Chapter 02: Chemical Basis for Life
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which four elements make up 96% of the matter found in all living organisms?
a.
calcium, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
b.
carbon, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen
c.
hydrogen, carbon, sodium, chloride
d.
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
2. The smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element is a/an
a.
atom.
b.
electron.
c.
neutron.
d.
proton.
3. A/An __ is formed when an atom gains or loses an electron.
a.
ion
b.
isotope
c.
molecule
d.
neutron
4. The smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of that compound is a/an
a.
atom.
b.
ion.
c.
isotope.
d.
molecule.
5. The most abundant organic molecules in the body are
a.
carbohydrates.
b.
lipids.
c.
proteins.
d.
water.
6. Sol-gel transformation is an ability of __ to transform from a fluid to a solid and back again.
a.
atoms
b.
colloids
c.
solutions
d.
suspensions
7. In a mixture the component that is present in the greatest amount is the
a.
solute.
b.
solution.
c.
solvent.
d.
suspension.
8. A covalent bond is formed between two molecules when they share
a.
atoms.
b.
electrons.
c.
neutrons.
d.
protons.
9. An ion with a positive charge is a/an
a.
anion.
b.
cation.
c.
electron.
d.
proton.
10. Special proteins in living organisms that speed up a chemical reaction but are not destroyed or
used up are called
a.
albumins.
b.
catalysts.
c.
enzymes.
d.
hormones.
11. An example of an organic compound is
a.
ammonia.
b.
carbohydrate.
c.
sodium chloride.
d.
water.
12. Water is the universal
a.
solute.
b.
solution.
c.
solvent.
d.
suspension.
13. Water and fats don’t mix well because fats are
a.
hydrocolloidal.
b.
hydrophilic.
c.
hydrophobic.
d.
hydrostatic.
14. Electrolytes are __
a.
anabolic compounds.
b.
catalysts.
c.
ionized salts.
d.
organic compounds.
15. A substance that ionizes when added to water and releases a hydroxyl ion (OH−) is a/an
a.
acid.
b.
base.
c.
electrolyte.
d.
solute.
16. Of the pH values below, which is considered “neutral” pH?
a.
5.4
b.
7
c.
7.4
d.
9
17. To buffer a solution means to
a.
change the pH from acidic to basic.
b.
change the pH from basic to acidic.
c.
keep the solution in a 0 (zero) pH range.
d.
keep the solution in a neutral pH range.
18. A monosaccharide contains which three atoms?
a.
calcium, hydrogen, oxygen
b.
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
c.
hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous
d.
phosphorous, calcium, carbon
19. When two monosaccharides join together they form a
a.
disaccharide.
b.
hexose sugar.
c.
pentose sugar.
d.
polysaccharide.
20. Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is a
a.
disaccharide.
b.
monosaccharide.
c.
oligosaccharide.
d.
polysaccharide.
21. Triglycerides are
a.
eicosanoids.
b.
neutral fats.
c.
phospholipids.
d.
steroids.
22. A saturated fatty acid is defined as
a.
a chain of carbon atoms with one or two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon
atom by a single bond.
b.
a chain of carbon atoms with one or two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon
atom by double or single bonds.
c.
a chain of hydrogen atoms with one or two carbon atoms attached to each
hydrogen atom by a single bond.
d.
a chain of hydrogen atoms with one or two carbon atoms attached to each
hydrogen atom by single or double bonds.
23. Which group of lipids has a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end that causes them to line
up in two layers when placed in water?
a.
eicosanoids
b.
neutral fats
c.
phospholipids
d.
steroids
24. Which group of lipids is made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids?
a.
eicosanoids
b.
neutral fats
c.
phospholipids
d.
steroids
25. Which group of lipids is characterized by a lipid bilayer?
a.
eicosanoids
b.
neutral fats
c.
phospholipids
d.
steroids
26. Which group of lipids contains prostaglandins that help mediate an inflammatory reaction?
a.
eicosanoids
b.
neutral fats
c.
phospholipids
d.
steroids
27. Cholesterol is classified as what type of lipid?
a.
eicosanoid
b.
neutral fat
c.
phospholipid
d.
steroid
28. All proteins contain
a.
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
b.
hydrogen, iron, phosphorous, and carbon.
c.
iron, carbon, sulphur, and hydrogen.
d.
oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulphur.
29. A polypeptide can be made up of a chain of as many as __ amino acids.
a.
10
b.
100
c.
250
d.
66
30. Hair is an example of a __ protein.
a.
catalytic
b.
functional
c.
globular
d.
structural
31. Substances that are catalyzed by enzymes are
a.
antibodies.
b.
hormones.
c.
solutes.
d.
substrates.
32. Denatured proteins become
a.
a beta-pleated sheet of amino acids.
b.
a group of individual amino acids.
c.
a straight chain of amino acids.
d.
an alpha helix of amino acids.
33. Which three nucleotides do both DNA and RNA have in common?
a.
adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
b.
adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)
c.
guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)
d.
guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)
34. How many nucleotides are needed to create a code for an amino acid?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
35. A sequence of nucleotides that carries information to make one peptide chain is a/an
a.
amino acid.
b.
chromosome.
c.
gene.
d.
ribosome.
36. The double helix configuration is characteristic of
a.
chromosomes.
b.
DNA.
c.
genes.
d.
RNA.
37. The energy source for cells of the body to function properly is stored in and released by
a.
ADA.
b.
ALT.
c.
AST.
d.
ATP.