Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
1. It is most accurate to say that biological death
a.
is a single event with a clear-cut end point.
b.
occurs when a person stops breathing.
c.
is a process consisting of multiple events.
d.
officially occurs when the heart stops beating.
2. Owen and colleagues (2006) conducted research on a young woman who had been in a vegetative state for five months.
When she was asked to imagine visiting rooms of her house,
a.
she awakened from the vegetative state.
b.
she described which rooms she was visiting.
c.
her brain responded in the same manner as a healthy brain.
d.
her brain showed no measurable reaction to the stimuli.
3. Active euthanasia is also called
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Who is engaging in active euthanasia?
a.
Adam, who is withholding pain-killing drugs from a patient
b.
Shakita, who is removing a feed-tube from a patient
c.
Alonzo, who is injecting a terminally ill patient with a lethal dose of drugs
d.
Rhonda, who is removing a respirator from a patient who is totally brain dead
5. Which of the following is an example of passive euthanasia?
a.
Giving a terminally ill patient a lethal dose of drugs
b.
Permitting a terminally ill patient to give him/herself a lethal dose of drugs
c.
Removing a patient who is brain dead and in an irreversible coma from a respirator
d.
Smothering a terminally ill patient to death at his request
6. Deanna is dying of cancer and her feeding tube was just removed by a nurse. If the goal of this action would be to have
her eventually die, it is best considered
a.
passive euthanasia
b.
active euthanasia
c.
physician-assisted suicide
d.
self-inflicted suicide
7. Which of the following is an example of assisted suicide?
a.
Instructing a terminal patient on how to mix bleach and ammonia to create a deadly gas
b.
Injecting someone with a lethal dose of a drug that he or she is already taking
c.
Withholding medical treatment for a chronic disorder
d.
Removing someone from a respirator when brain activity is nonexistent
8. Some doctors will prescribe painkillers or sleeping pills for terminally ill patients, knowing that the patient may very
well deliberately take a lethal overdose. This is an example of
a.
active euthanasia
b.
passive euthanasia
c.
fratricide
d.
assisted suicide
9. In the United States, there is overwhelming support among members of the general public for
a.
passive euthanasia
b.
assisted suicide
c.
active euthanasia
d.
banning euthanasia and assisted suicide.
10. The main purpose of a living will is to
a.
make provisions for the division of property among loved ones after one’s own death.
b.
specify how much medical care you wish to receive if you become hopelessly ill.
c.
appoint guardians to care for all living minor offspring upon one’s death.
d.
make active euthanasia legal for one’s self.
11. Immediately after a loved one’s death. _____ families may engage in Shivah, in which they withdraw from normal
activities and mourn for a week.
a.
Irish
b.
Jewish
c.
Japanese
d.
Puerto Rican
12. In the United States, the average life expectancy is currently about _____ years.
a.
72
b.
79
c.
84
d.
86
13. Which of the following is true regarding life expectancies in the United States today?
a.
Life expectancy for all people, regardless of race and gender, is very similar.
b.
Males are generally expected to outlive females by about three years.
c.
Hormonal difference may account for sex differences in life expectancy.
d.
Life expectancy is not influenced socioeconomic level.
14. Based on statistics, which United States resident would you expect to have the longest lifespan?
a.
Lenny, an African-American male
b.
Rochelle, an African-American female
c.
Gerard, a European-American male
d.
Kathy, a European-American female
15. Based on statistics, which United States resident would you expect to have the shortest lifespan?
a.
Tyler, an African-American male
b.
Tonya, an African-American female
c.
Patrick, an European-American male
d.
Ellie, an European-American female
16. Statistically, an individual born in _____ would have the shortest life expectancy.
a.
Sweden
b.
Japan
c.
China
d.
Chad
17. In the United States, the death of an eight-year-old child would be most likely be due to
a.
cancer
b.
some congenital abnormalities
c.
car accident
d.
child abuse
18. Rosa’s 70-year-old uncle Hector, who lives in the United States, just died. As a knowledgeable individual, Rosa would
realize that statistically, the most likely cause of his death was
a.
heart disease
b.
suicide
c.
cancer
d.
cerebrovascular disease
19. Kübler-Ross suggested that upon initially being told that they are going to die, most people respond with
a.
denial
b.
anger
c.
bargaining
d.
depression
20. Despite the fact that Rajesh knows his friend Sorboni is dying of cancer, the next time they meet, Rajesh says, “Don’t
worry about it, we all know that you are going to be fine.” According to Kübler-Ross, Rajesh’s statement exemplifies the
dying-related coping device of
a.
denial
b.
anger
c.
bargaining
d.
depression
21. In Kübler-Ross’s original model, the reaction of denial and isolation is followed by the reaction of
a.
acceptance
b.
anger
c.
bargaining
d.
depression
22. Frieda has been told she is going to die due to an inoperable brain tumor. Her children are young, and she cannot stand
the thought of leaving them behind. All day long, she thinks over and over again, “I hate those doctors for not finding this
sooner.” Frieda appears to be in the _____ stage of dying.
a.
denial
b.
bargaining
c.
anger
d.
depression
23. Sylvia has terminal cancer. After years of very irregular church attendance, Sylvia begins to go to church every
Sunday. She asks of God, “Please let me live to see my daughter graduate from college. I’ll be a good Christian. I’ll mend
my ways. Just let me live…” This description indicates that Sylvia is in the _____ stage of dying.
a.
anger
b.
bargaining
c.
denial
d.
depression
24. A hope for less pain, more time, or provisions for children are most common during the _____ stage of dying.
a.
isolation
b.
denial
c.
bargaining
d.
acceptance
25. In her original model, Kübler-Ross’s last stage of dying involved
a.
anguish over unfinished business that must be left behind.
b.
depression and feelings of hopelessness.
c.
anger and resentment directed toward those who will go on living.
d.
peaceful acceptance of the inevitable.
26. Kübler-Ross viewed the _____ stage of development as characterized by a feeling that, “the pain is gone,” “the
struggle is over,” and “a time of rest before the journey.”
a.
bargaining
b.
isolation
c.
acceptance
d.
depression
27. According to Kübler-Ross, a sense of _____ permeates through all five stages of the dying process.
a.
resentment
b.
uncertainty
c.
hope
d.
fear
28. With regard to Kübler-Ross’s theory, subsequent research on death and dying has
a.
provided substantial support for her theory.
b.
found that anger is not a typical reaction to death.
c.
found that the dying process does not progress sequentially.
d.
found that her theory holds in the United States, but not in other cultures.
29. Shneidman’s work in the area of death and dying suggests that
a.
it is more normal to remain depressed than to reach acceptance toward the end of the dying process.
b.
there is a distinct sequence of stages that people pass through with regard to the acceptance of death.
c.
dying people experience myriad emotional responses, with many unpredictable ups and downs.
d.
the cause of death has little impact on one’s reaction to the dying process.
30. Grief is best defined as
a.
the emotional response to loss.
b.
culturally accepted ways of reacting to loss.
c.
the process of dealing with the deceased’s remains.
d.
a status of being without.
31. Nine-year-old Sarah died from cancer. Her teacher and her classmates made black armbands to wear for a month
following her death. Due to the fact that in Sarah’s culture, the wearing of black is common following a death, wearing
the armbands best illustrates the concept of
a.
bargaining
b.
depression
c.
grief
d.
mourning
32. Khalid has just found out that his friend Jason is terminally ill. This has made him feel sad and lonely at the thought of
living life without his pal. Khalid’s feelings best represent the concept of
a.
bargaining
b.
anticipatory grief
c.
denial and isolation
d.
maturational grief.
33. The Parkes/Bowlby model of bereavement suggests that
a.
a grieving adult is much like an infant who is experiencing separation anxiety.
b.
there is a series of clear-cut stages one passes through in mourning one’s loss
c.
grief that lasts much longer than six months is maladaptive.
d.
longing to have the loved one return becomes most intense about one year following death.
34. Lawrence just found out that his best friend was killed in a car accident. Lawrence’s emotional state would best be
described as one of shock, and he feels like his emotions will burst out of him at any moment. Parkes/Bowlby would most
likely describe his grief state in terms of
a.
reorganization
b.
numbness
c.
yearning
d.
disorganization/despair
35. The sense of separation anxiety described in the Parkes/Bowlby attachment model of bereavement is most closely
associated with the _____ reaction.
a.
reorganization
b.
numbness
c.
yearning
d.
disorganization/despair
36. After her husband dies, Carmen finds herself unable to sleep and very preoccupied with thoughts of her husband and
the events surrounding his death. Carmen is best described as experiencing what Parkes/Bowlby referred to as
a.
yearning
b.
numbness
c.
reorganization
d.
disorganization and despair
37. According to the Parkes/Bowlby model of bereavement, the feelings of apathy and defeat felt in response to knowing
that you will never be reunited with the deceased are most likely to initially occur during the _____ stage of bereavement.
a.
yearning
b.
numbness
c.
reorganization
d.
disorganization and despair
38. Allen’s wife died almost one year ago. For a long period, he experienced overwhelming emotional turmoil. In the past
few weeks, however, he seems to have pulled himself together and started to make the transition into being a widower.
According to the Parkes/Bowlby model, Allen is best classified as now being in a state of
a.
yearning
b.
numbness
c.
reorganization
d.
disorganization and despair
39. Research on the Parkes/Bowlby model demonstrated that _____ was the strongest reaction 24 months after a time of
loss.
a.
depression
b.
disbelief
c.
anger
d.
acceptance
40. According to the dual-process model, the bereaved
a.
are typically both happy and sad.
b.
oscillate between coping and taking a break from coping.
c.
experience physical stress but not emotional stress.
d.
can be in a state of acceptance and denial at the same time.
41. After her husband died, Talat focused a great deal of her attention on learning how to take care of the garden, a task
formerly performed by her deceased husband. Her actions represent _____ coping.
a.
anticipatory
b.
restoration-oriented
c.
complicated
d.
loss-oriented
42. Diane’s friend recently lost her mother and has been acting depressed or irritable. If Diane follows the typical response
pattern with her friend, she will
a.
sympathize, and later grow weary.
b.
sympathize, and later become more attached to her friend.
c.
be unsympathetic, but later become more attached to her friend.
d.
be unsympathetic, but later become sympathetic.
43. What can we conclude regarding an infant’s experience of death?
a.
Infants who have developed an understanding of here vs. all gone may show some of the same reactions that
adults do in response to loss of an attachment figure.
b.
Most infants understand that death means that life processes stop, but they believe that it can be undone or
reversed.
c.
Infants are biologically programmed to show grief responses to the loss of a caretaker, regardless of the age of
the infant.
d.
Infants who show separation protest and depression-like symptoms have clearly demonstrated that they have
an accurate cognitive understanding of death.
44. Bowlby suggested that the order of infant bereavement is
a.
protest to despair to detachment.
b.
protest to detachment to despair.
c.
despair to protest to detachment.
d.
despair to detachment to protest.
45. Three months after her mother died, 13-month-old Jessica, who initially searched everywhere for her mom and then
appeared very sad, has now taken a renewed interest in playing with her toys and interaction with new people. Bowlby
would suggest that Jessica is in the _____ phase of bereavement.
a.
protest
b.
detachment
c.
despair
d.
complicated
46. Tenisha was not that upset at her grandfather’s funeral because, as she puts it, “It’s okay. We can see him when he
gets better tomorrow.” Tenisha’s statement indicates that she lacks an understanding of both the _____ aspects of death.
a.
finality and irreversibility
b.
irreversibility and universality
c.
universality and biological causality
d.
biological and psychological causality
47. Who is best demonstrating an understanding of the universality of death?
a.
James, who says, “My grandpa died and never came back.”
b.
Chung, who says, “You can die from cancer that is inside of you.”
c.
Lisa, who says, “Everything that lives dies.”
d.
Marisol, who says, “Machines cannot die.”
48. Which statement represents an understanding of the most cognitively challenging aspect of death?
a.
“The dead cannot see you from beyond.”
b.
“Once dead, always dead.”
c.
“Everyone eventually dies.”
d.
“You can die from something invisible inside of you.”
49. As a typical seven-year-old, Tommy likely understands the basics of every death concept EXCEPT
a.
finality.
b.
irreversibility.
c.
continuing bonds.
d.
biological causality.
50. Telling a young child that death is like “going to sleep” is
a.
a good way to protect him or her from the brutality of death.
b.
a good way to help him or her understand that death happens to everyone.
c.
likely to contribute to his or her misconception that death is a temporary state.
d.
likely to lead to a more mature conception of why people die.
51. Preschool-aged children who are dying are most likely to
a.
stop engaging in normal activities with their peers.
b.
engage in violent pretend play out of frustration.
c.
talk a great deal about their feelings regarding death.
d.
give away their belongings.
52. Twelve-year-old Marcus and his four-year-old brother Taye recently experienced the death of their mother. How are
their reactions to this loss most likely to differ?
a.
Taye is less likely to throw temper tantrums.
b.
Taye is less likely to manifest toileting difficulties.
c.
Marcus is more likely to show disturbances in his eating behavior.
d.
Marcus is more likely to find comfort by imagining his mother.