Chapter 17: Nutrients and Metabolism
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Of the six categories of nutrients, which three produce energy when they are consumed?
a.
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
b.
lipids, vitamins, and proteins
c.
minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins
d.
proteins, lipids, and minerals
2. Taurine is an essential nutrient for which species of animal?
a.
canine
b.
equine
c.
feline
d.
ovine
3. In animals that require taurine as an essential nutrient, a deficiency can lead to
a.
cataracts.
b.
conjunctivitis.
c.
glaucoma.
d.
retinal degeneration.
4. On the average, most mammals are about __ water.
a.
40%
b.
50%
c.
70%
d.
90%
5. A loss of a minimum of __ of its water would be fatal to an animal.
a.
15%
b.
25%
c.
35%
d.
5%
6. The major cellular fuel for the body is
a.
ADP.
b.
ATP.
c.
glucose.
d.
water.
7. When an animal starts breaking down body fat to compensate for a caloric deficiency in its
diet, __ are released into the bloodstream.
a.
amino acids
b.
ketones
c.
monosaccharides
d.
polysaccharides
8. Postparturient ketosis usually appears
a.
during fertilization of an ova.
b.
during lactation.
c.
during the first trimester of pregnancy.
d.
when an embryo becomes a fetus.
9. Triglycerides are named for their
a.
three fatty acids attached to a glucose molecule.
b.
three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
c.
three glucose molecules attached to a fatty acid chain.
d.
three glycerol molecules and three fatty acid molecules joined together.
10. The fat-soluble vitamins are
a.
A, B12, C, D.
b.
A, D, E, K.
c.
C, B6, B12, E.
d.
C, D, E, K.
11. The most important dietary steroid is
a.
cholesterol.
b.
glycogen.
c.
linolenic acid.
d.
polyunsaturated fat.
12. More than __ amino acids linked together is considered a protein.
a.
10
b.
3
c.
2
d.
50
13. How many amino acids are there?
a.
10
b.
12
c.
22
d.
50
14. The nitrogen balance in a body is maintained by excretion of nitrogen primarily by the
a.
kidneys.
b.
large intestine.
c.
lungs.
d.
stomach.
15. Plant and grain protein digestion in ruminants occurs primarily in the
a.
abomasum.
b.
omasum.
c.
reticulum.
d.
rumen.
16. Which system in the body is the most unaffected by starvation?
a.
cardiovascular
b.
muscular
c.
nervous
d.
skeletal
17. The primary function of dietary vitamins is to
a.
activate enzymes.
b.
break down proteins.
c.
degrade minerals.
d.
metabolize carbohydrates.
18. Examples of macrominerals are
a.
calcium, magnesium, potassium.
b.
iodine, iron, sodium.
c.
nickel, phosphorus, selenium.
d.
sulfur, copper, chlorine.
19. Examples of microminerals are
a.
cobalt, calcium, chromium.
b.
copper, iodine, iron.
c.
magnesium, zinc, fluorine, sulfur.
d.
manganese, magnesium, molybdenum.
20. Examples of trace elements are
a.
calcium, potassium, sodium.
b.
chlorine, selenium, fluorine.
c.
cobalt, fluorine, sulfur.
d.
iodine, iron, zinc.
21. Which of the following minerals is the most abundant in the body?
a.
calcium
b.
iron
c.
potassium
d.
sodium
22. The first stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the
a.
gall bladder.
b.
liver.
c.
pancreas.
d.
stomach.
23. During catabolic metabolism protein is broken down by hydrolysis into
a.
amino acids.
b.
fatty acids.
c.
monosaccharides.
d.
nucleotides.
24. During catabolic metabolism carbohydrates are broken down by hydrolysis into
a.
amino acids.
b.
fatty acids.
c.
monosaccharides.
d.
nucleotides.
25. During catabolic metabolism fats are broken down by hydrolysis into fatty acids and
a.
amino acids.
b.
glycerol.
c.
monosaccharides.
d.
nucleotides.
26. The second stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the
a.
cell membrane.
b.
cytosol.
c.
mitochondria.
d.
ribosomes.
27. The third stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the
a.
cell membrane.
b.
cytosol.
c.
mitochondria.
d.
ribosomes.
28. During dehydration synthesis a __ molecule is produced.
a.
monosaccharide
b.
potassium chloride
c.
sodium chloride
d.
water
29. The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is the
a.
substance.
b.
substate.
c.
substrate.
d.
substratum.
30. What happens to the enzyme after an enzymatic reaction is complete?
a.
It gains a water molecule.
b.
It loses a carbon atom.
c.
It loses its hydrogen atoms.
d.
Nothing happens.
31. Each enzyme has the capability of initiating a maximum of how many types of enzymatic
reactions.
a.
5
b.
1
c.
10
d.
2
32. A catalyst
a.
lowers the activation energy of a reaction and slows down the reaction.
b.
lowers the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the reaction.
c.
raises the activation energy of a reaction and slows down the reaction.
d.
raises the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the reaction.
33. Most enzymes end with the suffix
a.
–ace.
b.
-ase.
c.
-ate.
d.
-atyl.
34. In general, cofactors and coenzymes assist with
a.
anabolic metabolism.
b.
catabolic metabolism.
c.
enzymatic reactions.
d.
hydrolytic reactions.
35. In total, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be formed from each
molecule of glucose that enters a cell?
a.
16
b.
18
c.
36
d.
38
36. Where in the cell would you find the cristae?
a.
cell membrane
b.
cytoplasm
c.
mitochondria
d.
nucleus
37. Hemoglobin is classified as a
a.
membrane protein.
b.
protective protein.
c.
structural protein.
d.
transport protein.
38. Insulin is classified as a
a.
membrane protein.
b.
protective protein.
c.
regulatory protein.
d.
transport protein.
39. Starches are
a.
disaccharides that come from milk and honey.
b.
monosaccharides found in most vegetables.
c.
monosaccharides that come from fruits, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
d.
polysaccharides that come from grains, root vegetables, and legumes.
40. Cellulose is a
a.
disaccharide that comes from milk and honey.
b.
polysaccharide found in most vegetables.
c.
monosaccharide that comes from fruits, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
d.
monosaccharide that comes from grains, root vegetables, and legumes.