Chapter 19: Reproductive System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The full diploid chromosome makeup of a male animal is
a.
2n,XX.
b.
2n,XY.
c.
4n,XX.
d.
4n,XY.
2. The diploid chromosome number is always
a.
an even number.
b.
an odd number.
c.
below 50.
d.
below 60.
3. If the diploid chromosome number for an animal is 44 (rabbit), what is the haploid number of
its gametes?
a.
22
b.
44
c.
5.5
d.
88
4. If the diploid chromosome number of an animal is 38 (cat), what is the diploid number of its
offspring?
a.
19
b.
38
c.
76
d.
9.5
5. Gamete meiosis results in each daughter cell having __ the number of chromosomes as the
parent cell.
a.
four times
b.
one fourth
c.
one half
d.
twice
6. When a cell undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will have __ of chromosomes as the parent
cell.
a.
four times the number
b.
half the number
c.
the same number
d.
twice the number
7. Meiosis occurs
a.
in all cells.
b.
in cells that require oxygen.
c.
only in rapidly reproducing cells.
d.
only in reproductive cells.
8. Spermatogenesis takes place in the
a.
epididymis.
b.
interstitial cells.
c.
pampiniform plexus.
d.
seminiferous tubules.
9. The male gonads are the
a.
scrotum.
b.
seminiferous tubules.
c.
spermatozoa.
d.
testes.
10. Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes?
a.
acrosome
b.
head
c.
midpiece
d.
tail
11. Which part of the spermatozoa contains the most mitochondria?
a.
acrosome
b.
head
c.
midpiece
d.
tail
12. Where is the nucleus of the spermatozoa located?
a.
acrosome
b.
head
c.
midpiece
d.
tail
13. The tail of the spermatozoa is used for
a.
penetrating the ovum.
b.
power.
c.
producing chromosomes.
d.
propulsion.
14. The gubernaculum is a
a.
band of connective tissue.
b.
intricate meshwork of tiny veins.
c.
muscular tube.
d.
sac of skin.
15. The scrotum is a
a.
band of connective tissue.
b.
intricate meshwork of tiny veins.
c.
muscular tube.
d.
sac of skin.
16. In order to fully descend, the testes must pass through the
a.
inguinal ring.
b.
rete testis.
c.
thoracic cavity.
d.
tunica albuginea.
17. What structure adjusts the position of the testes relative to the body according to the
environmental temperature?
a.
cremaster muscle
b.
gubernaculum
c.
spermatic cord
d.
vas deferens
18. The pampiniform plexus is formed from
a.
arteries.
b.
capillaries.
c.
lymph vessels.
d.
veins.
19. The structure that connects the testes to the rest of the body is the
a.
cremaster muscle.
b.
scrotum.
c.
spermatic cord.
d.
visceral vaginal tunic.
20. The thin membrane that is tightly adhered to each testis and the structures of the spermatic
cord is the
a.
common vaginal tunic.
b.
parietal vaginal tunic.
c.
tunica albuginea.
d.
visceral vaginal tunic.
21. The septa from the __ extend into the soft tissue of the testis, dividing each testis into tiny
lobules.
a.
common vaginal tunic
b.
proper vaginal tunic
c.
tunica albuginea
d.
visceral vaginal tunic
22. Another name for the capsule of the testis is the
a.
common vaginal tunic.
b.
proper vaginal tunic.
c.
tunica albuginea.
d.
visceral vaginal tunic.
23. The primary endocrine cells of the testes are the
a.
interstitial cells.
b.
primary spermatocytes.
c.
secondary spermatocytes.
d.
Sertoli cells.
24. What do the primary endocrine cells of the testes produce?
a.
androgens
b.
melanin
c.
growth hormone
d.
progestins
25. Which hormone stimulates the primary endocrine cells of the testes?
a.
FSH
b.
LH
c.
TSH
d.
TH
26. The “nurse” cells to young spermatids are the
a.
interstitial cells.
b.
primary spermatocytes.
c.
secondary spermatocytes.
d.
Sertoli cells.
27. Cryptorchidism refers to a condition of one or more
a.
extra testes.
b.
tumor of the testes.
c.
undescended testes.
d.
withered testes.
28. The maturation and storage site for the immature spermatozoa is the
a.
efferent duct.
b.
epididymis.
c.
rete testis.
d.
seminiferous tubule.
29. The vas deferens is a continuation of the
a.
ampulla.
b.
head of the epididymis.
c.
tail of the epididymis.
d.
visceral vaginal tunic.
30. A Sertoli cell tumor can produce high blood levels of
a.
androgen.
b.
estrogen.
c.
progesterone.
d.
testosterone.
31. One of the typical clinical signs of a Sertoli cell tumor may be
a.
alopecia.
b.
gynecomastia.
c.
polyphagia.
d.
testicular hyperplasia.
32. What two structures does the vas deferens connect?
a.
efferent duct and spermatic cord
b.
epididymis and efferent duct
c.
urethra and epididymis
d.
urethra and spermatic cord
33. The two portions of the male urethra are the
a.
pelvic and penile portions.
b.
penile and testicular portions.
c.
scrotal and pelvic portions.
d.
testicular and scrotal portions.
34. Which animals don’t have seminal vesicles?
a.
cats and horses
b.
dogs and cats
c.
horses and ruminants
d.
ruminants and dogs
35. The only accessory reproductive gland in canines is the
a.
bulbourethral gland.
b.
prostate gland.
c.
seminal vesicle.
d.
vesicular gland.
36. Which accessory reproductive gland secretes a mucinous fluid that lubricates the urethra for
passage of semen?
a.
bulbourethral gland
b.
prostate gland
c.
seminal vesicle
d.
vesicular gland
37. Cowper’s glands are another name for the
a.
bulbourethral gland.
b.
prostate gland.
c.
seminal vesicle.
d.
vesicular gland.
38. The majority of the volume of semen is composed of
a.
acidic secretions from the accessory reproductive glands.
b.
alkaline secretions from accessory reproductive glands.
c.
spermatids.
d.
spermatozoa.
39. The bands that attach the penis to the pelvis are the
a.
cremaster muscle.
b.
crura.
c.
gubernaculum.
d.
ischiocavernosus muscle.
40. Most of the erectile tissue is found in the __ of the penis.
a.
body
b.
glans
c.
prepuce
d.
root
41. Erectile tissue is composed of
a.
blood vessels and fibrous connective tissue.
b.
fibrous connective tissue and sinuses.
c.
muscle and blood vessels.
d.
sinuses and muscle.
42. The corpus cavernosum penis is located
a.
caudal to the urethra.
b.
cranial to the urethra.
c.
dorsal to the urethra.
d.
ventral to the urethra.
43. When engorged, the erectile tissue of the penis is filled with
a.
blood.
b.
interstitial fluid.
c.
plasma.
d.
semen.
44. Many sensory nerve endings are found in the __ of the penis.
a.
body
b.
glans
c.
prepuce
d.
root
45. Which species of animal has short spines covering the glans of the penis?
a.
canine
b.
caprine
c.
feline
d.
murine
46. Which species of animal has an os penis?
a.
bovine
b.
canine
c.
equine
d.
feline
47. The species of animals that “tie” after the male has ejaculated is the
a.
canine.
b.
caprine.
c.
equine.
d.
feline.
48. The best way to “untie” a male and female after the male has ejaculated is to
a.
do nothing until it happens naturally.
b.
gently pull them apart.
c.
pour cold water on them.
d.
pour warm water on them.
49. The sigmoid flexure of the penis is characteristic of all of these animals below except the
a.
boar.
b.
bull.
c.
ram.
d.
stallion.
50. The female reproductive organs are suspended from the dorsal part of the abdominal wall by
the
a.
broad ligaments.
b.
lateral fold.
c.
round ligaments.
d.
suspensory ligaments.
51. The female gonads are the
a.
ova.
b.
ovaries.
c.
ovaries and uterus.
d.
oviducts and ovaries.
52. The female gametes are
a.
follicular cells.
b.
granulosa cells.
c.
ova.
d.
ovaries.
53. On average, how often are oocytes replaced in the ovaries?
a.
after each pregnancy
b.
every ovarian cycle
c.
never
d.
once a month
54. Which two hormones are produced in the ovary?
a.
estrogen and progestins
b.
FSH and LH
c.
LH and estrogen
d.
progestins and FSH
55. Which hormone produced by the ovary prepares the uterus for implantation and pregnancy?
a.
estrogen
b.
FSH
c.
LH
d.
progesterone
56. Which hormone produced by the ovary is responsible for preparing a female for breeding and
pregnancy?
a.
estrogen
b.
FSH
c.
LH
d.
progesterone
57. A uniparous animal
a.
gives birth to one offspring per pregnancy.
b.
goes through one estrous cycle once a year.
c.
has been through one pregnancy.
d.
has one estrous cycle each month.
58. Follicular activation is under the influence of
a.
FSH from the ovary.
b.
FSH from the pituitary gland.
c.
LH from the ovary.
d.
LH from the pituitary gland.
59. The granulosa cells in a developing follicle
a.
become follicular cells.
b.
become ova.
c.
produce estrogen.
d.
produce progestins.
60. Most of the volume of a mature follicle is made up of the fluid-filled
a.
antrum.
b.
corona radiata.
c.
cumulus oophorus.
d.
zona pellucida.
61. Inside a mature follicle an oocyte sits on a mound of cells called the
a.
antrum.
b.
corona radiata.
c.
cumulus oophorus.
d.
zona pellucida.
62. Ovulation occurs spontaneously in which of the following species?
a.
camels and dogs
b.
cats and camels
c.
dogs and horses
d.
horses and cats
63. The rising level of which hormone induces spontaneous ovulation?
a.
FSH
b.
LH
c.
TH
d.
TSH
64. Which species is an induced ovulator?
a.
canine
b.
caprine
c.
equine
d.
feline
65. The first stage a follicle goes through after ovulation is the
a.
corona radiata.
b.
corpus hemorrhagicum.
c.
corpus luteum.
d.
cumulus oophorus.
66. When a mature reproductive gamete is ovulated, it is surrounded by a layer of cells called the
a.
corona radiata.
b.
corpus hemorrhagicum.
c.
cumulus oophorus.
d.
zona pellucida.
67. The corpus hemorrhagicum is formed under the influence of
a.
estrogen.
b.
FSH.
c.
LH.
d.
progesterone.
68. The corpus luteum produces which hormone that is necessary for pregnancy to be maintained
if fertilization takes place?
a.
androgen
b.
estrogen
c.
progesterone
d.
testosterone
69. The usual site for fertilization of a mature female gamete by a mature male gamete is in the
a.
ovary.
b.
oviduct.
c.
uterine body.
d.
uterine horn.
70. The finger-like projections that make sure the mature female gamete gets caught when it is
ovulated are the
a.
fallopian tubes.
b.
fimbriae.
c.
infundibula.
d.
oviducts.
71. If fertilization is going to happen, where must the spermatozoa be when ovulation takes place?
a.
corpus luteum
b.
oviduct
c.
uterus
d.
vagina
72. The thickest layer of the uterus is made up of
a.
dense, fibrous connective tissue.
b.
loose, areolar connective tissue.
c.
skeletal muscle.
d.
smooth muscle.
73. The cervix is located between the
a.
uterine body and the vagina.
b.
uterine horns and vagina.
c.
vagina and vulva.
d.
vulva and uterine horns.
74. The tube that receives the penis during breeding is the
a.
cervix.
b.
oviduct.
c.
vagina.
d.
vulva.
75. The only portion of the female reproductive system that is visible from the outside is the
a.
cervix.
b.
uterus.
c.
vagina.
d.
vulva.
76. What female part is equivalent to the male penis?
a.
cervix
b.
clitoris
c.
infundibulum
d.
oviduct
77. The timing for breeding is controlled by the
a.
estrous cycle.
b.
estrus cycle.
c.
testicular cycle.
d.
uterine cycle.
78. The estrous cycle is controlled by
a.
adrenal medulla hormones.
b.
anterior pituitary hormones.
c.
ovarian hormones.
d.
posterior pituitary hormones.
79. Which two hormones are directly responsible for the physical and behavioral changes that are
associated with a female in heat?
a.
estrogen and progestins
b.
FSH and LH
c.
LH and estrogen
d.
progestins and FSH
80. Which animal is a polyestrous animal?
a.
bovine cow
b.
equine mare
c.
feline queen
d.
ovine ewe
81. Which animal is seasonally polyestrous?
a.
bovine cow
b.
canine bitch
c.
feline queen
d.
porcine sow
82. Which animal is diestrous?
a.
canine bitch
b.
equine mare
c.
ovine ewe
d.
porcine sow
83. During which stage of the estrous cycle do estrogen levels reach their peak?
a.
diestrus
b.
estrus
c.
metestrus
d.
proestrus
84. During which stage of the estrus cycle can dogs develop a pseudopregnancy?
a.
anestrus
b.
diestrus
c.
estrus
d.
metestrus
85. If no pregnancy begins during an estrous cycle, when does the corpus luteum degenerate?
a.
early estrus
b.
early proestrus
c.
late diestrus
d.
late proestrus
86. In the dog, the cytology of the epithelial lining of the __ can be utilized to determine the most
effective time to breed a bitch.
a.
cervix
b.
uterus
c.
vagina
d.
vulva