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TB_12_55_Moral Development and Antisocial Behavior_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms describes antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking?
A) Juvenile behavior
B) Delinquency
C) Acting out
D) Role-taking
TB_12_56_Moral Development and Antisocial Behavior_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements best summarizes the success of programs designed to deter delinquent behavior
in adolescents?
A) The programs introduced prior to the 1990s prove to be the most successful.
B) Most programs introduced in the 20th century were not successful, but in the 21st century significant progress is
being made.
C) As of 2003, most of these programs have been discontinued.
D) As of 2003, most of these programs have not been successful.
TB_12_57_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.11_APA LO 1.1
Like most teens, Annika has two contradictory tasks in her relationship with her parents: to establish autonomy from
them and
A) to keep her peer relationships separate from them.
B) to question their authority.
C) to maintain a sense of relatedness with them.
D) to maintain a sense of inferiority.
TB_12_58_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.11_APA LO 1.1
In the great majority of families, what are conflicts between parents and children generally about?
A) Everyday issues, such as chores
B) Problems with teachers
C) Relationships with peers
D) Work
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TB_12_59_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.11_APA LO 1.1
What is true about teens that are close to their parents?
A) They are more likely to have sex at an early age.
B) They are less likely to do drugs.
C) They suffer more from peer pressure.
D) They tend to be victims of bullying.
TB_12_60_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best summarizes the importance of parental-teen relationships across cultures?
A) The consistency and quality of peer attachments seem to be more important to most teens than the strength of
parental attachments.
B) Teens who are too attached to their parents tend to have poor peer relationships.
C) The consistency and quality of the parental attachment seem to be more important to most teens than the strength
of peer attachments.
D) Peer relationships always take precedence over parental relationships during adolescence.
TB_12_61_Friendships_LO 12.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is considered to be the least important characteristic of teenagers’ friendships?
A) Shared activities
B) Sexual attractiveness
C) Loyalty and faithfulness
D) Stability
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TB_12_62_Friendships_LO 12.12_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, which of the following is one of the contributors to interpersonal loyalty, intimacy, and
faithfulness within friendships during adolescence?
A) Hormonal changes
B) Temperament
C) Age
D) Gender
TB_12_63_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
Don’s parents are politically conservative and consider themselves religious. Don’s values are very much the same
as his parents, but he has several friends who are active in politically liberal causes. Don’s friends ask him to join
them for a rally to protest the local library’s plan to limit teenagers’ access to the Internet. What is Don most likely
to do?
A) Join his friends at the rally
B) Change his values
C) Find a new group of friends
D) Put pressure upon his friends to change their course of action
TB_12_64_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
How do peer group pressures affect adolescents?
A) The typical pattern of peer pressure is to encourage misconduct or negative activities.
B) Adolescents are most likely to choose a peer group that shares their values, attitudes, behavior, and identity
status.
C) Until their identity is developed, adolescents will be unable to withstand peer pressure to explore attitudes or
behaviors that are inconsistent with their basic values and beliefs.
D) The need to conform to the group increases during adolescence and peaks by age 18 or 19.
TB_12_65_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
At what age does peer group conformity peak?
A) 11–12
B) 13–15
C) 15–16
D) 16–17
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TB_12_66_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
A clique is made up of between ___ and ___ young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another.
A) 2; 3
B) 4; 6
C) 5; 10
D) 10; 15
TB_12_67_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following describes a combination of cliques that includes both male and female members?
A) Crowd
B) Cohort
C) Peer structure
D) Peer group
TB_12_68_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the best example of a clique, as described by Dunphy?
A) Kwame and Mahmoud have been best friends since they played on the same soccer team in fifth grade.
B) Helena and Raoul have been dating since they were 15, and now they are thinking of marrying.
C) The Detroit City basketball team won the state championship by setting team goals, playing unselfishly, and
practicing every day.
D) Bobby, Mike, George, and Derrick have shared good and bad times in each other’s lives since they were 12 years
old.
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TB_12_69_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
Which statement most accurately describes the progression of peer group structures through adolescence?
A) Same-sex cliques combine into crowds that evolve into heterosexual cliques and associations of couples.
B) Crowds dissolve into cliques that reorganize into heterosexual pairs.
C) Reputation-based groups become identity prototypes that will become either cliques or crowds.
D) Peers separate from cliques to form broader groups based on interests.
TB_12_70_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
Hippies, cowboys, nerds, geeks, and preppies are all terms that might be used to describe which of the following?
A) Cliques
B) Peer groups
C) Crowds
D) Clubs
TB_12_71_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
The identity prototypes associated with reputation-based peer groups most likely serve the developmental purpose of
A) helping teens understand their potential roles as adults.
B) maintaining order and discipline among groups in the educational setting.
C) clarifying appropriate targets for social and romantic interests.
D) helping to create or reinforce adolescents’ sense of identity.
TB_12_72_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is likely to be true of social interactions in later adolescence?
A) Belonging to a clique of high status becomes more important.
B) Adolescents who don’t belong to a clique or a crowd tend to date more frequently.
C) Mutual friendships and dating pairs become more important than cliques or crowds.
D) Dating pairs replace mutual friendships.
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TB_12_73_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following typically helps to prepare adolescents for romantic relationships?
A) Comparing notes with their friends of the same sex
B) Sex education courses
C) Discussions with parents
D) Participation in mixed-gender groups of friends
TB_12_74_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a risk factor for early dating and higher levels of sexual experience among adolescent
girls?
A) Having same-sex parents
B) Divorced parents
C) Late puberty
D) Higher socioeconomic class
TB_12_75_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true of homosexuality in teenagers?
A) Homosexuality is less prevalent in teenagers than any other age group.
B) Many adolescents experience some degree of attraction to both sexes before identifying as homosexual.
C) They are likely to “discover” their sexual attractions much later than their heterosexual peers.
D) Girls who express a homosexual orientation express less certainty about it than homosexual boys do.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_12_76_Chapter Introduction_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
Jewish boys take part in bar mitzvah and girls take part in bat mitzvah. These are both examples of ________.
TB_12_77_Psychoanalytic Perspectives_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
The last of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development is the ________ stage.
TB_12_78_Psychoanalytic Perspectives_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
Erikson used the term ________ to refer to the period when an adolescent is troubled by a lack of identity.
TB_12_79_Self-Understanding_LO 12.3_APA LO 1.1
Teens whose academic self-concepts are strong tend to take more ________ courses in high school.
TB_12_80_Gender Roles_LO 12.5_APA LO 1.1
An individual whose gender-role identity is ________ would perceive herself or himself as having both feminine
and masculine traits.
347
TB_12_81_Gender Roles_LO 12.5_APA LO 1.1
According to Bem, someone who is low in masculinity and femininity would be considered to be ________ in their
gender-role identity.
TB_12_82_Ethnic Identity_LO 12.6_APA LO 1.1
The second stage in Phinney’s ethnic identity theory is ethnic ________.
TB_12_83_Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning_LO 12.7_APA LO 1.1
An individual who has thought carefully about their moral values and considers what is best for society as well as
for themselves, even if it goes against conventional morals, would be in Kohlberg’s stage of ________.
TB_12_84_Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning_LO 12.7_APA LO 1.1
The rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs, such as the family, peer group, or religion, become
the basis of moral judgments during the ________ level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning.
TB_12_85_Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning_LO 12.7_APA LO 1.1
Sometimes Kohlberg’s stage of social system and conscience is known as the ________ stage.
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TB_12_86_Moral Development and Antisocial Behavior_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
________ is defined as antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking.
TB_12_87_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.11_APA LO 1.1
Adolescents tend to go to their ________ as their primary means of emotional support, even though ________
relationships take on more importance.
TB_12_88_Friendships_LO 12.12_APA LO 1.1
In one longitudinal study, approximately ________% of friendships formed by tenth-graders were long-lasting.
TB_12_89_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
A combination of cliques forms a ________.
TB_12_90_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Homosexual teens become aware of their same-sex attractions at about the age of ________. Heterosexual teens
become aware of their opposite-sex attractions at about the age of ________.
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Short Answer Questions
TB_12_91_Chapter Introduction_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
According to Erikson, what is missing from many industrialized societies that makes adolescents more vulnerable to
risky behaviors?
TB_12_92_Chapter Introduction_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
Why are rites of passage important?
TB_12_93_Psychoanalytic Theories_LO 12.1_APA LO 1.2
Why does Erikson say that a child’s early sense of identity comes partly “unglued” during adolescence?
TB_12_94_Self-Understanding_LO 12.3_APA LO 1.1
As children move into adolescence, their self-concept becomes more differentiated. What does this mean?
TB_12_95_Gender Roles_LO 12.5_APA LO 1.1
What are the four categories of gender role identity as defined by Bem?
350
TB_12_96_Developmental Science in the Classroom_LO 12.6_APA LO 1.1
What did researchers find when African American boys aged 10–18 years were asked to name an important role
model outside their families?
TB_12_97_Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning_LO 12.7_APA LO 1.1
What are the names of the two stages in Kohlberg’s first level of moral development?
TB_12_98_Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning_LO 12.7_APA LO 1.1
Martha accepts what her pastor says as the truth. Her own moral values rely on his guidance. According to
Kohlberg, Martha is in which level of moral reasoning?
TB_12_99_Causes and Consequences of Moral Development_LO 12.8_APA LO 1.1
William is considered by his friends to be very empathetic because he has the ability to “put himself into others’
shoes” and see things from their perspectives. What is the formal term for this ability?
TB_12_100_Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory_LO 12.9_APA LO 1.1
What, specifically, do critics of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning say about its applicability to non-Western
cultures?
351
TB_12_101_Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory_LO 12.9_APA LO 1.1
Who is the theorist that argues that an ethic based on caring for others and maintaining social relationships is as
important to moral reasoning as ideas about justice?
TB_12_102_Moral Development and Antisocial Behavior_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
Deficits in role-taking skills may lead to what type of behavior in adolescence?
TB_12_103_Relationships with Parents_LO 12.11_APA LO 1.1
What is the relative importance of parental support and peer support to most adolescents?
TB_12_104_Friendships_LO 12.12_APA LO 1.1
During early adolescence (ages 12–15), what do teens place the most emphasis on in their relations with peers?
TB_12_105_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
By what age do most teens commit to a sexual orientation identity? What’s the difference between boys and girls in
this commitment?
352
Essay Questions
TB_12_106_Marcia’s Theory of Identity Achievement_LO 12.2_APA LO 1.2
Identify James Marcia’s four identity statuses. Explain how crisis and commitment work together to achieve identity
achievement status.
TB_12_107_Gender Roles_LO 12.5_APA LO 1.1
List four different gender role identities identified by Bem. Give an example of a traditional gender role identity and
an example of a nontraditional gender role identity. Explain how these roles affect self-esteem.
TB_12_108_Ethnic Identity_LO 12.6_APA LO 1.1
Consider someone you know, perhaps even yourself, who comes from a biracial family. What are some of the
struggles that biracial teens have to overcome? Is what the text says consistent with your own experience?
TB_12_109_Developmental Science in the Classroom_LO 12.6_APA LO 1.1
Explain why adolescents of ethnic minorities tend to model athletes and “famous” individuals rather than people that
they are familiar with in their everyday lives, even if these people are high achievers.
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TB_12_110_Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory_LO 12.9_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning put forth by Carol Gilligan. Does the research
support or contradict these criticisms?
TB_12_111_No Easy Answers_LO 12.10_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the research findings on violent crimes committed by adolescents. How successful have programs been
in decreasing youth violence? Describe the newer approaches aimed at decreasing delinquency and their success.
TB_12_112_Peer Groups_LO 12.13_APA LO 1.1
How do peer groups change their structure across the years of adolescence? How do cliques and crowds differ?
TB_12_113_Romantic Relationships_LO 12.14_APA LO 1.1
Describe adolescent romantic relationships. By what age do teens have a sense of what it means to be in love? What
are some gender differences in these perceptions?
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