(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—1)
Henslin, Essentials of Sociology, 12th Edition, Test Bank
Chapter 2: Culture
Multiple-Choice Questions
TB_Q2.1.1
The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed from one generation
to the next make up a group’s
a. identity.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. culture.
d. material culture.
TB_Q2.1.2
_____ would be part of material culture.
a. Hairstyles
b. Language
c. Beliefs
d. Values
TB_Q2.1.3
Nonmaterial culture refers to a group’s
a. art.
b. weapons.
c. ways of thinking and doing.
d. eating utensils.
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—2)
TB_Q2.1.4
One thing that can be said about material culture is that
a. it is “natural.”
b. it includes gestures.
c. it includes a people’s language.
d. there is nothing “natural” about it.
TB_Q2.1.5
Who is ethnocentric?
a. Everyone
b. Westerners
c. Easterners
d. Older people
TB_Q2.1.6
To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called
a. ethnocentrism.
b. cultural relativism.
c. folklore.
d. cultural education.
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—3)
TB_Q2.1.7
Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is true?
a. It has not been criticized by social scientists.
b. Cultural relativism has come under attack because it can lead to acceptance of
practices like genital cutting and wife beating.
c. Sociologists accept all cultures, without judgment.
d. Cultural relativism encourages cultural smugness.
TB_Q2.1.8
After a fairly short plane ride from New York City, Irving found himself on a
dusty road with goats, chickens, and motor scooters, rather than cars. Food,
clothing, and carpets were being sold by street vendors, some of whom worked
from a cloth spread on the ground, in no order that he could recognize. Irving was
experiencing
a. ethnocentrism.
b. culture shock.
c. a step back into history.
d. contact with people who shared none of his values.
TB_Q2.2.9
Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is
a. material culture.
b. symbolic culture.
c. gestural culture.
d. culture shock.
TB_Q2.2.10
An advantage of knowing a culture’s gestures is
a. they are closely tied to the language.
b. that although most gestures are recognized as universal, there are occasional
differences between cultures.
c. being able to communicate with simplicity.
d. that they will enable you to completely understand the culture.
TB_Q2.2.11
The main way people communicate is through
a. gestures.
b. intermarriage.
c. language.
d. artwork.
TB_Q2.2.12
The basis of culture is
a. customs.
b. heredity.
c. language.
d. sociology.
TB_Q2.2.13
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that
a. languages are universal.
b. some languages, such as English, are superior to others.
c. perception and language are unrelated.
d. language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.
TB_Q2.2.14
People’s _____ are their ideas of what is desirable in life.
a. values
b. mores
c. taboos
d. folkways
TB_Q2.2.15
A term for rules of behavior is
a. culture.
b. norms.
c. moral holidays.
d. sanctions.
TB_Q2.2.16
When people break norms, they receive
a. positive sanctions.
b. a day in court.
c. negative sanctions.
d. hugs and kisses.
TB_Q2.2.17
Paul loved to party at Mardi Gras, even if he was not involved in making a float
or anything else. The atmosphere on the street was just so different, so easy. He
had a great time. At such a(n) _____, the rules were loosened.
a. culture-free event
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—7)
b. police-free event
c. free-for-all
d. moral holiday
TB_Q2.2.18
When someone is walking on the right side of the sidewalk, and you are walking
faster and overtake them to their left, this is _____ in the United States.
a. a taboo
b. a more
c. illegal
d. a folkway
TB_Q2.2.19
If you kill another person, you have violated a society’s
a. mores.
b. incidental values.
c. folkways.
d. ethnocentrism.
TB_Q2.2.20
Even just the thought of the violation of a _____ fills us with revulsion.
a. taboo
b. more
c. parking regulation
d. folkway
TB_Q2.3.21
A world within the larger world of the dominant culture is a
a. superculture.
b. subculture.
c. counterculture.
d. microculture.
TB_Q2.3.22
How many subcultures does U.S. society contain?
a. Five
b. Almost 90
c. Hundreds
d. Thousands
TB_Q2.3.23
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—9)
Some of the values and norms of a _____ place it at odds with the dominant
culture.
a. subculture
b. core culture
c. counterculture
d. motorcycle group
TB_Q2.3.24
Harold got up early and cleaned and polished his motorcycle, while Fabienne
packed a picnic lunch. Their destination was a park on a lake about 50 miles
away, where they would meet some friends who also liked to ride motorcycles on
weekends. They soon got underway, driving safely on the highway at the speed
limit, enjoying the trip, while they listened to National Public Radio.
About halfway to their destination, Harold and Fabienne were overtaken
by a speeding clump of about 10 motorcycles ridden by people with swastikas on
the back of their jackets. Several of the group appeared to be completely nude
under their jackets, which was legal in their state due to an anachronistic law that
said you could not disrobe outdoors, but that did not address the situation where
you were already disrobed when you arrived outdoors.
In all likelihood, Harold and Fabienne could be termed members of a
motorcycle enthusiast _____ and the cyclists who passed them could be termed
members of a motorcycle enthusiast _____.
a. culture; subculture
b. subculture; counterculture
c. subculture; culture
d. counterculture; subculture
TB_Q2.4.25
A society made up of many different groups is called a(n)
a. pluralistic society.
b. fragmented society.
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—10)
c. anachronous society.
d. ungovernable aggravation.
TB_Q2.4.26
Sociologists call values that are shared by most of the groups in a society
a. core values.
b. taboos.
c. habitual values.
d. universal values.
TB_Q2.4.27
The core value of education has
a. been easily pursued in the United States, because college is free.
b. changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an
appropriate goal for most Americans.
c. not been held by most Americans.
d. changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an
appropriate goal only for a small number of Americans.
TB_Q2.4.28
Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is
a. parental approval.
b. economics.
c. mutual respect.
d. romantic love.
TB_Q2.4.29
“In God We Trust” appears on American money. This reflects the core value of
a. group superiority.
b. religiosity.
c. education.
d. freedom.
TB_Q2.4.30
Education, hard work, material comfort, and individualism can be said to be
bound up in
a. a confused approach to life.
b. a value contradiction.
c. a value cluster that surrounds success.
d. the value of democracy.
TB_Q2.4.31
A _____ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom,
democracy, and equality.
a. continuity
b. folkway
c. taboo
d. value contradiction
TB_Q2.4.32
Which statement about the origin of values is true?
a. Essentially, values “just happen.”
b. Values are unrelated to conditions of society.
c. Values are related to conditions of society.
d. Individuals invent their own values.
TB_Q2.4.33
Values are like lenses through which we see the world
a. not at all.
b. as it ought to be.
(Henslin 12e Test Bank) (2—13)
c. with great clarity.
d. like it is.
TB_Q2.4.34
The _____ culture refers to the values, norms, and goals that a group considers
worth aiming for.
a. real
b. concrete
c. ideal
d. fantasy
TB_Q2.4.35
The human potential movement reflects the emerging _____ value.
a. self-fulfillment
b. aging population
c. leisure
d. acceptance
TB_Q2.4.36
The term real culture refers to
a. the norms and values that people aspire to follow.
b. historical culture.
c. universal culture.
d. the norms and values that people actually follow.
TB_Q2.5.37
_____ places an emphasis on the influence of genes on human behavior.
a. Genetics-informed sociology
b. Classical sociology
c. Conflict theory
d. Sociologically informed genetics
TB_Q2.5.38
Which statement about incest is true?
a. No society permits generalized incest for its members.
b. All societies agree on what incest is.
c. The marriage of brothers and sisters is forbidden by all societies.
d. The marriage of fathers and daughters is forbidden by all societies.
TB_Q2.5.39
_____ said that sociobiology will eventually absorb sociology.
a. Charles Darwin
b. Edward Wilson
c. William Ogburn
d. Benjamin Whorf
TB_Q2.5.40
Sociobiologists believe that
a. biology is a basic cause of human behavior.
b. the key to human behavior is culture.
c. as a result of natural selection, biology no longer plays a role in human
behavior.
d. the key to human behavior is religion.
TB_Q2.5.41
_____ refer(s) to values, norms, or other cultural traits found everywhere.
a. Cultural universals
b. Global culture
c. Natural selection
d. Folkways
TB_Q2.6.42
Technology can be equated with
a. culture.
b. history.
c. tools.
d. sociology.
TB_Q2.6.43
The term new technology refers to
a. anything invented in the last five years.
b. an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life.
c. 21st century technology.
d. an established technology that changed the course of history.
TB_Q2.6.44
Cultural diffusion is a
a. group of people adopting things they find desirable from another culture.
b. one-way “street” from the West to other parts of the world.
c. change in “thinking” but not “doing.”
d. distraction from technology.
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q2.6.45
_____ refers to one part of a culture changing while other parts remain behind.
a. Cultural reluctance
b. Culture lag
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Culture shock
TB_Q2.6.46
When there is culture change, a group’s _____ usually changes first.
a. material culture
b. sociobiology
c. nonmaterial culture
d. counterculture
TB_Q2.6.47
How is our nine-month school year a living example of a culture lag?
a. Material culture never caught up with nonmaterial culture.
b. The length of the school year was determined by the farming culture of the late
1800s.
c. The school year was not lengthened to nine months until the mid-1900s.
d. The length of the school year was based on one-room schools, which have all
but vanished.
TB_Q2.6.48
What is smart clothing?
a. Science fiction
b. Fashionable clothing
c. Clothing incorporating invisible computing items
d. An extension of Google Glass
TB_Q2.6.49
In cultural leveling
a. cultures become more and more dissimilar to one another.
b. the least advanced culture dominates.
c. culture is leveled or destroyed, as in a blast.
d. cultures become more and more similar to one another.
TB_Q2.6.50
It would be fair to say that in the cultural leveling process taking place today
a. traditional cultures have all but disappeared.
b. something vital is lost forever.
c. sociobiology is at work.
d. we are producing a more distinctive, less bland way of life.
Essay Questions
TB_Q2.1.51: What are the positive and negative sides of ethnocentrism?
TB_Q2.2.52: Give at least three effects of language on human life.
TB_Q2.4.53: List at least five core values of U.S. society.
TB_Q2.4.54: Identify the five interrelated core values that are emerging as a
value cluster in the United States today.
TB_Q2.6.55: What is the sociological significance of technology?