53. On which of the following points do most theories of gender-role development agree?
a.
Biological forces are the most important determinant of gender-role development.
b.
Children identify with their same-sex parent in order to resolve painful feelings of family conflict.
c.
Gender roles that children develop depend on an interaction between biological factors and what their society
offers in terms of gender models.
d.
Gender roles depend on acquiring a certain level of cognitive development.
54. In general, gender roles
a.
are more differentiated during adolescence than they are among newlyweds.
b.
become more traditional and differentiated in a married couple following the birth of a child.
c.
tend to remain constant across the adult years.
d.
are more pronounced for couples when both partners are working.
55. Which statement concerning gender roles in adulthood is FALSE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
56. On a personality test, Burt scores very low on both the agentic and communal scales. As such, he is best classified as
a.
masculine.
b.
feminine.
c.
androgynous.
d.
undifferentiated.
57. How would you demonstrate androgyny?
a.
Be both assertive and compassionate.
b.
Be both compassionate and understanding.
c.
Be both understanding and affectionate.
d.
Be both affectionate and compassionate.
58. The theory that becoming parents pressures males to be more “masculine” and females to be more “feminine” is
referred to as the
a.
androgyny shift.
b.
double standard.
c.
parental imperative.
d.
gender segregation.
59. Prior to the birth of their first child, Darnell and June have very strong gender-role orientation. Darnell, the father, is
extremely masculine while June, the mother, is extremely feminine. According to the “parental imperative,” what would
you expect to happen to Darnell and June’s gender roles following the birth of their first son, Wally?
a.
Both June and Darnell will become more feminine.
b.
June will become more masculine and Ward more feminine.
c.
Both June and Darnell will become more masculine.
d.
There will be little change in their gender roles.
60. Observations of infants and infant sexuality suggest all of the following EXCEPT that
a.
they appear to derive pleasure from oral stimulation.
b.
their genitals are sensitive to stimulation.
c.
they actively seek sexual contact with other infants.
d.
they undergo what appear to be orgasms.
61. Research supports all of the following EXCEPT that
a.
adrenal gland activity around age 10 appears to be linked to the first sexual attraction.
b.
attitudes concerning sexual behavior vary between cultures.
c.
the first sexual attraction tends to occur prior to the maturation of the sex organs.
d.
sexual behavior in puberty is best conceptualized as being solely driven by hormones.
62. The impact of sexual abuse appears to be most severe when the abuse was a
a.
one-time event involving a stranger.
b.
one-time event involving a close relative.
c.
frequent, long-term event involving a stranger.
d.
frequent, long-term event involving a close relative.
63. Twin studies on sexual orientation show that
a.
genes are much more influential than environmental factors in determining sexual orientation.
b.
sexual orientation is determined almost completely by environmental factors.
c.
a genetic link cannot be established because not enough twins will participate in this kind of research.
d.
genetic and environmental influences appear about equally responsible for sexual orientation.
64. Most teens in the U.S. believe that
a.
sex, both in the context of a committed relationship and in casual relationships, is acceptable.
b.
sex, in the context of a committed relationship is acceptable, but casual sex is much less acceptable.
c.
casual sex is acceptable, but sex in the context of a committed relationship is much less acceptable.
d.
neither casual sex nor sex in the context of a committed relationship are acceptable.
65. Which best illustrates the underlying premise of the double standard?
a.
What’s okay for him is not okay for her.
b.
I want to only play with girls, not boys.
c.
Men are smart, women are dumb.
d.
Male but feminine equals gay.
66. When discussing sex with his buddies, Javier says, “The key is to understand that normal guys want and need sex,
whereas girls who want sex are immoral and corrupt.” Javier’s comments best exemplify the concept of
a.
the double standard.
b.
gender segregation.
c.
the androgyny shift.
d.
gender intensification.
67. Research on 12th-graders indicates that
a.
significantly more males than females are sexually active (i.e., have had at least one sexual encounter).
b.
significantly more females than males are sexually active (i.e., have had at least one sexual encounter).
c.
both males and females tend to be sexually active (i.e., have had at least one sexual encounter)
d.
neither males nor females are sexually active.
68. A 2007 study of college students found that about _____ agreed that they “had sex” when they engaged in oral-genital
stimulation.
a.
20%
b.
40%
c.
80%
d.
100%
69. Research on 16-year-old sexual abstainers, low risk-takers, and high risk-takers found that
a.
abstaining was most common in teens with unwed mothers.
b.
high-risk teens looked more mature at earlier ages than teens from the other groups.
c.
low-risk teens were most likely to be involved in romantic relationships.
d.
there was no relationship between behaviors exhibited between ages 9 and 12 and later sexual activity.
70. Women
a.
tend to have a shorter sexual refractory period than men.
b.
show increases in the speed of sexual arousal in older age.
c.
lose the physiological capacity to have sex before men.
d.
who have experienced menopause show a steep decline in interest in sexual activity.
71. Which of the following is a component of a man’s gender?
a.
build
b.
strength
c.
compassion
d.
testes
72. Which of the following is a component of a woman’s gender?
a.
breasts
b.
uterus
c.
strength
d.
attire
73. Which of the following terms best reflects the concept of gender roles?
a.
biological dictates
b.
social expectations
c.
parental guidelines
d.
common inaccuracies
74. Wanda has recently recognized that she has a vagina but her brother has a penis. What caused Wanda to have a vagina
and not a penis?
a.
an X chromosome
b.
a Y chromosome
c.
hormones
d.
neurotransmitters
75. The guys on the soccer team always kid coach Martinez, saying that he’s like an old mother hen the way he watches
over them and asks what they ate and if they slept well. What are the team members experiencing from their coach?
a.
double standard
b.
agency
c.
role reversal
d.
communality
76. Cleo was frustrated with her husband Jesse because he always had some appliance or gadget taken apart on her dining
room table. She finally agreed to turn the spare bedroom into a workroom for him so she can have guests for dinner. What
is the cause of Jesse’s behavior?
a.
communing
b.
agency
c.
dominance
d.
systemizing
77. Which of the following indicates how American women identify with masculine and feminine traits now compared to
20 years ago?
a.
Masculinity and femininity has increased
b.
Masculinity has remained the same, while femininity has decreased
c.
Masculinity has increased, while femininity has remained the same
d.
Masculinity has remained the same, while femininity has increased
78. DeMarco graduated from college in 2015. How does he likely think about men and women?
a.
slightly favoring men
b.
as equals
c.
slightly favoring women
d.
strongly favoring men
79. Which term best reflects the cause of homosexuality?
a.
genetic
b.
uncertain
c.
hormonal
d.
social
80. When he was in early elementary grades, most of Zack’s friends were girls and they were always flirting at recess. So
it surprised his parents when Zack told them at 15 that he is gay. Which term describes Zack’s playground behavior?
a.
inconsistent child gender stability
b.
early gender desensitization
c.
childhood gender nonconformity
d.
androgenized social interaction
81. The prevalence of homosexuality among identical twins is ________ the prevalence among all fraternal twins.
a.
three times higher than
b.
about the same as
c.
four times higher than
d.
slightly lower than
82. Compared to the proportion of adults who identify as homosexual or bisexual, the proportion of teens who participate
in homosexual activity is ________.
a.
much lower
b.
slightly lower
c.
about the same
d.
much higher
83. Quinn is a member of the demographic group of teens and young adults who have come out to their parents. How old
was Quinn when he told his parents that he is gay?
a.
17
b.
19
c.
22
d.
24
84. Tameka is in the pre-coming out stage of her journey toward a transgender identity. Which of the following terms best
reflects her state?
a.
relieved
b.
confident
c.
anticipatory
d.
confused
85. According to Bockting and Coleman, the process of adopting a transgender identity culminates with ________.
a.
integration
b.
declaration
c.
self-acceptance
d.
validation
86. A group of 100 transgender teens have gathered for a state house rally in support of a comprehensive anti-
discrimination law for LGBT youth. How many of the teens in this group have been bullied at some time?
a.
39
b.
52
c.
67
d.
74
87. Sammy is at an age where he is developing a sexual identity and considering how to act on it. Which of the following
will have the most impact on how Sammy navigates this process?
a.
doctors
b.
society
c.
parents
d.
school