Chapter 16: Digestive System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An example of a hindgut fermenter is a
a.
cat.
b.
dog.
c.
goat.
d.
horse.
2. An example of an omnivore is a
a.
goat.
b.
horse.
c.
pig.
d.
sheep.
3. In herbivores the process of converting plant material into usable nutrients is accomplished
through
a.
eructation.
b.
mastication.
c.
prehension.
d.
rumination.
4. The serosa is the
a.
innermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract.
b.
outer layer of the wall of the GI tract.
c.
outermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract.
d.
the inner layer of the wall of the GI tract.
5. What effect does sympathetic nerve stimulation have on digestion?
a.
diarrhea
b.
enhances digestion
c.
inhibits digestion
d.
vomiting
6. The function of the myenteric plexus is
a.
to control blood flow to the GI tract.
b.
to control gastric emptying.
c.
to control movement of food through the GI tract.
d.
to control rectal emptying.
7. Gastrin and cholecystokinin are
a.
acids.
b.
chyme.
c.
enzymes.
d.
hormones.
8. Another name for the buccal cavity is the
a.
esophagus.
b.
larynx.
c.
oral cavity.
d.
pharynx.
9. The vestibule is
a.
where the esophagus enters the stomach.
b.
where the stomach joins the duodenum.
c.
the space between the outer surface of the teeth and the surrounding lips and
cheeks.
d.
the space in a tooth that contains the blood supply and nerves for the tooth.
10. Another name for chewing is
a.
chemical digestion.
b.
deglutition.
c.
mastication.
d.
prehension.
11. Which part of the tooth extends above the gum line?
a.
apex
b.
crown
c.
neck
d.
root
12. The part of the tooth where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth is the
a.
apex.
b.
crown.
c.
neck.
d.
root.
13. The surface of the tooth that faces the animal’s lips is the __ surface.
a.
buccal
b.
labial
c.
lingual
d.
palatal
14. The surfaces of the teeth that come together when an animal closes its mouth are the __
surfaces
a.
buccal
b.
labial
c.
lingual
d.
occlusal
15. What type of tooth grows continually throughout the life of an animal?
a.
aradicular hypsodont teeth
b.
brachyodont teeth
c.
heterodont teeth
d.
radicular hypsodont teeth
16. Which teeth are normally missing in ruminants?
a.
lower front incisors
b.
lower premolars
c.
upper front incisors
d.
upper premolars
17. How many canine teeth does a ewe have?
a.
0
b.
2
c.
4
d.
8
18. The cheek teeth are the
a.
canines and incisors.
b.
molars and incisors.
c.
premolars and canine teeth.
d.
premolars and molars.
19. The largest cutting teeth in the jaw of a carnivore are known as the ___ teeth.
a.
carinal
b.
carious
c.
carnassial
d.
carnitine
20. In the Triadan System for documenting teeth, the left mandibular arch contains teeth in the
___ series.
a.
100
b.
200
c.
300
d.
400
21. The body of the tongue is made up of mostly
a.
adipose tissue.
b.
connective tissue.
c.
muscle tissue.
d.
nervous tissue.
22. Which one of the following animals has a dental pad?
a.
cat
b.
cow
c.
dog
d.
horse
23. Which salivary gland, located ventral to the ear, produces nearly half of the total volume of
saliva produced?
a.
mandibular
b.
parotid
c.
sublingual
d.
zyomatic
24. The two bones that are connected with the TMJ are the
a.
mandible and temporal bones.
b.
maxilla and temporal bones.
c.
talus and maxilla bones.
d.
temporal and malleus bones.
25. When the lower jaw moves laterally and rostrally the movement is called
a.
transcription.
b.
transduction.
c.
transformation.
d.
translation.
26. The cartilage that makes up part of the laryngeal cartilage and prevents food from being
aspirated into the trachea is the __ cartilage.
a.
arytenoid
b.
cricoid
c.
epiglottic
d.
thyroid
27. The position of the esophagus in relation to the trachea as it travels down the neck is
a.
dorsal to the trachea.
b.
to the left of the trachea.
c.
to the right of the trachea.
d.
ventral to the trachea.
28. The cardiac sphincter is located
a.
at the caudal end of the esophagus.
b.
at the cranial end of the esophagus.
c.
at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum.
d.
at the junction of the stomach and the duodenum.
29. Swallowing happens in three stages. Which stage(s) is/are voluntary and which stage(s) is/are
involuntary?
a.
Stage one is involuntary; stages two and three are voluntary.
b.
Stage one is voluntary; stages two and three are involuntary.
c.
Stages one and three are voluntary; stage two is involuntary.
d.
Stages one and two are voluntary; stage three is involuntary.
30. The pattern of muscle contraction that moves through the GI tract is called
a.
periodontosis.
b.
periostosis.
c.
peristalsis.
d.
peristole.
31. The stomach is connected to the abdominal wall by the
a.
mesentery.
b.
omentum.
c.
parietal peritoneum.
d.
visceral peritoneum.
32. The intestines are suspended from the abdominal wall by the
a.
mesentery.
b.
omentum.
c.
parietal peritoneum.
d.
visceral peritoneum.
33. Food in a semiliquid state that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum is called
a.
chyle.
b.
chyme.
c.
mucin.
d.
mucus.
34. The part of the stomach that allows the stomach to expand to store food after a large meal is
the
a.
cardia.
b.
corpus.
c.
fundus.
d.
pylorus.
35. Which type of glandular cells in the stomach secrete hydrogen and chloride that for
hydrochloric acid?
a.
chief cells
b.
G cells
c.
mucous neck cells
d.
parietal cells
36. Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of
a.
carbohydrates.
b.
fats.
c.
proteins.
d.
simple sugars.
37. The terminal part of the stomach that opens into the duodenum is the
a.
cardia.
b.
corpus.
c.
fundus.
d.
pylorus.
38. The mixing chamber of the stomach is the
a.
antrum.
b.
corpus.
c.
fundus.
d.
pylorus.
39. Muscle contractions in the stomach and intestines of a monogastric animal are regulated by
a.
specialized smooth muscle cells.
b.
specialized striated muscle cells.
c.
the AV node.
d.
the SA node.
40. Which one of these animals has the least ability to vomit?
a.
cat
b.
dog
c.
horse
d.
pig
41. Peptides are made up of
a.
amino acids.
b.
carbohydrates.
c.
monosaccharides.
d.
proteins.
42. The “true” glandular stomach of a ruminant is the
a.
abomasum.
b.
omasum.
c.
reticulum.
d.
rumen.
43. The largest fermentation chamber of the ruminant stomach is the
a.
abomasum.
b.
cecum.
c.
omasum.
d.
reticulorumen.
44. If you wanted to listen to the activity in the rumen of a cow, where would be the best area to
place your stethoscope?
a.
caudal ventral abdomen
b.
cranial ventral abdomen
c.
left lateral abdominal region
d.
right lateral abdominal region
45. Which chamber of the ruminant stomach has mucosa that resembles a honeycomb?
a.
abomasum
b.
omasum
c.
reticulum
d.
rumen
46. The esophageal groove connects the
a.
esophagus to the omasum.
b.
omasum to the reticulum.
c.
reticulum to the rumen.
d.
rumen to the esophagus.
47. Another name for “chewing the cud” is
a.
emesis.
b.
eructation.
c.
regurgitation.
d.
rumination.
48. Which two gases are produced during the fermentation process in the ruminant stomach?
a.
carbon dioxide and methane
b.
methane and oxygen
c.
nitrogen and carbon dioxide
d.
oxygen and nitrogen
49. Acute ruminal tympany is also known as
a.
bloat.
b.
emesis.
c.
gastric torsion.
d.
hardware disease.
50. In ruminants amino acids are absorbed from the intestinal mucosa and transported to the __ by
the bloodstream.
a.
kidney
b.
liver
c.
pancreas
d.
spleen
51. Where will gluconeogenesis most likely take place in a ruminant?
a.
abomasum
b.
liver
c.
pancreas
d.
rumen
52. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are examples of
a.
amino acids.
b.
monosaccharides.
c.
polysaccharides.
d.
volatile fatty acids (VFAs).
53. What is the correct order of the parts of the small intestine, starting with the first part?
a.
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
b.
ileum, duodenum, jejunum
c.
ileum, jejunum, duodenum
d.
jejunum, duodenum, ileum
54. Peyer’s patches are made up of
a.
adipose tissue.
b.
fibrous connective tissue.
c.
loose areolar connective tissue.
d.
lymphoid tissue.
55. Plicae are
a.
mucosal folds in the small intestine.
b.
mucosal folds in the stomach.
c.
muscular folds in the small intestine.
d.
muscular folds in the stomach.
56. The brush border of the small intestines is made up of
a.
microvilli.
b.
plicae.
c.
rugae.
d.
villi.
57. Where does the pancreatic duct enter the GI tract?
a.
cecum
b.
duodenum
c.
ileum
d.
jejunum
58. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the
a.
endocrine pancreas.
b.
exocrine pancreas.
c.
liver.
d.
pituitary gland.
59. The liver is located just caudal to the
a.
diaphragm.
b.
mesentery.
c.
omentum.
d.
stomach.
60. Which one of the following species does not have a gall bladder?
a.
bovine
b.
canine
c.
equine
d.
feline
61. Which one of the following substances gives urine its characteristic color?
a.
biliverdin
b.
stercobilin
c.
urobilin
d.
urobilinogen
62. Where is albumin produced?
a.
endocrine pancreas
b.
exocrine pancreas
c.
gall bladder
d.
liver
63. Ketosis, or metabolic acidosis, is a result of excess conversion of __ to ketones.
a.
cysteine
b.
fatty acids
c.
glycogen
d.
lysine
64. Which motility movement in the small intestine mixes the partially digested food but doesn’t
move it toward the large intestine?
a.
antiperistalsis
b.
paresis
c.
peristalsis
d.
segmentation
65. Which species of animal uses the cecum as a fermentation chamber?
a.
canine
b.
caprine
c.
equine
d.
ovine
66. In which part of the large intestine does most water absorption take place?
a.
anus
b.
cecum
c.
colon
d.
rectum