51. Heather hangs with a group of four other girls who, just like her, all wear the trendiest fashions. According to Dunphy
(1963), this group is best classified as a
a.
population.
b.
crowd.
c.
confidant.
d.
clique.
52. During adolescence,
a.
peer influences are typically negative.
b.
those with friends are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.
c.
crowd affiliation has implications for social identity.
d.
crowd membership is best predicted by personality factors.
53. When Latrell is on his date, his main focus is on coming to see himself as a person who is capable of relating to the
opposite sex in a romantic way. Given this description, Latrell appears to be in Brown’s _____ dating phase.
a.
b.
c.
d.
54. To Van, the most important aspect of his current romantic relationship is the fact that he is dating the head
cheerleader, which means that the group he hangs out with now seems to be much “cooler” than it used to be. This
description indicates that Van is best classified as being in Brown’s _____ phase of dating.
a.
b.
c.
d.
55. During the _____ phase of dating, the relationship becomes the focus and romantic relationships become more
personal.
a.
b.
c.
d.
56. In what ways do the social networks of younger and older adults differ?
a.
Middle-aged adults have more close friends than younger adults do.
b.
Old people feel more need to receive social stimulation.
c.
Younger adults have broader social networks than middle-aged adults.
d.
Older adults interact more frequently with acquaintances.
57. According to socioemotional selectivity theory,
a.
teenagers are biologically programmed to be more conforming.
b.
most older adults will conduct a life review.
c.
the older we get, the more important it becomes to acquire knowledge.
d.
shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice.
58. As an individual who subscribes to socioemotional selectivity theory, Darlene is most likely to believe that
a.
social networks in adulthood serve no useful purpose.
b.
older adults seek interactions that are emotionally meaningful.
c.
older adults experience significantly more negative emotions than young adults.
d.
having fewer friends in older adulthood is a sign of potential psychosis.
59. When discussing her life, 60-year-old Erica says, “I am quite happy the way I am and I see no need to go out and
make new friends.” This statement best fits with the basic premise of _____ theory.
a.
socioemotional selectivity
b.
social learning
c.
resistant attachment
d.
gender typing
60. Which statement concerning emotional lives is true?
a.
Older adults have more depressed emotional lives than young adults.
b.
Negative emotions are less common in older adults than in younger adults.
c.
Younger adults experience longer-lasting periods of positive emotions.
d.
Older adults require large social networks to feel happy and fulfilled.
61. With her divorce finalized, Madalena is ready to start dating again. What will be her priority in seeking a new mate?
a.
physical attractiveness
b.
finances
c.
education
d.
similarity
62. The notion that potential romantic partnerships begin with both individuals looking for external similarities in their
partner (e.g., race, education, socioeconomic status), then eventually looking for similarity of inner qualities (e.g., values,
beliefs) and if both comparative phases are successful, the relationship may continue best fits with the _____ theory of
mate selection.
a.
psychoanalytic
b.
triangular
c.
social-learning
d.
filter
63. Which of the following sayings best reflects the concept of homogamy in mate selection?
a.
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
b.
Opposites attract.
c.
Beauty is only skin deep.
d.
Birds of a feather flock together
64. When Carlos is describing his relationship with Gisele, he says, “It’s got everything: sexual attraction, trust and
respect, and we know that we are both in it for the long haul.” This description indicates that their relationship is most
accurately described as involving _____ love.
a.
consummate
b.
fatuous
c.
infatuation
d.
companionate
65. Companionate love is best characterized by
a.
high levels of intimacy, commitment, and passion.
b.
high levels of intimacy and commitment, but low levels of passion.
c.
high levels of commitment and passion, but low levels of intimacy.
d.
high levels of passion, but low levels of intimacy and passion.
66. When asked to describe himself, Dewayne says, “I don’t need people, I don’t need relationships, I am fine on my
own.” This attitude best fits with the _____ model of self.
a.
secure
b.
dismissing
c.
preoccupied
d.
fearful
67. When asked to describe himself, Nathan says, “I really don’t like myself. I really don’t like other people. On the other
hand, it would be nice to meet someone but I don’t really know how to do that.” This attitude best fits with the _____
model of self.
a.
secure
b.
dismissing
c.
preoccupied
d.
fearful
68. Which statement best describes results from research on adults’ internal working models of self?
a.
Early attachment styles have little bearing on love relationships.
b.
Internal working models predict the capacity for exploration in adulthood.
c.
There appears to be little intergenerational transmission of attachment styles.
d.
Internal working models are not subject to revision.
69. Which statement is FALSE?
a.
For older individuals, “old friends are the best friends.”
b.
The quality of an adult’s social relationships is closely related to a sense of well-being.
c.
Older people are relatively unconcerned with equity issues in friendships.
d.
For most married people, spouses are the most important confidant.
70. Latoya thinks she should wait a while before taking her son Randy to church again. Last week an elderly woman
tripped on her way to the altar and Randy pointed and laughed at her! She was mortified at his lack of self-control. What
rule did Randy break in church?
a.
hedonic expression
b.
strange situation
c.
emotional display
d.
relational aggression
71. For some reason, 16-year-old Hernani doesn’t like to push away or resolve negative feelings – especially if they occur
simultaneously with positive feelings. Why does Hernani likely act this way?
a.
He is in a strange situation.
b.
He is emotionally conflicted.
c.
He has an insecure attachment.
d.
He likes taking on the challenge.
72. In terms of regulating moods and emotions, Sarah would be considered contrahedonic. How old is Sarah?
a.
17
b.
29
c.
42
d.
61
73. According to Bowlby, the underlying drive for infants and parents to form attachments is ________.
a.
affection
b.
security
c.
survival
d.
contact
74. Which of the following terms best describes the process of forming attachments in humans?
a.
automatic
b.
unitary
c.
biological
d.
interactive
75. Paul was never really a fan of infants or kids. While he was happy that his wife Lucia was pregnant, he worried that he
wouldn’t feel thrilled to be a parent. But when he first saw their son Donte in the delivery room, he was overcome with a
rush of emotion and felt love like he never had before. What likely played a role in Paul’s response?
a.
prostaglandin
b.
oxytocin
c.
testosterone
d.
cortisol
76. Attachment is a critical element of our social functioning throughout our lives, and begins with the parents who
welcomed us into the world. How old is an infant when this attachment forms?
a.
a few minutes
b.
a couple weeks
c.
several months
d.
nearly a year
77. Piaget believed that peers serve an important role in teaching children how to function effectively with others because
these relationships are ________.
a.
gender-based
b.
age-based
c.
optional
d.
passionate
78. According to Sullivan, which of the following critical benefits does a chumship provide for a child?
a.
validation
b.
referencing
c.
status
d.
mentoring
79. Xenia is a famous punk performance artist who is known for only wearing clothes made out of metal or vinyl. After
her baby is born, she might need to change her wardrobe to avoid creating an insecure attachment due to a lack of
________.
a.
imprint media
b.
tactile bonding
c.
bodily warmth
d.
contact comfort
80. What is the highest level of peer interaction that infants can attain by age 2?
a.
reciprocal exchange
b.
friendship
c.
turn-taking
d.
chumship
81. Between the ages of 6 to 18 months, infants’ peer reactions can be considered ________.
a.
reciprocal
b.
controlling
c.
disjointed
d.
nonexistent
82. When a child reaches age 3, their attachment with parents starts to become more ________.
a.
physical
b.
mutual
c.
strained
d.
avoidant
83. Which of the following is the best advice for parents regarding play and their children’s development?
a.
“Show them the way.“
b.
“Everyone should win.”
c.
“Let them figure it out.”
d.
“Use new technologies.”
84. What aspect of child development likely benefits the most from the initiation of rules-based play?
a.
cognitive skills
b.
social skills
c.
analytic skills
d.
locomotor skills
85. What is at the core of children’s cooperative play?
a.
rules
b.
objectives
c.
affection
d.
proximity
86. Wanda is 58 and suffers from inflammatory arthritis in her knees and hips. What was Wanda’s likely sociometric
status in fifth grade?
a.
average
b.
neglected
c.
controversial
d.
rejected