399
TB_14_50_Parenthood_LO 14.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements about the impact of childlessness in adulthood is correct?
A) Without the presence of children, marital satisfaction fluctuates more across time.
B) Couples who do not have children do not experience the drop in marital satisfaction that typically occurs across
the first year of marriage.
C) Young adult childless couples report higher marital cohesion than do couples with children.
D) Childless married women are less likely to have full-time continuous careers.
TB_14_51_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
In the United States, family ties and extensive kin networks are characteristics especially associated with the social
networks of which of the following?
A) African Americans and Hispanic Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Caucasians and those of northern European ancestry
D) Native Americans
TB_14_52_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is an example of an atypical relationship style of young adults in the United States?
A) Tim, who sought advice and emotional support from the men with whom he worked
B) Sarah, who is troubled by problems in her marriage, so she confides in her friend, Tikki
C) Beebee and her sisters, who get together to talk and spend time together once a week
D) Olivia and her former college roommates, who rarely see each other, but their friendships are maintained by
telephone and e-mail
TB_14_53_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
Judith is responsible for sending Christmas cards, arranging social gatherings, and caring for her and her husband’s
aging parents. What is the term that your text uses for Judith’s role?
A) Role manager
B) Spouse
C) Kin keeper
D) Event planner
400
TB_14_54_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
When comparing women’s jobs with men’s jobs, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) The job stereotypes of the past have pretty much been eliminated.
B) Women’s jobs are concentrated in service occupations that are typically lower in status and lower paid.
C) Men’s jobs tend to be less varied, but higher in both status and income.
D) Seventy-five percent of all working women hold clerical jobs.
TB_14_55_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is least likely to influence a young adult’s choice of a job or career?
A) Family
B) Intelligence
C) Hobbies
D) Gender
TB_14_56_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following individuals is most likely to choose a non-gender-stereotypical job?
A) Joel, who is homosexual and whose father works as a nurse
B) Michael, who is very masculine and secure in his sexual orientation
C) Laura, who considers herself a tomboy and whose mother works in construction
D) Suzanne, who is lesbian and comes from a traditional family
TB_14_57_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
How many personality types are there in Holland’s theory of personality and work preferences?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 7
D) 6
401
TB_14_58_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Greg is the “strong silent type” who prefers work that does not require him to interact with other people. He is very
skilled with hand and power tools and enjoys his job as a furniture craftsman. According to Holland, what is Greg’s
personality type?
A) Artistic
B) Conventional
C) Realistic
D) Investigative
TB_14_59_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Darius rarely makes mistakes as the accountant for the Round-Tuit Corporation. He always follows the correct
guidelines when he calculates production costs and profit margins. According to Holland, what is Darius’
personality type?
A) Conventional
B) Enterprising
C) Investigative
D) Social
TB_14_60_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Owen is an engineer. He is working on a project to map the human genome. In addition, he can calculate massive
columns of numbers in his head but cannot remember to say hello in the hallway. Holland would label Owen as
A) artistic.
B) social.
C) investigative.
D) conventional.
402
TB_14_61_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Which personality type tends to be extroverted, people-oriented, and sociable?
A) Social
B) Enterprising
C) Conventional
D) Realistic
TB_14_62_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Brian is very creative. If he goes a week without seeing another person, he doesn’t even notice. He likes to garden
and is currently redesigning the entire landscape around his property. According to Holland’s theory, what type of
person is Brian?
A) Enterprising
B) Investigative
C) Realistic
D) Artistic
TB_14_63_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Which type of people prefer professional activities that are structured, have clear guidelines, and consider
themselves accurate and precise?
A) Realistic
B) Investigative
C) Conventional
D) Artistic
TB_14_64_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
The process of adapting to the work place, managing career transitions, and pursuing goals through employment
defines which of the following?
A) Occupational progression
B) Career development
C) Professional development
D) Work place transition
403
TB_14_65_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
At what period in our development does Donald Super claim that the roots of our career development process are
found?
A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Middle childhood
D) Adolescence
TB_14_66_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
During which of Super’s stages does the young person search for a job or career that fits with his interests and
personality?
A) Growth
B) Exploratory
C) Establishment
D) Maintenance
TB_14_67_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
According to Donald Super, an adult who is in the early stages of her career and is striving to acquire requisite skills
and achieve a measure of success is in which phase of work experience?
A) Establishment
B) Novice
C) Trial
D) Realistic
404
TB_14_68_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
Bill is 50 years old. He has a good retirement portfolio in place and feels that he has made good career choices. He
plans to stay in his current profession until he retires. According to Super, in which stage is Bill operating?
A) Growth
B) Exploratory
C) Establishment
D) Maintenance
TB_14_69_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
What factor in today’s economy alters the way that Super’s model of career development is applied?
A) The fact that adolescents are entering the work force earlier and are contributing more to the economy than in the
20th century.
B) The fact that most young adults will have established a lifetime career by the age of 30.
C) The fact that society no longer expects people to work until retirement age.
D) The fact that job security is less reliable and that people change careers more frequently than in the past.
TB_14_70_The Quality of Work-Life Movement_LO 14.13_APA LO 1.1
Current research has shown that workers’ job performance, mental health, and physical health are all affected by
which of the following?
A) Quality of work-life
B) Quantity of work-life
C) Work-life balance
D) Off-work balance
TB_14_71_The Quality of Work-Life Movement_LO 14.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is an innovation of the quality of work-life movement?
A) Ride sharing
B) Vacation time
C) Flextime
D) Cellphones
405
TB_14_72_The Quality of Work-Life Movement_LO 14.13_APA LO 1.1
Andre’s company uses flextime. Employees are allowed to create their own work schedules, but there are certain
times when all employees must be present. What is the term for these common work times?
A) Come-and-go hours
B) Work hours
C) Telecommuting hours
D) Core hours
TB_14_73_Women’s Work Patterns_LO 14.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true about women in the workplace?
A) They divide the family work equally with their husbands.
B) They have little conflict or difficulty establishing priorities between work and family responsibilities.
C) The work-family conflict influences women’s career decisions more strongly than it does men’s.
D) They experience sequential family and work roles.
TB_14_74_Developmental Science at Home_LO 14.14_APA LO 1.1
What is the name of the strategy psychologists suggest to help young adults cope with the conflict between work and
family life?
A) The quality of work-life
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Stabilizing
406
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_14_75_Erikson’s Stage of Intimacy versus Isolation_LO 14.1_APA LO 1.2
________________ argued that the central crisis of early adulthood dealt with issues of isolation and intimacy.
TB_14_76_Erikson’s Stage of Intimacy versus Isolation_LO 14.1_APA LO 1.2
________ is the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one’s own sense of self.
TB_14_77_Levinson’s Life Structures_LO 14.2_APA LO 1.2
Jack has settled into his new life as a retiree. He has friends and activities and feels a happy sense of stability in his
new life. Jack is in Levinson’s ________.
TB_14_78_Theories of Mate Selection_LO 14.4_APA LO 1.2
Evolutionary explanations of mate selection are supported by cross-cultural studies that find men prefer ________
and women prefer ________.
TB_14_79_Marriage_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
One factor that correlates with marital success is each partner’s attachment to his or her ________.
407
TB_14_80_Marriage_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
The three components of love according to Sternberg are intimacy, passion, and ________.
TB_14_81_Gay and Lesbian Couples_LO 14.7_APA LO 1.1
Rather than having traditional families, many gay and lesbian people build ________.
TB_14_82_Parenthood_LO 14.9_APA LO 1.1
Couples who have developed good strategies for ________ before the addition of children to the marriage are more
likely to maintain relationship satisfaction.
TB_14_83_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
Close friendships rely on mutual ________ and personal ________.
TB_14_84_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
According to Holland, the ________ personality type is asocial and prefers unstructured, highly individual activities.
408
TB_14_86_Career Development_LO 14.12_APA LO 1.1
A person high in the personality of trait of ________ is likely to experience low relationship satisfaction and low job
satisfaction.
TB_14_87_The Quality of Work Life Movement_LO 14.13_APA LO 1.1
QWL stands for the ________ movement.
TB_14_88_Women’s Work Patterns_LO 14.14_APA LO 1.1
Work-family conflict more strongly influences ________ career decisions than those of ________.
TB_14_89_Developmental Science at Home_LO 14.14_APA LO 1.1
One strategy for coping with conflicts between work and family life is to redefine family ________.
409
Short Answer Questions
TB_14_90_Levinson’s Life Structures_LO 14.2_APA LO 1.2
List, in order, Levinson’s three phases of life structures that occur as adults enter different periods of development.
TB_14_91_Emerging Adulthood_LO 14.3_APA LO 1.2
Which parts of the brain finish maturing during emerging adulthood?
TB_14_92_Theories of Mate Selection_LO 14.4_APA LO 1.2
Why does the parental investment theory say that men are less selective in choosing a mate?
TB_14_93_Theories of Mate Selection_LO 14.4_APA LO 1.2
Briefly explain the social role theory in terms of sex differences in relationships.
TB_14_94_Marriage_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
Identify two personal characteristics that may pose a threat to marital satisfaction.
410
TB_14_95_Marriage_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
List and define the three components of love according to Sternberg’s theory.
TB_14_96_Cohabiting Heterosexual Couples_LO 14.6_APA LO 1.1
According to Teachman, what is the critical variable which influences whether or not a cohabiting couple is likely to
be divorced if they marry?
TB_14_97_Gay and Lesbian Couples_LO 14.7_APA LO 1.1
How do gay couples differ from heterosexual couples in terms of monogamy?
TB_14_98_Parenthood_LO 14.9_APA LO 1.1
Explain two factors that explain why the average age of women delivering their first child has increased over the
past three decades.
TB_14_99_Parenthood_LO 14.9_APA LO 1.1
How does marital satisfaction in childless couples compare with that in couples with children?
411
TB_14_100_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
Which ethnic group in the United States places the highest emphasis on kinship and family ties?
TB_14_101_Social Networks_LO 14.10_APA LO 1.1
Define the term kin keeper.
TB_14_102_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Describe the “stereotypical” male job. Give two examples.
TB_14_103_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
What are the characteristics of Holland’s realistic personality type?
TB_14_104_The Quality of Work Life Movement_LO 14.13_APA LO 1.1
What are the goals of the QWL movement?
412
Essay Questions
TB_14_105_Erikson’s Stage of Intimacy versus Isolation_LO 14.1_APA LO 1.2
Explain the factors that are necessary to successfully resolve Erikson’s crisis of intimacy versus isolation in young
adulthood.
TB_14_106_Levinson’s Life Structures_LO 14.2_APA LO 1.2
List and explain the phases of Levinson’s life structures theory.
TB_14_107_Intimate Relationships_LO 14.4_APA LO 1.2
Describe the composition of households in the United States. List them in order of percentages from highest to
lowest. You do NOT need to include the specific percentages. There are 7 total.
TB_14_108_No Easy Answers_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
What are the factors that contribute to wedding-related stress? Explain how wedding-related stress can be managed.
413
TB_14_109_Research Report_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the impacts of marriage on men’s and women’s health. Describe the underlying physiological processes
that are involved.
TB_14_110_Marriage_LO 14.5_APA LO 1.1
List the three components of love according to Sternberg. List seven types of love according to Sternberg and
identify the components of each.
TB_14_111_Singlehood_LO 14.8_APA LO 1.1
What percentage of adults between the ages of 18 and 34 are single? Describe the characteristics and social lives of
single people. How does singlehood impact development?
TB_14_112_Choosing an Occupation_LO 14.11_APA LO 1.1
Summarize Holland’s typology of personality/work types. Which personality type are you and how does this type
match with the college major or career you have chosen (or are considering)?