516
TB_18_55_Family Relationships and Friendships_LO 18.7_APA LO 1.1
Why are sibling relationships likely to become more important in late adulthood?
A) Siblings typically provide practical assistance to each other, such as help with activities of daily living.
B) Most older adults expect to live with siblings when health problems or disabilities, such as arthritis or diabetes,
occur.
C) Siblings share reminiscences and companionship and provide each other emotional support.
D) In late adulthood, relationships with siblings are typically less stressful and have less conflict than relationships
with adult children or spouses.
TB_18_56_Gender and Ethnic Differences in Social Networks_LO 18.8_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following represents a common bias found in the research regarding social networks and older adults?
A) The research has focused mostly on women.
B) The research has focused mostly on men.
C) The research has focused more on the quality and quantity of social networks than on the health benefits.
D) The research tends to focus more on the frequency of contact than the quality of the relationships.
TB_18_57_Gender and Ethnic Differences in Social Networks_LO 18.8_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true regarding ethnicities and social networks of older adults?
A) Compared to White Americans, older African Americans tend to have less warm relationships with their siblings
and lower rates of co-residence with their children.
B) Fictive kin may be an important source of emotional support for elders of all ethnic groups.
C) Older White Americans have more extensive social networks than any ethnic group in the United States.
D) In African American groups, friends rarely acquire the status of a close sibling or other relative.
TB_18_58_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
What percentage of older adults with salaried jobs plan to continue working past the typical retirement age?
A) 60%
B) 40%
C) 20%
D) 5%
517
TB_18_59_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Professor Smith is 70 years old. She is considering retirement, but has decided instead to move to Hawaii and teach
one online class per semester. This is an example of which of the following?
A) Social retirement
B) Practical retirement
C) A bridge job
D) A transitional job
TB_18_60_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is likely to retire earliest?
A) An individual who still has young children at home
B) An individual who will rely solely on Social Security for support during retirement
C) An individual in good health
D) An individual in poor health
TB_18_61_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Who is likely to retire latest?
A) An individual whose work is challenging and interesting
B) An individual who has poor health
C) An individual whose retirement will be supported by an adequate pension and Social Security
D) A working class individual who considers his Social Security benefits to be adequate for retirement
518
TB_18_62_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is unlikely to be a factor that influences an individual’s decision to retire?
A) Personality traits
B) Financial incentives to retire
C) Financial resources during retirement
D) Health
TB_18_63_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is an important factor in determining when a woman will retire?
A) Whether or not her spouse has retired
B) Pressure from her children to retire
C) The possibility of higher earnings that will augment her retirement income
D) The likelihood that her social security income will decrease if she keeps working
TB_18_64_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is most likely to express retirement satisfaction?
A) Jaque, who has worked on-and-off during his adult years
B) Herrmann, who has worked continuously throughout his adult life
C) Harriett, who worked part-time after her children were grown
D) Wilma, who had to work full-time because she was a single mother
TB_18_65_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is suggested by your text as perhaps the greatest obstacle to employment for older adults?
A) Employers’ perceptions about older workers’ ability to learn new job skills
B) Employers’ desire to hire senior workers for minimum wage
C) Older workers’ inability to work a complete 8-hour shift
D) Older workers’ inflexibility with younger co-workers
519
TB_18_66_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
How are older adults typically evaluated by management in the work place?
A) As being harder to train than younger employees
B) As being more reliable than younger employees
C) As being less cognitively skilled than younger employees
D) As being more reliable, but less valuable than younger employees
TB_18_67_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
What is the largest source of income for most elderly adults in the United States?
A) Income from savings or other assets
B) Public assistance
C) Pension funds
D) Social Security
TB_18_68_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Statistically, which of the following is most likely to be living in poverty as an older adult?
A) Asian women
B) Hispanic American women
C) African American women
D) Native American women
TB_18_69_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a contributing factor to declining poverty rates among the elderly in the United States?
A) Cost-of-living increases in Social Security
B) Fewer elderly are having to live in assisted living environments
C) Fewer savings and fewer retirement benefits
D) Fewer elderly people are high school and college graduates
520
TB_18_70_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
What effect is retirement likely to have on health?
A) It is likely to have little or no effect.
B) It is likely to affect men but not women.
C) The health of men declines rapidly after retirement.
D) The health of women is more likely to be affected by retirement.
TB_18_71_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Research suggests that those who respond most poorly to retirement are those who
A) made an amenity move within a year of retiring.
B) retired from satisfying jobs.
C) retired while a spouse was still working.
TB_18_72_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Louise and Woodrow moved to a retirement community on a lake because they like to fish and ski. According to
Longino, their move could be considered to be which of the following?
A) Amenity move
B) Convenience move
C) Activity-related move
D) Compensatory move
TB_18_73_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following describes a move away from family that is aimed at benefiting from a particular feature of
the location?
A) Recreational move
B) Compensatory move
C) Amenity move
D) Institutional migration
521
TB_18_74_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
When Aunt Ruth began to lose her eyesight, she could no longer live alone. She was invited to move in with her
niece Anne. Ruth’s move would be considered to be which of the following?
A) Assisted living
B) Continuous
C) Amenity-oriented
D) Compensatory
TB_18_75_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the best example of a kinship move after retirement, as described by Charles Longino?
A) When Mr. and Mrs. Polanski retired, they wanted year-round opportunities to hike and bird-watch, so they
moved to a retirement community in Arizona.
B) After Mr. and Mrs. Garcia retired, they assumed custody of their grandchildren and moved to a larger house.
C) When Mrs. Short became disabled by arthritis and could no longer live independently in her home, she decided to
move into an apartment in the town where her daughter lived.
D) After Mr. Brown was released from the hospital, he entered a nursing home where he was cared for until he died.
522
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_18_76_Erikson’s Stage of Ego Integrity versus Despair_LO 18.1_APA LO 1.2
Julian is 94 years old; he happily recalls life when he was younger. He also enjoys spending time with his
grandchildren and their children. According to Erikson, Julian has achieved ________.
TB_18_77_Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning_LO 18.2_APA LO 1.2
The idea that it is normal for older adults to scale down their social lives is the basis of ________ theory.
TB_18_78_Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning_LO 18.2_APA LO 1.2
According to disengagement theory, ________ is the tendency of people to interact with fewer and fewer people and
fill fewer and fewer roles.
TB_18_79_The Successful Aging Paradigm_LO 18.3_APA LO 1.1
Volunteerism is defined as performance of unpaid work for ________ motives.
TB_18_80_Religious Coping_LO 18.4_APA LO 1.1
Older adults who rate their religious beliefs as highly important to them are more likely than others to think that
their lives have ________.
523
TB_18_82_Living Arrangements_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
Hispanic American, ________ American, and ________ American elders are more likely than others to live with
relatives.
TB_18_83_Living Arrangements_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
________ is for elderly adults who need more assistance than is available at an independent living community, but
are not in need of constant supervision.
TB_18_84_Living Arrangements_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
________ retirement communities offer a large range of care from independent living to skilled nursing.
TB_18_85_Developmental Science at Home_LO 18.6_APA LO 1.1
Even though the term “abuse” is frequently associated with physical mistreatment, among the elderly ________
abuse may be far more subtle and widespread.
524
TB_18_86_Partnerships_LO 18.6_APA LO 1.1
The normal expectation for a man in late adulthood is that he will live with a ________ or ________ until he dies.
TB_18_87_Family Relationships and Friendships_LO 18.7_APA LO 1.1
Family relationships tend to become more ________ as adults get older.
TB_18_88_Family Relationships and Friendships_LO 18.7_APA LO 1.1
Even though they provide little practical assistance, ________ relationships provide unique emotional support in old
age.
TB_18_89_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
The largest source of income for most elderly adults in the United States is ________.
TB_18_90_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
Moving to a nursing facility or other care setting because of a disability or illness is called ________.
525
Short Answer Questions
TB_18_91_Erikson’s Stage of Ego Integrity versus Despair_LO 18.1_APA LO 1.2
Define what Erikson meant by ego integrity.
TB_18_92_Erikson’s Stage of Ego Integrity versus Despair_LO 18.1_APA LO 1.2
Why is reminiscence an important part of achieving ego integrity?
TB_18_93_Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning_LO 18.2_APA LO 1.2
What are the three aspects of disengagement theory?
TB_18_94_Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning_LO 18.2_APA LO 1.2
Define continuity theory.
TB_18_95_The Successful Aging Paradigm_LO 18.3_APA LO 1.1
List four of the five components of successful aging explained in your text.
526
TB_18_96_Religious Coping_LO 18.4_APA LO 1.1
Isabelle was raised Catholic, although she only occasionally attended church services. Now that she is in her 80s,
she attends mass regularly. What is this behavior called?
TB_18_97_Religious Coping_LO 18.4_APA LO 1.1
There is a correlation between religious beliefs and health/wellbeing in older adulthood. What is the alternative
explanation offered by your text for this correlation?
TB_18_98_Research Report_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
What is filial piety?
TB_18_99_No Easy Answers_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
Identify three criteria for evaluating a long-term care facility.
TB_18_100_Partnerships_LO 18.6_APA LO 1.1
How does research support the idea that marriage has a protective effect on older adults?
527
TB_18_101_Family Relationships and Friendships_LO 18.7_APA LO 1.1
How important are relationships with adult children to older adults?
TB_18_102_Gender and Ethnic Differences in Social Networks_LO 18.8_APA LO 1.1
What are the typical characteristics of social networks for older men?
TB_18_103_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
Define and give an example of a bridge job.
TB_18_104_Timing of and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
What factors predict the ability to learn new skills in older age?
TB_18_105_Effects of Retirement_LO 18.10_APA LO 1.1
How does the financial status of single older adults compare to that of their married counterparts?
528
Essay Questions
TB_18_106_Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning_LO 18.2_APA LO 1.2
Explain activity theory. Apply this theory to older adults in terms of life satisfaction and health.
TB_18_107_The Successful Aging Paradigm_LO 18.3_APA LO 1.1
Identify and explain the components of successful aging.
TB_18_108_The Successful Aging Paradigm_LO 18.3_APA LO 1.1
Explain three criticisms of the successful aging paradigm. Ultimately, how do attitudes and the realities of aging
interact?
TB_18_109_Religious Coping_LO 18.4_APA LO 1.1
How does attendance at religious services correlate with health? Explain the possible reasons for this correlation.
529
TB_18_110_Research Report_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
What effects have Western ideas had on filial piety in some large Asian cities?
TB_18_111_Living Arrangements_LO 18.5_APA LO 1.1
List three residential options for older adults. Identify the characteristics of the aging adult as they apply to making
decisions about these options.
TB_18_112_Partnerships_LO 18.6_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the research regarding the protective nature of marriage for older adults.
TB_18_113_Timing and Reasons for Retirement_LO 18.9_APA LO 1.1
What factors are most relevant to an individual’s decision to retire?