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TEST BANK
CHAPTER 13: PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
IN EARLY ADULTHOOD
Multiple Choice Questions
TB_13_01_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
The basic underlying, inevitable aging process called senescence is also known as ____________.
A) basic aging
B) primary aging
C) secondary aging
D) tertiary aging
TB_13_02_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
Sports injuries trend upwards when people are in their ____ and _____.
A) 20s; 30s
B) 30s; 40s
C) 40s; 50s
D) 50s; 60s
TB_13_03_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
Researchers have identified two different types of aging. What are they?
A) Aerobic and anaerobic
B) Primary and secondary
C) Individual and cohort comparative
D) Decline and compensation
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TB_13_04_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
What is the term that researchers use to describe the basic, underlying, inevitable processes of physical change that
affect all human beings?
A) Life dissatisfaction
B) Primary aging
C) Secondary aging
D) Core aging
TB_13_05_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or
disease?
A) Senescence
B) Compensatory decline
C) Intellectual aging
D) Secondary aging
TB_13_06_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
What is the most powerful factor that interacts with age to influence patterns of secondary aging?
A) Gender
B) Personal happiness
C) Social class
D) Life satisfaction
TB_13_07_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
According to developmentalists, which of the following most strongly influences length of life expectancy, quality
of health, and incidence of chronic illness among adults?
A) Marital status
B) Religiosity or spirituality
C) Personal happiness
D) Social class
357
TB_13_08_Primary and Secondary Aging_LO 13.1_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following lifestyle or behavioral changes is most likely to moderate the effects of primary aging on the
body?
A) Decreasing intense exercise
B) Stopping smoking
C) Attending religious services
D) Reducing supplemental calcium in the diet
TB_13_09_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
Neuropsychologists believe that the brain development of early adulthood leads to increased capacities for which of
the following?
A) Sexual expression; procreation
B) Abstract reasoning; response inhibition
C) Intelligence; emotional expression
D) Egocentrism; perception-bound reasoning
TB_13_10_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
Which part of the brain regulates emotional responses?
A) Thalamus
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Limbic system
D) Hypothalamus
358
TB_13_11_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
Diana kept failing her exams even though she found that she knew all the correct answers when she went back and
checked to see what she missed. Her teacher suggested that she needs to slow down and read each choice before she
makes a selection. Diana started to do much better on her exams. Her ability to resist writing down the first answer
she thought of is what your text refers to as
A) choice-regulation.
B) response inhibition.
C) prudence.
D) wisdom.
TB_13_12_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling the limbic system to provide response inhibition?
A) Frontal lobes
B) Temporal lobes
C) Hippocampus
D) Hypothalamus
TB_13_13_Research Report_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best summarizes the differences between men’s and women’s brains in young adulthood?
A) The sex differences that were seen in childhood and adolescence become less pronounced in young adulthood.
B) The corpus callosum develops faster in young men than in young women.
C) The amount, distribution, and ratio of gray matter to white matter differs considerably between men and women
in young adulthood.
D) The distribution of glial cells is markedly different between young men and young women.
TB_13_14_Research Report_LO 13.2_APA LO 1.1
When people think of the brain, they think of gray matter. Which of the following is the best definition of white
matter?
A) The collection of myelinated axons that connect one neuron to another
B) The collection of cell bodies and axon terminals
C) Collectively, the occipital and frontal lobes of the brain
D) The glial cells of the frontal lobes and limbic system
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TB_13_15_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Which two specific changes occur in the immune system beginning in adolescence?
A) Decrease in red blood cell production and white cell production
B) Shrinking of the thyroid gland and decrease in thyroxine
C) Shrinking of the thymus gland and production of immature T cells
D) Gradual loss of gray matter and an increase in white blood cells
TB_13_16_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Osteoporosis, or loss of calcium in the bones, is typically first seen in women in their _______.
A) 20s
B) 30s
C) 40s
D) 50s
TB_13_17_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Compared to older adults, adults in their 20s and 30s have __________________.
A) less muscle tissue
B) less bone calcium
C) more intelligence
D) more oxygen capacity
TB_13_18_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the most common measure of overall aerobic fitness of the heart and lungs?
A) VCO2 max
B) Systolic blood pressure
C) Maximum oxygen uptake
D) Carbon dioxide production
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TB_13_19_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
In adulthood, when maximum oxygen uptake is measured at rest, what is the usual age-based pattern? When
maximum oxygen uptake is measured during exercise, what is the typical age-based pattern?
A) There are equal declines when measured at rest and during exercise.
B) There are greater declines when measured at rest versus during exercise.
C) There are greater declines when measured during exercise versus at rest.
D) There are no declines when measured at rest or during exercise.
TB_13_20_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
What is the noticeable effect among adults experiencing age-based systematic decreases in maximum oxygen
uptake?
A) Immune system functioning is less efficient.
B) There is a loss of bone mineral and an increase in the wear and tear of the joints.
C) Tissues in all parts of the body become more elastic and flexible.
D) There is a general loss of strength and speed.
TB_13_21_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
When does a woman’s fertility begin to decline?
A) In her early 20s
B) In her mid-20s
C) In her early 30s
D) In her early 40s
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TB_13_22_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best describes changes in reproductive functioning as men and women age?
A) Reproductive ability declines equally in men and women as they age.
B) A woman produces fewer eggs as she ages and men produce fewer sperm as they age.
C) A woman will produce fewer eggs as she ages, but men typically do not show a decline in sperm production as
they age.
D) Lower sperm counts in men are almost always related to a disease state, while in women the inability to
reproduce is almost always age-related.
TB_13_23_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following are key components of the human immune system?
A) The liver and kidneys
B) The thymus gland and the bone marrow
C) Neurotransmitters and hormones
D) The pancreas and the liver
TB_13_24_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Why do adults become more susceptible to disease as they age?
A) Fewer antibodies are produced and T cells become less efficient.
B) More B cells and T cells are produced than can be absorbed by the bone marrow and the thymus gland.
C) The thymus gland and the bone marrow produce antibodies that attack normal body cells.
D) The thymus gland becomes excessively large and interferes with the production of B cells.
TB_13_25_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Mary is exposed to a virus when she touches a telephone recently touched by someone who has a cold. Which
feature of Mary’s immune system will protect her?
A) Thymus cells
B) Red blood cells
C) T cells
D) B cells
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TB_13_26_Other Body Systems_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Zach has a rare form of cancer. This may be, in part, due to which of the following?
A) Insufficient numbers of T cells
B) Insufficient numbers of B cells
C) Loss of bone marrow
D) Loss of antibodies
TB_13_27_No Easy Answers_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
ART stands for which of the following?
A) Assisted retirement technologies
B) Assisted reproductive techniques
C) Actual retirement transition
D) Available reproductive technology
TB_13_28_No Easy Answers_LO 13.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following occurs in approximately 29% of IVF pregnancies?
A) They have triplets.
B) They have twins.
C) They have children born with birth defects.
D) They fail to carry the pregnancy to delivery.
TB_13_29_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is unlikely to affect your longevity?
A) Drinking alcohol
B) Snacking
C) Sleeping
D) Exercising
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TB_13_30_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the impact of social support upon the health of adults?
A) In a study of adults ranging in age from 30 to 69, those with the fewest social connections in their social
networks had lower death rates than those with more social connections.
B) A large social network can increase the risk of disease.
C) The positive link between social contact and physical health is limited to Western culture and does not exist in
non-Western societies.
D) A study of depression among women found that social support buffered the negative effects of stress.
TB_13_31_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Georgia is the Clinical Director of a community counseling center. She wanted to develop a program to help
students deal with the stress in their lives, thereby improving their overall health. Which of the following would be
an important component of the program to buffer the effects of stress?
A) Information about health and fitness
B) A support group
C) Academic advisors
D) Problem solving skills
TB_13_32_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
In the Alameda study, which of the following was defined as part of the social network index?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Religious beliefs
D) Group membership
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TB_13_33_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following terms is used to describe an individual’s belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to
occur, or to perform a task successfully?
A) Self-expression
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-worth
TB_13_34_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Locus of control is best defined by which of the following?
A) An individual’s beliefs about the causes of events
B) An individual’s levels of optimism and pessimism
C) An individual’s self-concept
D) An individual’s ability to make something happen
TB_13_35_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Marcus has a flat tire on the way to work. He curses and says, “This always happens to me!” Marcus has known for
several months that he needs to buy new tires for his car. This is an example of which of the following?
A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-denial
C) An external locus of control
D) An internal locus of control
TB_13_36_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
People are most likely to be happy and healthy when which of the following circumstances exists in their lives?
A) When they are born into wealthy families and never have to face the economic stresses of life
B) When they have a realistic understanding of what they can and cannot control in their life
C) When they have an external locus of control combined with optimism
D) When they resign themselves to the fact that they really don’t have any control over what happens to them
365
TB_13_37_Health Habits and Personal Factors_LO 13.4_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following best illustrates Seligman’s view of optimism?
A) Jenny is a pleasant, sunny person who always has a smile and a warm greeting for everyone she meets.
B) Ivana believes she will do well in college because she has a high IQ and had an excellent college preparation
program in high school.
C) When Keisha goes to the race track, she bets on gray horses because she had a gray pony when she was a child.
D) Although six banks rejected Will’s application for a loan to start a computer software company, he persisted in
his efforts to convince people that his computer operating system would revolutionize personal computing.
TB_13_38_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Among which age group in the United States are STDs most common?
A) 12–14-year olds
B) 14–16-year olds
C) 15–24-year olds
D) 20–25-year olds
TB_13_39_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following conditions is the result of another sexually transmitted disease and can prevent conception in
women?
A) HIV
B) Human papilloma virus
C) Mononucleosis
D) Pelvic inflammatory disease
TB_13_40_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?
A) Men are more likely to become infertile from it than are women.
B) It is becoming easier to treat.
C) It is caused by bacteria.
D) Men are more likely to contract the disease.
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TB_13_41_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following STDs can lead to serious mental disorders and death if not treated?
A) Chlamydia
B) HPV
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis
TB_13_42_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
What is the most commonly occurring bacterial STD in the United States?
A) Gonorrhea
B) Syphilis
C) Chlamydia
D) HPV
TB_13_43_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
In which of the following groups is the rate of syphilis increasing?
A) African-Americans of both sexes
B) Homosexual men
C) White Americans of both sexes
D) African-American men
TB_13_44_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is a bacterial STD?
A) Chlamydia
B) Herpes
C) HPV
D) HIV
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TB_13_45_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
For which of the viral STDs has an effective vaccine been developed?
A) HIV
B) Herpes
C) Chlamydia
TB_13_46_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following causes genital warts?
A) Human papilloma virus
B) Human immunodeficiency virus
C) Human papistule virus
D) Herpes virus
TB_13_47_Sexually Transmitted Diseases_LO 13.5_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is a factor that increases susceptibility to infection with sexually transmitted diseases?
A) Discussing one’s sexual boundaries with one’s partner
B) Multiple sex partners
C) Discussion of sexually transmitted diseases in high school
D) Abstinence from use of drugs or alcohol
TB_13_48_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Surveys indicate that in the United States, _____ out of every 1,000 women are injured by a partner each year.
A) 2
B) 30
C) 12
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TB_13_49_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following U.S. ethnic groups has the lowest rates of physical abuse by an intimate partner?
A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Caucasians
TB_13_50_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
According to the World Health Organization, which country has the highest rate of physical abuse among women?
A) Switzerland
B) United States
C) Bangladesh
D) Nicaragua
TB_13_51_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
According to the World Health Organization, which country has the lowest rate of physical abuse among women?
A) Switzerland
B) United States
C) Canada
D) Mexico
TB_13_52_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Why is it difficult to accurately determine the level of partner abuse in same-sex couples?
A) Because most same-sex couples are lesbians and women are rarely the perpetrators of abuse
B) Because homosexuals may be less likely to seek medical attention for their injuries because of fear of
discrimination
C) Because the CDC and WHO do not track statistics on same-sex partner abuse
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TB_13_53_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is a factor considered to contribute to partner abuse?
A) Gender-role beliefs that men are equivalent to women
B) Laws that define women as property
C) Partner differences, such as differences in ethnicity or differences in IQ
D) Education on similarities and differences between the sexes
TB_13_54_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following groups is most likely to be a victim of partner abuse?
A) Women 16 to 24 years of age
B) Women 25 to 35 years of age
C) Women 35 to 40 years of age
D) Women 40 to 50 years of age
TB_13_55_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is true of the perpetrators of spousal homicide approximately 50% of the time?
A) They dropped out of high school.
B) They had been using alcohol or drugs.
C) They had been experiencing high levels of stress.
D) They were mentally ill.
TB_13_56_Intimate Partner Abuse_LO 13.6_APA LO 1.3
Based on your textbook, which of the following approaches is unlikely to help prevent intimate partner abuse?
A) Vigorous law enforcement
B) Teaching hospital emergency room personnel to recognize the signs of abuse
C) Provide the victims with means to protect themselves, such as weapons
D) Provide victims with problem-solving skills and temporary shelters