51. In the United States, at age 65, the largest group consists of
a.
married men living with their wives.
b.
married women living with their husbands.
c.
unmarried men living alone.
d.
unmarried women living alone.
52. Which statement best describes sibling relationships over the adulthood years?
a.
Sibling rivalry disappears once the children are on their own.
b.
Most siblings share intimate problems frequently across the years.
c.
Siblings often grow emotionally closer from middle age to old age.
d.
Significant life events like the death of a parent can bring close siblings together and push rival siblings apart.
53. Research on adult sibling relationships has shown that they
a.
b.
c.
d.
54. Which statement concerning child-parent relationships in older age is true?
a.
Aging fathers tend to be closer to their sons than aging mothers are to their daughters.
b.
Most older parents would prefer to live with their children not near their children.
c.
Older African-American elders enjoy more supportive relationships with their children than older European-
American.
d.
Relationships between the generations are seldom affectionate.
55. Though Rania is Priya’s mother, due to a chronic illness, Priya now has to take almost total care for her aging mother.
Priya’s situation is an example of
a.
the sandwich generation.
b.
authoritarian parenting.
c.
role reversal.
d.
the empty nest.
56. The “middle generation squeeze” refers to
a.
young grandparents who must simultaneously care for their own and their children’s children.
b.
middle-aged adults who find themselves simultaneously caring for both younger and older generations.
c.
children of divorce who must split their time between living with both mother and father.
d.
children who are the middle-born in a large family.
57. Which of the following people will likely be the first to take responsibility for taking care of Albert now that he is old
and in declining health?
a.
his wife Louise
b.
his son Peter
c.
his daughter-in-law Rosa
d.
his neighbor Sandra
58. Whose care is most likely to lead to caregiver burden if they are taken in by an adult child?
a.
Victor, who has cancer but can get around pretty well
b.
Tomiko, whose dementia makes her disruptive
c.
Pedro, who had his feet amputated due to diabetes
d.
Olga, who is wealthier than the daughter who will be taking her in
59. Married couples who voluntarily remain “childfree”
a.
generally experience greater marital satisfaction than couples with children during the childrearing years.
b.
tend to be less satisfied with their lives as they age than couples whose children have grown.
c.
tend to have higher levels of depression than couples with children.
d.
typically feel like failures for never having children.
60. The “spillover effect” occurs when
a.
a person’s sexual orientation impacts his or her job status.
b.
an adult child has to care for an elderly parent or grandparent.
c.
work life affects home life and vice versa.
d.
two divorced families remarry to form one large family.
61. Debbie is always happy when her mom has a good day at work, because she brings home something yummy for
dessert. This indicates that Debbie’s family is
a.
experiencing spillover effects.
b.
high in permissiveness.
c.
experiencing a transactional effect.
d.
low in demandingness.
62. In general, gay and lesbian couples
a.
have less satisfying relationships than married heterosexuals.
b.
assign traditional roles of “wife” to one partner and the role of “husband” to the other.
c.
tend to have more egalitarian relationships than married heterosexuals.
d.
follow a very different pattern of stages of relationship development than heterosexual couples.
63. Research on lesbian mothers has shown that, when compared to heterosexual parents, they are
a.
less likely to use physical punishment.
b.
more likely to engage in imaginative play.
c.
less likely to raise well-adjusted children.
d.
more likely to raise gay or bisexual children.
64. Paul and Sarah just got divorced, with Sarah getting full custody of their two children as the mom. It is most likely
that, early on, Sarah will be more _____ and Paul will be more _____ with the children.
a.
warm and loving; cold and distant
b.
permissive; highly controlling
c.
impatient; indulgent
d.
cold and distant; inconsistent
65. Which statement about the impact of divorce on child development is true?
a.
In response to divorce, most custodial mothers become more sensitive and responsive to their children’s needs.
b.
Children who display negative behaviors as the result of the divorce tend to exhibit such behaviors only in the
home and show few negative effects in the school setting.
c.
Adolescents whose parents divorce are less likely to perceive relationships with their noncustodial fathers as
close and caring.
d.
Adults from divorced families are less likely than those from intact families to divorce.
66. Which statement concerning reconstituted families is true?
a.
Difficulties are more likely if both parents bring children into the family.
b.
The first few years in the new family tend to be the time of least conflict.
c.
Boys tend to resent step-fathers more than girls resent step-mothers.
d.
Children in blended reconstituted families are less likely to show antisocial behaviors than children from intact
two-parent families.
67. In the United States, the most common form of mistreatment involves
a.
physical abuse.
b.
sexual abuse.
c.
psychological abuse.
d.
neglect.
68. Right now across the world, who is most likely being abused?
a.
a spouse (or partner)
b.
a sibling
c.
a child
d.
an elderly person
69. Statistically speaking, who is at greatest risk for abusing their child?
a.
Javon, a young, employed male with two children
b.
Rene, a young, unemployed single woman with four children
c.
Doug, a middle-aged, poor, single father of one
d.
Maritza, a middle-aged, married, working mother of five
70. As a child, Anthony was physically abused by his mother. He has now begun to physically abuse his daughter.
Anthony’s behavior best exemplifies
a.
spillover effects.
b.
intergenerational transmission of parenting.
c.
caregiver burden.
d.
middle generation squeeze.
71. Which statement is the best example of a macroenvironmental contributor to child abuse?
a.
Many abusers are former abuse victims.
b.
Abuse is higher in transient and poor neighborhoods.
c.
Children are at higher risk for abuse than adults.
d.
Abuse is higher in societies that condone physical punishment.
72. If a family is a system, then the mother and child functioning together are a(n) ________.
a.
dyad
b.
transaction
c.
subsystem
d.
complement
73. When a couple with one child welcomes another child, how many subsystems are added to the family system?
a.
0
b.
1
c.
2
d.
3
74. After her father passed away, Violet asked her mother Sally to move in with her husband Ramzi and their kids. The
kids love having grammy around and Violet and Ramzi appreciate the extra help. Which of the following best describes
the change that occurred here?
a.
A traditional family became a blended family.
b.
An immediate family became a nuclear family.
c.
An extended family became a transactional family.
d.
A nuclear family became an extended family.
75. Duvall’s family life cycle perspective could be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
traditional
b.
adaptive
c.
outdated
d.
narrow
76. From a systems perspective, the change that occurs in a family can best be described as ________.
a.
predictable
b.
problematic
c.
staged
d.
multidimensional
77. Dr. Patterson regularly lectures about the decline of family values in America. He believes that adults with children
who divorce are ________.
a.
sinning in the eyes of god.
b.
acting out of selfish motives
c.
fighting emotional illness
d.
striving for a better option
78. While in the mid 20th century the family of mom, dad, and a couple of kids was seen as a(n) ________, today it is
considered a(n) ________..
a.
fantasy; ideal
b.
ideal; stereotype
c.
goal; failure
d.
stereotype; system
79. Which of the following has suffered as a result of the changes in mothers’ activities over the past 50 years?
a.
child responsiveness
b.
woman’s income
c.
household order
d.
life satisfaction
80. Which of the following is the best advice to optimize an infant’s development?
a.
Two parents are better than one.
b.
A father is better than none.
c.
Mother always knows best.
d.
A good parent does the work of two.
81. In general, the effectiveness of various parenting styles is ________.
a.
negligible
b.
universal
c.
debatable
d.
cultural
82. Roberto grew up in a public housing project in a rough neighborhood, raised along with three siblings by a single
working mother. What did he likely experience as a child at home?
a.
more hugs
b.
more rules
c.
more freedom
d.
more negotiating
83. Which of the following describes the foundation of the family stress model on parenting and childhood outcomes?
a.
resource deficits lead to health declines
b.
attachment problems lead to abuse
c.
financial problems lead to conflict
d.
social pressure leads to resiliency
84. Dennis has worked on the assembly line at the local auto plant since he graduated from high school. What will he
likely focus on teaching his children?
a.
communication
b.
networking
c.
negotiation
d.
obedience