Chapter 14: The Cardiovascular System
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the two lungs. This space is
called the
a.
median plane.
b.
mediastinum.
c.
meninx.
d.
menstruum.
2. When looking at a standing animal from the side, you would locate the heart
a.
at the level of the last rib.
b.
at the thoracic inlet.
c.
between its right and left carpal joints.
d.
between its right and left olecranon processes.
3. The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the
a.
endocardium.
b.
epicardium.
c.
myocardium.
d.
pericardium.
4. The outermost layer of the heart itself is the
a.
endocardium.
b.
epicardium.
c.
myocardium.
d.
pericardium.
5. The membrane that lines the chambers of the heart is the
a.
endocardium.
b.
epicardium.
c.
myocardium.
d.
pericardium.
6. The type of blood vessel that usually carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is a/an
a.
artery.
b.
auricle.
c.
vein.
d.
ventricle.
7. The atria of the heart sit at the __ of the heart
a.
apex
b.
base
c.
left side
d.
right side
8. The interatrial septum is a continuation of the
a.
endocardium.
b.
epicardium.
c.
myocardium.
d.
pericardium.
9. The interventricular septum is a continuation of the
a.
chordae tendineae.
b.
coronary groove.
c.
interatrial septum.
d.
papillary muscles.
10. The right atrium pumps blood into the
a.
aorta.
b.
left atrium.
c.
pulmonary artery.
d.
right ventricle.
11. The apex of the heart is made up of the
a.
wall of the left atrium.
b.
wall of the left ventricle.
c.
wall of the right atrium.
d.
wall of the right ventricle.
12. Another name for the left atrioventricular valve is the
a.
aortic valve.
b.
mitral valve.
c.
pulmonary valve.
d.
tricuspid valve.
13. Chordae tendineae are found in the
a.
atria.
b.
auricles.
c.
interatrial septum.
d.
ventricles.
14. Another name for the right semilunar valve is the
a.
aortic valve.
b.
mitral valve.
c.
pulmonary valve.
d.
tricuspid valve.
15. Cardiac muscle can generate its own contractions and relaxations and is therefore called
a.
eugenic muscle.
b.
smooth muscle.
c.
voluntary.
d.
autorhythmic muscle.
16. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the heart at the
a.
left atrium.
b.
left ventricle.
c.
right atrium.
d.
right ventricle.
17. The large blood vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation is the
a.
aorta.
b.
coronary artery.
c.
coronary vein.
d.
vena cava.
18. Which chamber of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation when it
contracts?
a.
left atrium
b.
left ventricle
c.
right atrium
d.
right ventricle
19. Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts?
a.
left atrium
b.
left ventricle
c.
right atrium
d.
right ventricle
20. The pulmonary circulation begins when deoxygenated blood passes through the __ into the
pulmonary circulation.
a.
left semilunar valve
b.
mitral valve
c.
right semilunar valve
d.
tricuspid valve
21. The impulse to begin each heartbeat of the heart comes from the
a.
atrioventricular node.
b.
bundle of His.
c.
Purkinje fiber system.
d.
sinoatrial node.
22. The two ions that are responsible for the initial depolarization of cardiac muscle as they travel
from the outside of a muscle cell to the inside of the cell are
a.
calcium and potassium ions.
b.
sulfide and sodium ions.
c.
potassium and sulfide ions.
d.
sodium and calcium ions.
23. The impulse created by the natural pacemaker of the heart travels
a.
across both atria at the apex of the heart to the atrioventricular septum, through the
interventricular septum to the base of the heart, and back to the apex of the heart.
b.
across both atria at the base of the heart to the atrioventricular septum, through the
interventricular septum to the apex of the heart, and back to the base of the heart.
c.
across both ventricles at the apex of the heart to the interventricular septum,
through the atrioventricular septum to the base of the heart, and back to the apex of
the heart.
d.
across both ventricles at the base of the heart to the interventricular septum,
through the atrioventricular septum to the apex of the heart, and back to the base of
the heart.
24. The structures that make up the primary cardiac conduction, in the order that the impulse
travels through them, are the
a.
AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system.
b.
Purkinje fiber system, AV node, SA node, and bundle of His.
c.
Purkinje fiber system, bundle of His, AV node, and SA node.
d.
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system.
25. Contraction of a heart chamber is called
a.
depolarization.
b.
diastole.
c.
repolarization.
d.
systole.
26. Which valves produce the second heart sound when they snap shut?
a.
aortic valve and mitral valve
b.
mitral valve and tricuspid valve
c.
pulmonary valve and aortic valve
d.
tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
27. Tricuspid valve stenosis results when the tricuspid valve
a.
doesn’t close completely during ventricular diastole.
b.
doesn’t close completely during ventricular systole.
c.
doesn’t open completely during atrial diastole.
d.
doesn’t open completely during atrial systole.
28. Cardiac output is determined by
a.
heart rate and diastolic discharge.
b.
stroke volume and diastolic discharge.
c.
stroke volume and heart rate.
d.
systole discharge and stroke volume.
29. The __ represents the strength of a heartbeat.
a.
afterload
b.
heart rate
c.
preload volume
d.
stroke volume
30. The inner layer of a blood vessel is the
a.
endocardium.
b.
endomysium.
c.
endothelium.
d.
epithelium.
31. The largest elastic artery in an animal’s body is the
a.
aorta.
b.
coronary artery.
c.
femoral artery.
d.
pulmonary artery.
32. What type of muscle is found in the middle layer of a muscular artery’s wall?
a.
involuntary, nonstriated muscle
b.
involuntary, striated muscle
c.
voluntary, nonstriated muscle
d.
voluntary, striated muscle
33. Arterioles are
a.
large capillary beds.
b.
large elastic arteries.
c.
small elastic arteries.
d.
small muscular arteries.
34. The majority of exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissue takes place at the
__ level.
a.
capillary bed
b.
small elastic artery
c.
small muscular arteriole
d.
venule
35. The largest vein in an animal’s body is the
a.
aorta.
b.
coronary vein.
c.
femoral vein.
d.
vena cava.
36. Which type of blood vessel has one-way valves in its lumen?
a.
capillaries
b.
elastic arteries
c.
muscular arteries
d.
veins
37. Oxygenated blood is carried from the mother to a fetus through the
a.
placental artery.
b.
placental vein.
c.
umbilical artery.
d.
umbilical vein.
38. The ductus arteriosus in a fetus allows blood to flow
a.
directly from the left atrium into the right atrium.
b.
directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
c.
directly into the aorta from the pulmonary artery.
d.
directly into the vena cava from the pulmonary vein.
39. Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a cat?
a.
coccygeal artery
b.
femoral artery
c.
mandibular artery
d.
posterior digital artery
40. Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a horse?
a.
aorta
b.
carotid artery
c.
coccygeal artery
d.
mandibular artery
41. Systolic blood pressure measures
a.
the force by which blood is ejected from the left ventricle during systole.
b.
the force by which blood is ejected from the right ventricle during systole.
c.
the pressure remaining in the aorta during left ventricular diastole.
d.
the pressure remaining in the aorta during right ventricular diastole.
42. On an ECG reading of one cardiac cycle, the contraction of the main mass of the ventricles is
represented by the
a.
P wave.
b.
Q wave.
c.
R wave.
d.
T wave.
43. Which vein can be used for venipuncture in nearly all species of animals?
a.
coronary vein
b.
femoral vein
c.
jugular vein
d.
saphenous vein