Chapter 18: Urinary System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which two of the methods for collecting a urine sample are considered sterile techniques?
a.
bladder compression, free catch
b.
catheterization, cystocentesis
c.
cystocentesis, bladder compression
d.
free catch, catheterization
2. Most of the nitrogenous waste in the body is a result of
a.
carbohydrate metabolism.
b.
erythrocyte breakdown.
c.
fat metabolism.
d.
protein metabolism.
3. Urea is a
a.
bile pigment.
b.
bile salt.
c.
carbohydrate metabolite.
d.
nitrogenous waste.
4. Which species of animal normally has cloudy urine when it is passed?
a.
bovine
b.
equine
c.
ovine
d.
porcine
5. The specific gravity of a urine sample is a reflection of its
a.
color.
b.
concentration.
c.
pH.
d.
volume.
6. What is the correct order of organs of the urinary system from cranial to caudal?
a.
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
b.
kidneys, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
c.
ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, kidneys
d.
urethra, urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys
7. The term for a condition where very little urine is being passed is
a.
anuria.
b.
diuresis.
c.
dysuria.
d.
oliguria.
8. Which two hormones play a major role in the control of the amount of water contained in
urine?
a.
ADH and aldosterone
b.
aldosterone and estrogen
c.
estrogen and progesterone
d.
progesterone and ADH
9. Which two ions can the kidney preserve or excrete to regulate the blood pH?
a.
bicarbonate and carbon
b.
carbon and oxygen
c.
hydrogen and bicarbonate
d.
oxygen and hydrogen
10. Which hormone is produced and secreted by the kidney when an animal’s blood pressure is
too low?
a.
aldosterone
b.
epinephrine
c.
erythropoietin
d.
renin
11. Because the kidneys sit between and peritoneum and the dorsal abdominal muscles, they are
considered
a.
intrahepatic.
b.
intramuscular.
c.
retroperitoneal.
d.
retrorenal.
12. Except in the pig, the right kidney sits __ to the left kidney.
a.
caudal
b.
cranial
c.
dorsal
d.
ventral
13. Which species of animal has a lobulated kidney when viewed grossly?
a.
bovine
b.
equine
c.
ovine
d.
porcine
14. In which animal is the right kidney more heart shaped than bean shaped?
a.
cow
b.
horse
c.
pig
d.
sheep
15. The outmost layer of the kidney is the
a.
cortex.
b.
hilus.
c.
medulla.
d.
pelvis.
16. Where do blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave the kidney?
a.
capsule
b.
cortex
c.
hilus
d.
medulla
17. The collection chamber for urine in the kidney is the
a.
calyx.
b.
cortex.
c.
medulla.
d.
pelvis.
18. The basic functional unit of a kidney is the
a.
Bowman’s capsule.
b.
glomerulus.
c.
nephron.
d.
renal corpuscle.
19. A renal corpuscle is located in the renal
a.
calyx.
b.
cortex.
c.
medulla.
d.
pelvis.
20. The __ is a tuft of capillaries that filters blood in the first stage of urine production.
a.
calyx
b.
glomerulus
c.
peritubular capillary
d.
renal corpuscle
21. The fluid that is filtered through the tuft of capillaries in the first stage of urine production is
called
a.
glomerular filtrate.
b.
primitive urine.
c.
renal filtrate.
d.
tubular filtrate.
22. The medulla of the kidney is made up of mostly
a.
distal convoluted tubules.
b.
glomeruli.
c.
loops of Henle.
d.
proximal convoluted tubules.
23. Glomerular capillaries are a continuation of the
a.
afferent arterioles.
b.
efferent arterioles.
c.
peritubular capillaries.
d.
renal vein.
24. Which blood vessels have oxygenated blood entering and leaving them?
a.
afferent glomerular venule
b.
efferent glomerular venule
c.
glomerular capillaries
d.
peritubular capillaries
25. Oxygen transfer to the cells of a nephron takes place in the
a.
afferent glomerular arterioles.
b.
efferent glomerular arterioles.
c.
glomerular capillaries.
d.
peritubular capillaries.
26. The renal artery is a branch of the
a.
afferent glomerular arteriole.
b.
aorta.
c.
efferent glomerular arteriole.
d.
vena cava.
27. In what part of the kidney is a majority of the PCT found?
a.
calyx
b.
cortex
c.
medulla
d.
pelvis
28. In what part of the kidney is a majority of the DCT found?
a.
calyx
b.
cortex
c.
medulla
d.
pelvis
29. In what part of kidney are the majority of renal corpuscles found?
a.
calyx
b.
cortex
c.
medulla
d.
pelvis
30. The high blood pressure in glomerular capillaries forces some __ to leave the blood.
a.
glomerular filtrate
b.
plasma
c.
red blood cells
d.
water
31. Glomerular filtrate contains almost no __ when compared to plasma.
a.
electrolytes
b.
proteins
c.
salt
d.
water
32. The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in urine can be used as an indicator of __
damage.
a.
DCT
b.
glomerular
c.
loop of Henle
d.
PCT
33. The overall process of conserving molecules by taking them back into the body is called
a.
diffusion.
b.
filtration.
c.
osmosis.
d.
reabsorption.
34. The GFR is expressed as
a.
a percent.
b.
liters per minute.
c.
milliliters per 24 hours.
d.
milliliters per minute.
35. Sodium cotransport allows __ to attach to the carrier protein that sodium is using to passively
enter an epithelial cell.
a.
amino acids and potassium
b.
calcium and glucose
c.
glucose and amino acids
d.
potassium and calcium
36. The majority of tubular reabsorption takes place in the
a.
ascending loop of Henle.
b.
DCT.
c.
descending loop of Henle.
d.
PCT.
37. What two substances are normally 100% reabsorbed in the PCT?
a.
amino acids and potassium
b.
glucose and amino acids
c.
potassium and urea
d.
urea and glucose
38. The BUN is a measure of
a.
blood urea nitrogen.
b.
blood urine nitric acid.
c.
body urea nitric acid.
d.
body urine nitrogen.
39. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is often manifested clinically by
a.
glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia.
b.
glucosuria, proteinuria, glycemia.
c.
osmotic diuresis, glycemia, polyuria.
d.
polydipsia, polyuria, proteinuria.
40. What three substances are eliminated from the body through tubular secretion?
a.
amino acids, ammonia, hydrogen
b.
ammonia, hydrogen, potassium
c.
potassium, sodium, glucose
d.
sodium, glucose, amino acids
41. A kidney can slowly lose nearly __ of its functional ability to make urine before clinical signs
of renal failure appear.
a.
25%
b.
50%
c.
67%
d.
90%
42. What organ produces and secretes aldosterone?
a.
adrenal cortex
b.
adrenal medulla
c.
anterior pituitary
d.
posterior pituitary
43. Where does ADH exert is control over water reabsorption?
a.
collecting ducts and renal pelvis
b.
DCT and collecting ducts
c.
glomerulus and DCT
d.
renal pelvis and glomerulus
44. Diabetes insipidus can result from an inadequate release of
a.
ADH.
b.
aldosterone.
c.
estrogen.
d.
progestins.
45. Aldosterone
a.
decreases reabsorption of sodium from the DCT and collecting ducts.
b.
has no effect on kidney function or urine production.
c.
increases reabsorption of sodium from the DCT and collecting ducts.
d.
increases the secretion of ammonia from the PCT and the DCT.
46. What makes equine urine normally cloudy?
a.
casts
b.
crystals
c.
mucous
d.
mucus
47. The type of epithelium found in the urethra, ureters, and urinary bladder that allows them to
stretch is
a.
psuedostratified columnar.
b.
simple cuboidal.
c.
simple squamous.
d.
transitional.
48. What type of muscle is found in the ureters?
a.
elastic
b.
none
c.
skeletal
d.
smooth
49. Urine is moved from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
a.
12 times a day.
b.
continuously.
c.
every time an animal drinks water/fluid.
d.
when the animal has to urinate.
50. The neck of the urinary bladder is __ to the body of the urinary bladder.
a.
caudal
b.
cranial
c.
lateral
d.
medial
51. The detrusor muscle is found in the wall of the
a.
ureter.
b.
urethra.
c.
urinary bladder.
d.
vagina.
52. The sphincters that control urination are found in the
a.
neck of the urinary bladder.
b.
trigone of the urinary bladder.
c.
ureter.
d.
urethra.
53. The sphincters that control urination are under __ control.
a.
enzymatic
b.
hormonal
c.
involuntary muscle
d.
voluntary muscle
54. Which animal rarely develops uroliths?
a.
cow
b.
dog
c.
goat
d.
horse
55. Which animal has uroliths that resemble sand rather than large stones?
a.
cat
b.
dog
c.
goat
d.
sheep
56. Struvite crystals will precipitate out in urine with a pH of
a.
6.0.
b.
7.0.
c.
7.5.
d.
9.0.
