Chapter 15: Respiratory System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Phonation in an animal begins in the
a.
larynx.
b.
mouth.
c.
pharynx.
d.
trachea.
2. The acceptable range of pH in most animals is
a.
6.00-8.00
b.
6.45-7.45
c.
7.35-7.45
d.
7.45-7.65
3. The upper respiratory tract includes all structures
a.
caudal to the pharynx.
b.
cranial to the pharynx.
c.
inside the lungs.
d.
outside the lungs.
4. The nasal septum separates
a.
the left nasal passage from the right nasal passage.
b.
the nasal passages from the mouth.
c.
the nasal passages from the pharynx.
d.
the upper nasal passage from the lower nasal passage.
5. A nasal meatus is created by the
a.
hard palate.
b.
nasal septum.
c.
soft palate.
d.
turbinates.
6. The three main condition functions of the nasal passages are
a.
humidifying, filtering, and mixing air.
b.
humidifying, mixing, and warming air.
c.
warming, humidifying, and filtering air.
d.
warming, mixing, and filtering air.
7. Sinuses are outpouchings of the
a.
larynx.
b.
nasal passages.
c.
nasal septum.
d.
pharynx.
8. The nasopharynx sits __ to the oropharynx in a standing animal.
a.
caudal
b.
cranial
c.
dorsal
d.
ventral
9. The opening to the larynx is called the
a.
epiglottis.
b.
glottis.
c.
lateral ventricle.
d.
vocal fold.
10. The boundaries of the glottis are formed by the
a.
arytenoid cartilages and the vocal cords.
b.
cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages.
c.
thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage.
d.
vocal cords and thyroid cartilage.
11. The vocal cords are composed of
a.
fibrous connective tissue.
b.
hyaline cartilage.
c.
skeletal muscle.
d.
smooth muscle.
12. The tracheal rings are composed of
a.
elastic cartilage.
b.
hyaline cartilage.
c.
skeletal muscle.
d.
smooth muscle.
13. The space between each tracheal ring is composed of
a.
elastic cartilage.
b.
hyaline cartilage.
c.
skeletal muscle.
d.
smooth muscle.
14. The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of __ on top of it to trap foreign
debris.
a.
mucigel.
b.
mucor.
c.
mucous.
d.
mucus.
15. Tracheal collapse is often seen
a.
in large breeds of dogs.
b.
in underweight animals.
c.
with inspiratory dyspnea.
d.
with overlapping tracheal rings.
16. The trachea splits into two bronchi at the
a.
Bichat.
b.
bicornate division.
c.
bifurcation.
d.
binary fission.
17. Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction are controlled by
a.
the autonomic nervous system acting of skeletal muscle.
b.
the autonomic nervous system acting on smooth muscle.
c.
the somatic nervous system acting on skeletal muscle.
d.
the somatic nervous system acting on smooth muscle.
18. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across
a.
four layers of simple cuboidal epithelium.
b.
four layers of simple squamous epithelium.
c.
two layers of simple cuboidal epithelium.
d.
two layers of simple squamous epithelium.
19. Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks?
a.
canine
b.
caprine
c.
equine
d.
feline
20. Which thoracic structure would you find outside the mediastinum?
a.
heart
b.
lungs
c.
lymph nodes
d.
trachea
21. How are the lungs of a pig divided?
a.
four left lobes, three right lobes
b.
three left lobes, four right lobes
c.
three left lobes, two right lobes
d.
two left lobes, three right lobes
22. The hilus is found
a.
on the medial surface of each lobe.
b.
on the medial surface of each lung.
c.
on the ventral surface of each lobe.
d.
on the ventral surface of each lung.
23. The blood vessel that brings blood to the lungs from the heart is the
a.
aorta.
b.
pulmonary artery.
c.
pulmonary vein.
d.
vena cava.
24. Blood entering the lungs from the heart is dark red because of
a.
hemoconcentration.
b.
intravascular hemolysis.
c.
the high carbon dioxide content.
d.
the high hemoglobin concentration.
25. In a relaxed state the diaphragm assumes a dome shape with
a.
the concave surface facing in a dorsal direction.
b.
the concave surface facing in a ventral direction.
c.
the convex surface facing in a caudal direction.
d.
the convex surface facing in a cranial direction.
26. The main expiratory muscles are the
a.
external intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
b.
external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
c.
internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
d.
internal intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
27. When the external intercostal muscles contract, they rotate the ribs
a.
downward and backward.
b.
downward and forward.
c.
upward and backward.
d.
upward and forward.
28. If an animal breathes in 500 milliliters with each resting breath and takes 15 breaths per
minute, how many liters has the animal inspired and expired in 1 minute?
a.
3.3
b.
33
c.
7.5
d.
75
29. The flow of oxygen from inspired air into an alveolar capillary is dependent on the
a.
PO2 in the alveoli being higher than the PCO2 in the capillary.
b.
PO2 in the alveoli being higher than the PO2 in the capillary.
c.
PO2 in the alveoli being lower than the PCO2 in the capillary.
d.
PO2 in the alveoli being lower than the PO2 in the capillary.
30. The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
cerebrum.
d.
diencephalon.
31. If the CO2 level in blood rises above a preset limit, how will the respiratory center adjust the
breathing to compensate?
a.
decrease rate and depth of respiration
b.
decrease rate and increase depth of respiration
c.
increase rate and decrease depth of respiration
d.
increase rate and depth of respiration
32. Antitussives are best used to treat a
a.
cough, either productive or nonproductive.
b.
nonproductive cough.
c.
productive cough.
d.
prolonged hiccups.
33. Low blood levels of oxygen can bring on
a.
coughs.
b.
hiccups.
c.
sighs.
d.
sneezes.