Chapter 03: Anatomical Structure of the Cell
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A virus is composed of a
a.
carbohydrate-covered capsule that contains either one strand of DNA or one strand
of RNA.
b.
carbohydrate-covered capsule that contains one strand of DNA and one strand of
RNA.
c.
protein-covered capsule that contains either one strand of DNA or one strand of
RNA.
d.
protein-covered capsule that contains one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA.
2. Prions are unique in that they
a.
are not infectious.
b.
are not inherited.
c.
are proteins.
d.
lack DNA and RNA.
3. Cell membrane proteins that occur inside the lipid bilayer are called
a.
globular proteins.
b.
integral proteins.
c.
peripheral proteins.
d.
structural proteins.
4. In the lipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane the hydrophobic fatty acids are
a.
the inside of the membrane.
b.
the outside of the membrane.
c.
within the fluid mosaic.
d.
within the membrane.
5. Pores in the cell membrane are formed by
a.
globular proteins.
b.
integral proteins.
c.
peripheral proteins.
d.
water.
6. The outside “sugar” coating of the cell membrane is called the
a.
cytoskeleton.
b.
cytosol.
c.
glycocalyx.
d.
glycolipid.
7. Glycoproteins that cover the surfaces of almost all mammalian cells and allow the cells to
bond with one another are called
a.
cell adhesion molecules (CAMs).
b.
caveolae.
c.
glycocalyx.
d.
ligands.
8. Membrane receptors are
a.
glycolipids and keratin.
b.
glycoproteins and glycolipids.
c.
integral proteins and glycoproteins.
d.
keratin and flagella.
9. Rigid areas of densely packed phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein in the cell membrane
are called
a.
rachis.
b.
rafts.
c.
rimula.
d.
rugae.
10. Chemical messengers that bind to specific binding sites on cell surfaces and bring about a
change in the cell’s activity are called
a.
caveolae.
b.
cell adhesion molecules.
c.
flagella.
d.
ligands.
11. Cilia are located
a.
in the cytoplasm of the cell.
b.
on the inner surface of the plasma membrane.
c.
on the surface of the cell.
d.
within the plasma membrane.
12. The function of a flagellum is to
a.
move a cell through a fluid.
b.
move fluid across a cell.
c.
move fluid into a cell.
d.
move fluid out of a cell.
13. The viscous, semitransparent fluid of the cell is the
a.
cytoskeleton.
b.
cytosol.
c.
fluid mosaic.
d.
globular protein.
14. Microtubules, intermediate fibers, and microfilaments are all parts of the
a.
cytoskeleton.
b.
cytosol.
c.
fluid mosaic.
d.
integral proteins.
15. Actin and myosin proteins form
a.
cytosol.
b.
intermediate fibers.
c.
microfilaments.
d.
microtubules.
16. Within the cell secretory granules, mitochondria and lysosomes will attach to
a.
microfilaments.
b.
microtubules.
c.
peripheral proteins.
d.
tonofilaments.
17. A neurofilament is an example of a/an
a.
integral protein.
b.
interconnecting fiber.
c.
intermediate fiber (of nerve cells).
d.
microfilament.
18. This thickest and strongest fiber in a cell is the
a.
centrosome.
b.
microtubule.
c.
peroxisome.
d.
spindle apparatus.
19. Which organelle in a cell is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
mitochondria
c.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
20. Which organelle in the cell is an important site for protein synthesis?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
lysosome
c.
mitochondria
d.
ribosome
21. The most common organelle in a cell is the
a.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
ribosome.
c.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
22. The powerhouse of a cell is the
a.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
lysosome.
c.
mitochondria.
d.
ribosome.
23. Ribosomes that are not free in the cytoskeleton of a cell are attached to the
a.
mitochondria.
b.
plasmalemma.
c.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
24. Where in the cell does respiration, where oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is excreted,
take place?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
mitochondria
c.
peroxisome
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
25. Which organelle in a cell acts as a modification, packaging, and distribution center for
molecules destined for secretion?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
lysosome
c.
mitochondria
d.
ribosome
26. The organelle that is considered the garbage disposal of the cell because it contains digestive
enzymes is the
a.
lysosome.
b.
mitochondria.
c.
ribosome.
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
27. Which protein degradation “machine” within the cell breaks down unwanted proteins one
protein at a time?
a.
lysosome
b.
peroxisome
c.
proteasome
d.
ribosome
28. Lysosomes are formed by the
a.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
mitochondria.
c.
proteasome.
d.
ribosomes.
29. When a cell dies, which organelle is responsible for autolysis?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
lysosome
c.
ribosome
d.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
30. Which organelle assists in the removal of free radicals, normal products of cellular
metabolism?
a.
cisternae
b.
peroxisomes
c.
ribosomes
d.
vaults
31. Fat globules in a cell are considered
a.
inclusions.
b.
lysosomes.
c.
vacuoles.
d.
vesicles.
32. The control center of a cell is the
a.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
mitochondria.
c.
nucleus.
d.
ribosome.
33. Small invaginations in the cell membrane are called
a.
caveolae.
b.
cilia.
c.
rafts.
d.
vesicles.
34. Which organelle in the cell breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules that
can be used as fuel in the cell?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
lysosome
c.
mitochondria
d.
ribosome
35. The outer layer of a cell’s nuclear membrane is continuous with the
a.
cell membrane.
b.
endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
d.
mitochondria.
36. Protein molecules are moved from the cytoplasm into the nucleus through
a.
nuclear pore complexes.
b.
nucleoli.
c.
nucleoplasm.
d.
perinuclear cisterna.
37. The nitrogen base thymine (T) found in DNA can bind only to
a.
adenine (A).
b.
cytosine (C).
c.
guanine (G).
d.
uracil (U).
38. DNA and RNA are made up of chains of
a.
five-carbon sugars.
b.
nucleoli.
c.
nucleotides.
d.
phosphates.
39. During cell division X-shaped chromosomes are formed from
a.
adenine.
b.
chromatin.
c.
cytosine.
d.
histones.
40. Under light microscopy the dark strands visible in the nucleoplasm are
a.
chromosomes.
b.
coiled chromatin.
c.
extended chromatin.
d.
genes.
41. Gene regulation is a function of
a.
chromatin.
b.
DNA.
c.
histones.
d.
RNA.