Chapter 13: Immunity and Defense
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Any organism that is capable of causing disease is considered a/an
a.
antibody.
b.
bacteria.
c.
pathogen.
d.
virus.
2. An animal’s first line of defense against potential disease-causing organisms is the
a.
macrophages.
b.
neutrophils.
c.
skin.
d.
spleen.
3. Excessive numbers of chylomicrons in blood can cause
a.
hemodilution.
b.
hemolysis.
c.
leukopenia.
d.
lipemia.
4. Where on an animal would you look for the popliteal lymph node?
a.
caudal aspect of the hamstring muscles
b.
caudal to the mandible
c.
cranial to the shoulder
d.
in the inguinal region
5. Which blood cell becomes a macrophage when it enters tissue?
a.
eosinophil
b.
lymphocyte
c.
monocyte
d.
neutrophil
6. A dendritic cell is a macrophage found in
a.
bone.
b.
liver.
c.
lymph nodes.
d.
nerve tissue.
7. The innate immune system
a.
develops as the animal matures.
b.
discriminates against certain types of foreign invaders.
c.
is dependent on the production of antibodies.
d.
is fast to respond to foreign invaders.
8. External innate immunity depends on
a.
complement receptors.
b.
cytokines.
c.
inflammation.
d.
intact skin.
9. Redness, swelling, heat, and pain are the four cardinal signs of inflammation. A fifth sign that
is frequently added is
a.
lethargy.
b.
loss of function.
c.
phagocytosis.
d.
pus formation.
10. Chemotaxis is the process of
a.
attaching a phagocyte to a bacteria cell wall.
b.
attracting phagocytes to a site of injury.
c.
ingesting an invading bacteria.
d.
releasing destroyed bacteria from a phagocyte.
11. Lysosomes in the cytoplasm of a phagocyte contain
a.
complement.
b.
cytokines.
c.
digestive enzymes.
d.
digestive hormones.
12. The two most important functions of the complement system are to alter microbial cell
membranes and
a.
inactivate macrophages.
b.
initiate an inflammatory response.
c.
reduce phagocytosis.
d.
release digestive enzymes into a phagosome.
13. The complement system can alter a microbial cell membrane through a process of ___ that
makes the microbe more “visible” to a phagocyte.
a.
chemotaxis
b.
exocytosis
c.
leukopoiesis
d.
opsonization
14. The type of cytokine that is produced by virus-infected cells and attaches to the cell
membranes of nearby noninfected cells is a/an
a.
chemokine.
b.
interferon.
c.
interleukin.
d.
opsonin.
15. Natural killer cells are
a.
not part of the immune system.
b.
part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
c.
part of the adaptive immune system only.
d.
part of the innate immune system only.
16. Another name for programmed cell death caused by NK cells is
a.
apathism.
b.
apoptosis.
c.
cytokinesis.
d.
cytophagia.
17. Adaptive immunity
a.
is associated with erythrocytes.
b.
is associated with memory cells.
c.
is nonspecific.
d.
is quick to respond to an invading organism.
18. An immunoglobulin is also known as a/an
a.
antibody.
b.
antigen.
c.
parietal cell.
d.
plasma cell.
19. What cell is responsible for production, storage, and release of antibodies?
a.
B lymphocyte
b.
parietal cell
c.
plasma cell
d.
T lymphocyte
20. Where do T lymphocytes mature?
a.
lymph nodes
b.
spleen
c.
thymus
d.
thyroid
21. Which specific type of immunity is involved in antibody production?
a.
adaptive immunity
b.
cell-mediated immunity
c.
humoral immunity
d.
innate immunity
22. The first immunoglobulin produced by newborn animals is
a.
IgA.
b.
IgE.
c.
IgG.
d.
IgM.
23. The type of immunoglobulin produced through intranasal vaccination is
a.
IgA.
b.
IgD.
c.
IgE.
d.
IgM.
24. The most common immunoglobulin produced after an animal has been exposed to a pathogen
for a long time is
a.
IgA.
b.
IgE.
c.
IgG.
d.
IgM.
25. The immunoglobulin that protects body surfaces such as mucosal surfaces from foreign
microorganisms is
a.
IgA.
b.
IgG.
c.
IgE.
d.
IgM.
26. What type of immunologic cell can protect an animal from a pathogen after the animal’s
initial exposure and during a subsequent exposure?
a.
macrophage
b.
memory B cell
c.
naïve lymphocyte
d.
NK cell
27. What cell is responsible for immunity against intracellular pathogens?
a.
B lymphocytes
b.
monocytes
c.
plasma cells
d.
T lymphocytes
28. Helper T cells help the immune response by secreting __ into the surrounding tissue.
a.
antibodies
b.
cytokines
c.
hydrogen peroxide
d.
toxins
29. What type of cell will inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells?
a.
macrophages
b.
NK cells
c.
plasma cells
d.
regulatory T cells
30. An attenuated vaccine contains
a.
killed virus.
b.
live antibodies.
c.
modified live antibodies.
d.
modified live virus.
31. Transplacental antibody transfer from mother to fetus is an example of
a.
active immunity.
b.
cell-mediated immunity.
c.
humoral immunity.
d.
passive immunity.
32. When an animal receives a vaccine, about how long will it take before the animal’s immune
system will protect the animal from disease?
a.
2 days
b.
2 hours
c.
2 months
d.
2 weeks
33. The virulence of a pathogen refers to
a.
the mobility of the pathogen.
b.
the relative size of the pathogen.
c.
the relative strength of the pathogen.
d.
the source of the pathogen.
34. The type of hypersensitivity reaction that can be associated with a severe allergic reaction
from a second exposure to an antigen is
a.
type I reaction.
b.
type II reaction.
c.
type III reaction.
d.
type IV reaction.
35. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia results from a
a.
type I reaction.
b.
type II reaction.
c.
type III reaction.
d.
type IV reaction.
36. If you see a lymphocyte on a stained blood smear, it is most likely what type of lymphocyte?
a.
B cell
b.
dendritic cell
c.
Kupffer cell
d.
T cell