Chapter 22: Amphibian and Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Because amphibians and reptiles are generally not able to generate their own body heat, they
are referred to as
a.
ectothermic.
b.
endothermic.
c.
exothermic.
d.
hypothermic.
2. When a herptile goes into brumation, its
a.
activity level drops until the POTZ (preferred optimal temperature zone) is
restored.
b.
environmental temperature goes above the POTZ.
c.
food intake increases.
d.
metabolism rate increases.
3. The pigment-containing cells that allow some herptiles to change their skin color are called
a.
chlorocytes.
b.
chlorophores.
c.
chromatocytes.
d.
chromatophores.
4. The bony plates found within the dermis of some lizards and crocodilians are called
a.
brilles.
b.
ectoderms.
c.
osteoderms.
d.
spectacles.
5. Snakes have modified scales called __ instead of eyelids that cover their eyes.
a.
brilles
b.
ectoderms
c.
exuvia
d.
scutes
6. Ecdysis is under the control of the
a.
adrenal gland.
b.
gonads.
c.
posterior pituitary gland.
d.
thyroid gland.
7. Ecdysis in snakes is preceded by
a.
dulling of skin color and shedding of scales.
b.
opacity of the brille and dulling of skin color.
c.
redness of the skin and opacity of the brille.
d.
shedding of scales and redness of the skin.
8. Exuvia is a product of
a.
changing skin color.
b.
digestion.
c.
respiratory disease.
d.
shedding skin.
9. Dysecdysis is
a.
abnormal breathing sounds.
b.
abnormal eating habits.
c.
abnormal skin shedding.
d.
abnormal vision.
10. The iris of reptiles is made up of
a.
dense, fibrous connective tissue.
b.
hyaline cartilage.
c.
skeletal muscle.
d.
smooth muscle.
11. Which group of animals does not have true eyelids but instead has spectacles?
a.
chameleons
b.
crocodiles
c.
snakes
d.
turtles
12. Which reptiles have a tapetum?
a.
crocodiles
b.
lizards
c.
snakes
d.
turtles
13. A turtle suffering from squamous metaplasia has a diet deficient in
a.
vitamin A.
b.
vitamin B12.
c.
vitamin B6.
d.
vitamin D.
14. The reptilian heart is composed of
a.
one atrium and four ventricles.
b.
one atrium and two ventricles.
c.
two atria and four ventricles.
d.
two atria and one ventricle.
15. The crocodilian heart is different from the mammalian heart in that it has
a.
0 aorta.
b.
2 aortas.
c.
3 aortas.
d.
4 aortas.
16. The amphibian heart is similar in structure to that of a/an
a.
alligator.
b.
crocodile.
c.
sheep.
d.
snake.
17. Heterophils in reptilian blood are analogous to __ in mammalian blood.
a.
eosinophils
b.
lymphocytes
c.
monocytes
d.
neutrophils
18. The largest white blood cell in reptilian blood is the
a.
basophil.
b.
heterophil.
c.
monocyte.
d.
neutrophil.
19. Blood is most frequently drawn from the __ of a snake.
a.
jugular vein
b.
postoccipital sinus
c.
subcarapacial sinus
d.
ventral coccygeal vein
20. In which animal could the jugular vein be an option for venipuncture?
a.
alligator
b.
lizard
c.
snake
d.
tortoise
21. Because of an absence of __ vocalization in herptiles is limited.
a.
arytenoid cartilages
b.
glottal openings
c.
soft palates
d.
vocal cords
22. The type of lung structure found in turtles, lizards, and crocodilians is
a.
multicameral.
b.
paucicameral.
c.
tricameral.
d.
unicameral.
23. Gas exchange in a herptilian lung occurs in the
a.
alveoli.
b.
caudal air sac.
c.
cervical air sac.
d.
faveoli.
24. Which reptiles have complete tracheal rings?
a.
anura
b.
chelonians
c.
crocodilians
d.
squamata
25. The columella is the __ in amphibians and reptiles
a.
eardrum
b.
inner ear apparatus
c.
middle ear bone
d.
outer ear covering
26. Which reptiles do not have external ear openings?
a.
frogs
b.
geckos
c.
snakes
d.
turtles
27. All adult amphibians are
a.
carnivores.
b.
herbivores.
c.
hydrovores.
d.
omnivores.
28. The vomeronasal organ allows animals to
a.
feel ground movements.
b.
follow scents.
c.
hear low-pitched sounds.
d.
see well in the dark.
29. The keratinized beak of turtles and tortoises is called a/an
a.
acrodont.
b.
pleurodont.
c.
thecodont.
d.
tomium.
30. What type of tooth, found in lizards, does not grow back if it is lost or broken?
a.
acrodont
b.
pleurodont
c.
thecodont
d.
tomium
31. Which amphibians are capable of prolapsing their stomachs to empty and clean them?
a.
alligators and crocodiles
b.
frogs and toads
c.
salamanders and newts
d.
turtles and tortoises
32. Which reptiles have no teeth?
a.
anura
b.
chelonians
c.
crocodilians
d.
squamata
33. Which chamber of the cloaca is the most caudal?
a.
colodeum
b.
coprodeum
c.
proctodeum
d.
urodeum
34. In snakes the ureters empty into the
a.
urethra.
b.
urinary bladder.
c.
urodeum.
d.
vent.
35. In male reptiles the ductus deferens leads from the testes to the
a.
colodeum.
b.
coprodeum.
c.
proctodeum.
d.
urodeum.
36. Hemipenes are found in
a.
crocodiles and alligators.
b.
frogs and toads.
c.
snakes and lizards.
d.
turtles and tortoises.
37. Vitellogenin is produced by the reptilian
a.
developing follicle.
b.
liver.
c.
oviduct.
d.
uterus.
38. Blood levels of __ are higher than normal in reptiles during vitellogenesis.
a.
albumin
b.
calcium
c.
hemoglobin
d.
lipids
39. Some species of __ require a diapause during incubation for the embryos to develop normally
and proceed to hatching.
a.
crocodiles and alligators
b.
frogs and toads
c.
snakes and lizards
d.
turtles and tortoises
40. Crocodilians rely on the __ to determine the sex of the hatchling.
a.
diet
b.
father
c.
mother
d.
temperature
41. Most frogs and toads are
a.
larviparous.
b.
oviparous.
c.
ovoviviparous.
d.
viviparous.
42. Snake and lizard skulls are made for ingestion of large prey because they lack
a.
bony eye sockets.
b.
mandibular symphyses.
c.
quadrate bones.
d.
teeth.
43. The three sections of the reptilian spinal column are
a.
cranial, sacral, and caudal.
b.
presacral, postsacral, and caudal.
c.
presacral, sacral, and caudal.
d.
sacral, postsacral, and caudal.
44. Which animal can lose its tail through tail autonomy?
a.
alligator
b.
lizard
c.
snake
d.
tortoise
45. How many toes does a gecko have on each foot?
a.
3
b.
4
c.
5
d.
6
46. Spurs on pythons and boas are vestigial
a.
pectoral limbs.
b.
pelvic limbs.
c.
shells.
d.
wings.