53. Who provides the best example of ruminative coping?
a.
Pam, who just cannot stop thinking about how depressed she feels
b.
Javier, who has become addicted to the antidepressants he is taking
c.
Aaliyah, who is relying on coworkers’ advice to address anger issues
d.
Tuan, who refuses to acknowledge the fact that he has ADHD
54. Unproductively dwelling on one’s problems is referred to as
a.
role reversal.
b.
echolalia.
c.
ruminative coping.
d.
comorbidity.
55. In the United States, suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in adolescence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
56. According to statistics, who is most likely to commit suicide?
a.
George, an 18-year-old black male
b.
Leonard, a 65-year-old white male
c.
Paul, a 42-year-old white male
d.
Jackson, a 29-year-old black male
57. Which of the following is true with regard to adolescent suicide?
a.
More males than females attempt and are successful at committing suicide.
b.
More females than males attempt and are successful at committing suicide.
c.
More males attempt suicide, but more females are successful at committing suicide.
d.
More females attempt suicide, but more males are successful at committing suicide.
58. Which is not one of the four key risk factors in teenage suicide?
a.
Family pathology
b.
Access to firearms
c.
Stressful life events
d.
Late maturation
59. Who is most likely to be diagnosed with depression?
a.
Mark, a 25-year-old male
b.
Rochelle, a 30-year-old female
c.
Viktor, a 75-year-old male
d.
Ethel, a 90-year-old female
60. Which statement concerning depression in adulthood is true?
a.
Treatments for depression in adulthood are highly ineffective.
b.
Older adults are highly likely to be overdiagnosed with depression.
c.
Depression symptoms in older adulthood require sophisticated DSM diagnostic criteria.
d.
A major challenge in treating older individuals with depression is getting them to seek treatment.
61. Dementia is best defined as
a.
a sudden loss of memory and intelligence.
b.
an inevitable, normal change in the brain with age.
c.
a progressive loss of neural functioning.
d.
a one-time period of significant disorientation.
62. Dr. Quincy is about to conduct an autopsy on an individual he suspects has died due to complications of Alzheimer’s
disease. Which findings would verify his suspicion?
a.
Neurofibrillary tangles
b.
Occipital lobe degeneration
c.
Excess myelin
d.
Advanced pruning
63. What brain change is best associated with Alzheimer’s disease?
a.
Senile plaque
b.
Excessive serotonin production
c.
Expanded synaptic gaps
d.
Reduced levels of dopamine
64. The first signs of Alzheimer’s disease typically includes
a.
getting lost in familiar surroundings.
b.
a loss of language skills.
c.
personality changes.
d.
forgetting self-care such as eating.
65. The extra “brain power” that individuals can sometimes rely on when disease begins to take a toll on their brain
functioning is referred to as
a.
cognitive reserve.
b.
mirroring neurons.
c.
ruminative coping.
d.
reversed roles.
66. Vascular dementia
a.
cannot occur in combination with Alzheimer’s disease.
b.
results from a series of small strokes.
c.
has a very powerful genetic basis.
d.
results from incorrectly prescribed medications.
67. A key difference between Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia is that vascular dementia is more strongly
a.
influenced by genetic factors.
b.
influenced by lifestyle choices.
c.
associated with dementia.
d.
associated with delirium.
68. Delirium is best defined as
a.
another term for dementia.
b.
incurable.
c.
a reversible state of confusion and disorientation.
d.
a normal part of the aging process.
69. Which of the following is the most likely to be a reversible condition?
a.
Dementia
b.
Alzheimer’s disease
c.
Delirium
d.
Vascular dementia
70. According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following aspects of stress plays a key role in development of
depression?
a.
norms for exposure
b.
source of exposure
c.
frequency of exposure
d.
capital improvements.
71. Kendrick is thrilled to be giving a speech to open the sixth grade field day. He talks on and on and seems to be
unaware that the children are fidgeting and not paying attention because they want to start the festivities. What likely is
causing Kendrick’s behavior?
a.
conduct disorder
b.
Asperger’s syndrome
c.
autism
d.
ADHD
72. First grader Jenna has been diagnosed with autism. Which of the following may have occurred in Jenna’s brain during
her first months of life?
a.
tangling of synaptic stems
b.
heavy pruning of neurons
c.
overgrowth of neurons
d.
thickening of myelin
73. One of the reasons for the increase in rates of autism is ________.
a.
maternal teratogens
b.
enhanced awareness
c.
combination vaccines
d.
electronic fields
74. Which of the following is critical to achieving optimal treatment outcomes for someone with autism spectrum
disorder?
a.
peer socialization
b.
limited medication
c.
early intervention
d.
brain scanning
75. Which of the following infants faces the lowest risk of depression?
a.
Sammy, who has resistant attachment
b.
Trina, whose mother is short-tempered
c.
Akbar, whose mother is an opioid addict
d.
Estella, whose father died in an accident
76. Which of the following will likely experience more internalizing problems?
a.
Malik, a 7-year-old boy
b.
Nina, a 9-year-old girl
c.
Avi, a 14-year-old boy
d.
Tracey, a 16-year-old girl
77. Carol and Zack have a son, Ian. Tenisha and Bill have a son, Martin. As a child, Zack had ADHD. What is the relative
risk of developing ADHD for Ian and Martin?
a.
Martin has one-half the risk that Ian has.
b.
Ian and Martin have roughly the same risk.
c.
Ian has a five times higher risk than Martin.
d.
Ian’s risk is three times higher than Martin’s.
78. Which of the following is a key neural factor in ADHD?
a.
synaptic pruning
b.
impulse control
c.
sensory adaptation
d.
serotonin uptake
79. Jonathan was treated for ADHD throughout his childhood, but he managed to finish school. Recently, however, he lost
his job at a downtown office. What was the likely cause?
a.
disruptiveness
b.
sexual harassment
c.
recklessness
d.
procrastination
80. Third grader Rajon has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following is he most likely to display?
a.
impatience
b.
interrupting
c.
disorganization
d.
fidgeting
81. Seven girls in the fourth grade at Lyons Elementary School have ADHD. How many of the fourth grade boys likely
have the disorder?
a.
4
b.
9
c.
15
d.
21
82. Prab thinks she should take her preschool-aged son Jay to be assessed for depression. Which of the following likely
raised a flag of concern for Prab?
a.
Jay expresses strong dislike for his baby sister.
b.
Jay no longer seems to enjoy the playground.
c.
Jay has told his mother that he feels worthless
d.
Jay engages in binge eating when he is upset.
83. Carlos seems intent on testing his parents’ limit to the breaking point in his last year of high school. First he cracked up
the car on a late-night joy ride to the beach, then he broke his wrist jumping off the roof, and then he got arrested for being
rowdy at a political demonstration. What is likely creating such stormy behavior in Carlos’s life?
a.
diathesis-stress
b.
serotonin deficit
c.
sensation-seeking
d.
peer socialization
84. Which adolescent girl is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa?
a.
Xue, who lives in a Beijing apartment
b.
Megan, who lives in a London townhouse
c.
Thuy, who lives on a Vietnamese farm
d.
Rose, who lives on a Vermont ranch
85. Jennifer doesn’t allow her middle-school aged daughter Sasha to read fashion magazines or watch reality shows with
teams of aspiring models. Jennifer is afraid that the ________ can trigger anorexic behaviors in Sasha that she herself
struggled with in college.
a.
sexual imagery
b.
thin ideal
c.
peer socialization
d.
fitness focus
86. Which of the following best reflects the philosophy behind Eric Stice’s Body Project?
a.
Your mirror is telling lies.
b.
Beat back cultural messages.
c.
Just be who you are inside.
d.
I know what’s best for me.