from the “Nun Study” was that _____ levels affected both longevity and health.
a.
sex
b.
religiosity
c.
education
d.
wine consumption
71. Most people would agree that the most positive aspect of the life-span developmental model is that
a.
social factors do not influence our health.
b.
we have some control over our own health.
c.
genetics set the path for our development.
d.
developmental health is measured in gains.
72. During Jorge’s recent period of depression over the loss of his job, he seemed to have less capacity to fight off
infections and catches a cold every week. This is an example of the ________ aspect of health.
a.
gain and loss
b.
sociohistorical
c.
multidimensional
d.
lifelong
73. States that have banned smoking in the workplace and in restaurants and bars have seen a decrease in the incidence of
heart disease and other illnesses caused by second-hand smoke. This is an example of the ________ aspect of health.
a.
sociohistorical
b.
gain and loss
c.
lifelong
d.
multidimensional
74. Which statement accurately reflects the multidimensional nature of health under the life-span developmental model?
a.
A person’s health capacity can improve or decrease based on their lifestyle choices in many areas.
b.
A person’s health reflects conditions in their personal environment, the broader culture, and the times.
c.
A person’s physical health can affect their social activities, which then impacts their mental health.
d.
A person’s health state is determined by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
75. Which of the following terms best reflects the perspective of the life-span developmental model on human health?
a.
static
b.
universal
c.
temporal
d.
integrated
76. Chou was born to an unemployed teenage mother and raised in a housing project in a decaying urban neighborhood.
When Chou enters school he will have difficulty due to a decreased amount of ________.
a.
pruning
b.
REM sleep
c.
androgens
d.
gray matter
77. The earliest evidence of lateralization in the brain is ________.
a.
the ability to coordinate eye-hand movements
b.
the preference for using a particular hand
c.
the elimination of the Babinski reflex
d.
the decline in risk-taking behaviors
78. Morgan just got home from school and is famished! What will he likely have for a snack while doing his homework?
a.
carrot sticks
b.
applesauce
c.
potato chips
d.
granola
79. Rhonda is in fifth grade and eats on average 2,000 calories a day. About how many of these calories come from snacks
that she eats?
a.
200
b.
500
c.
400
d.
1,000
80. Who is likely to have the highest BMI?
a.
Maya, who lives with middle-class parents who are getting a divorce
b.
Lionel, who lives in low-income housing with attentive parents
c.
Jose, who lives in a comfortable suburb with college-educated parents
d.
Leslie, who lives in trailer with an inactive dad and unemployed mother
81. What would be the most effective strategy for a school system that wants to improve students’ health and academic
performance?
a.
provide free breakfast to all students
b.
offer regular periods of physical activity
c.
reduce the calories in school lunches
d.
conduct classes in health and nutrition
82. Sanjay has just started middle school. What will happen to his axons as he progresses toward high school graduation?
a.
They will increase production of myelin until reaching the Hayflick limit.
b.
They will gradually release more androgens to promote sexual maturity.
c.
They will steadily increase in number as they become covered with insulation.
d.
They will sharply expand in number before being pruned back to adult density.
83. From a neurological perspective, the main reason that adolescents engage in potentially harmful behavior is
________.
a.
lack of lateralization
b.
heightened emotional states
c.
exposure to teratogens
d.
delayed decision capacity
84. Now that he’s preparing to graduate from college, Jason looks back at some of the knucklehead things he did in high
school and is shocked that he made it out of those days in one piece. The end of his daredevil antics can be attributed to
maturation of the ________.
a.
corpus callosum
b.
caudate nucleus
c.
prefrontal cortex
d.
basal ganglia
85. Even though her parents insist that a high school sophomore should be in bed by 9:30 on weeknights, Nadine finds it
hard to get to sleep until at least 11:00. This is likely due to an increase in her levels of ________.
a.
telomeres
b.
estrogen
c.
free radicals
d.
melatonin
86. At age 70, Althea still goes to an aerobics class two times a week. She believes it keeps her memory sharp due to the
influence on her ________.
a.
corpus callosum
b.
thalamus
c.
hippocampus
d.
parietal lobe
87. Which of the following does NOT occur in the brains of older adults?
a.
increase in insulation
b.
decrease in volume
c.
loss of brain cells
d.
reduction in blood flow