311
TB_11_54_Depression and Suicide_LO 11.10_APA LO 1.3
What percentage of high school students in the U.S. has seriously considered suicide?
A) 1%
B) 7%
C) 16%
D) 25%
TB_11_55_Depression and Suicide_LO 11.10_APA LO 1.3
Why are girls less likely to complete suicide?
A) They are more prone to suicidal “faking.”
B) They lack access to lethal means.
C) They tend to use means that are less successful, such as self-poisoning.
D) Fewer girls attempt suicide, so fewer complete.
TB_11_56_Depression and Suicide_LO 11.10_APA LO 1.3
Which of the following is recognized as a common factor among suicide completers?
A) History of parental divorce
B) Altered mental state through alcohol, drugs, or emotional upset
C) Poor grades in school
D) Abnormal sexual behaviors
TB_11_57_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
What is Piaget’s stage of cognitive development that emerges between ages 12 and 16?
A) Concrete operations
B) Preoperational
C) Post-operational
D) Formal operations
312
TB_11_58_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Piaget, through his fourth stage, believed that adolescence is the time when children’s main task is to learn which of
the following?
A) To reason logically about abstract concepts
B) To use concrete operations in new ways
C) Choose an adult career
D) Develop peer relationships
TB_11_59_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Fourteen-year-old Muhammed won a contest sponsored by the local newspaper to celebrate a championship
basketball game. The object of the contest was to determine how many words could be made from the word “score.”
Which newly developed ability of formal operational thought would have been most helpful to Muhammed?
A) The ability to reason about objects or situations not previously seen or experienced
B) The ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem
C) The ability to use ethical principles for decision-making
D) The ability to start with a theory and a prediction and arrive at a conclusion
TB_11_60_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Charlene has achieved formal operational thought and is about to attempt Piaget’s pendulum task. What can she do
that she was UNABLE to do when she was still in the concrete operations stage?
A) Formulate an approach to the task
B) Try out varying combinations of height, weight, force, and length
C) Measure the length of the string, the height of the pendulum, and the weight of the object
D) Evaluate the effects of multiple factors in systematic, methodical fashion
TB_11_61_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a component of adolescent egocentrism, according to Elkind?
A) Hypothetical-inductive reasoning
B) Self-biography
C) Concrete thinking
D) The personal fable
313
TB_11_62_Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Whenever Jean walks by a mirror or any reflective surface, he stops to make sure that his hair looks good and that
his clothes look acceptable to his peers. Which principle is at work here?
A) Piaget’s theory of centration
B) Elkind’s theory of the imaginary audience
C) Elkind’s theory of formal operations
D) Piaget’s theory of deductive logic
TB_11_63_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 11.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is an accurate statement about adolescents’ development of formal operational thinking?
A) Formal operational reasoning enables adolescents to understand figurative language, such as metaphors.
B) An adolescent’s decision-making can include here-and-now factors but not future possibilities.
C) Nearly all adolescents are engaged in formal operational thinking by the twelfth grade.
D) Higher education is of little use in the development of formal operational thinking.
TB_11_64_Advances in Information Processing_LO 11.13_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, high school students perform better than elementary school students in memory task
experiments because they
A) can apply previously learned memory strategies to the new task.
B) pay closer attention to the task.
C) are more motivated.
D) are more mature and therefore more goal-oriented.
TB_11_65_Advances in Information Processing_LO 11.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best summarizes the research of Brown and Day regarding text learning in adolescence?
A) The ability to summarize a text at the age of 18 is not much different than at the age of 13.
B) Overall, students in U.S. high schools are unable to summarize and comprehend their reading assignments.
C) The ability to summarize a text improves gradually during the second half of adolescence.
D) Sixteen-year-olds are likely to use only the first and third rules when writing summaries.
314
TB_11_66_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
Which statement best describes the transition from elementary school to high school?
A) Students experience losses in academic achievement and self-esteem.
B) Students generally have a smooth transition and easy adaptation to different demands of a new educational
environment.
C) Students establish higher personal standards and goals for success.
D) Students have increased competence and self-efficacy.
TB_11_67_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
If Marla wants to be the best clarinet player in the band, she is motivated by which type of goal?
A) Ability
B) Extrinsic
C) Inductive
D) Task
TB_11_68_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
DeShaun wants to learn calculus so he can become an engineer. He is motivated by which type of goal?
A) Ability
B) Metacognitive
C) Hypothetical
D) Task
TB_11_69_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the best example of a child who has ability goals for academic achievement?
A) Julia loves to cook and wants to open her own restaurant.
B) Darren wants to do another biology project on fruit flies because he learned so much on his first project.
C) Cindy hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters.
D) Eduardo hopes his computer teacher will let him learn Java computer programming language for his final project.
315
TB_11_70_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, which of the following is a factor that influences adolescent adjustment to secondary school?
A) Middle schools’ de-emphasis on ability grouping
B) The emphasis in middle schools on self-efficacy
C) A lack of goal orientation in the individual adolescent
D) The perception that the teachers and the school are impersonal and unsupportive
TB_11_71_Gender, Ethnicity, and Achievement in Science and Math_LO 11.15_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best explains what shapes girls’ desire to take advanced math and science classes?
A) Their own abilities and belief in the acceptability of these subjects for girls
B) The encouragement they receive from their parents to pursue these fields
C) The encouragement they receive from their teachers to take these courses
D) The acceptance they receive from their peers if they choose these types of courses
TB_11_72_Dropping Out of High School_LO 11.16_APA LO 1.1
What percentage of U.S. high school students receives a diploma?
A) 50%
B) 65%
C) 90%
D) 95%
TB_11_73_Dropping Out of High School_LO 11.16_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best correlates with dropping out of high school?
A) Child’s height and weight
B) Risk-taking behavior
C) Being an only child
D) Gender
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317
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_11_74_Brain Development and Physical Growth_LO 11.1_APA LO 1.1
The first major brain growth spurt in adolescence occurs between the ages of ________.
TB_11_75_Milestones of Puberty_LO 11.2_APA LO 1.1
Changes in sexual maturity that occur during puberty are referred to as ________ sex characteristics.
TB_11_76_Milestones of Puberty_LO 11.2_APA LO 1.1
The first ejaculation in boys is called ________.
TB_11_77_Sexual Behavior_LO 11.4_APA LO 1.1
When surveyed, ________% of 15– to 19-year-old females reported having sex at least once in their lives.
TB_11_78_Sexual Behavior_LO 11.4_APA LO 1.1
Girls who are sexually active are also more likely to have experienced early ________.
TB_11_79_Adolescent Pregnancy_LO 11.5_APA LO 1.1
Approximately ________ of teen pregnancies in the U.S. end in abortion.
318
TB_11_80_Sexual Minority Youth_LO 11.6_APA LO 1.1
Many researchers feel that recognition of one’s feelings of same-sex attraction begin as early as ________.
TB_11_81_Sexual Minority Youth_LO 11.6_APA LO 1.1
Mary is a biological female who identifies psychologically and emotionally as male. Mary is ________.
TB_11_82_Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco_LO 11.8_APA LO 1.3
The incidence of illicit drug use among teens was ________ in the 1990s than in the 1970s.
TB_11_83_Eating Disorders_LO 11.9_APA LO 1.3
Sylvia, although extremely thin, looks in the mirror and sees excessive body fat. She exercises obsessively and eats
very little. Sylvia might be diagnosed as having ________.
TB_11_84_Eating Disorders_LO 11.9_APA LO 1.3
Research conducted by Dyl, et al. indicates that eating disorders may be more attributable to ________ factors than
________ factors.
319
TB_11_85_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 11.12_APA LO 1.1
Piaget’s concept of ________ enables teens to understand metaphors and symbols.
TB_11_86_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
Goals based on a desire for self-improvement are referred to as ________ goals.
TB_11_87_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
Jason works out regularly at the gym. He is one of the best players on his soccer team. Jason’s goal to be the best on
his team is an example of a (n) ________ goal.
TB_11_88_Gender, Ethnicity, and Achievement in Science and Math_LO 11.15_APA LO 1.1
One of the strongest predictors of girls’ science achievement is their ________ perception of science as a suitable
career for females.
320
Short Answer Questions
TB_11_89_Brain Development and Physical Growth_LO 11.1_APA LO 1.1
What are the major changes that take place in the development of the heart and lungs during adolescence?
TB_11_90_Milestones of Puberty_LO 11.2_APA LO 1.1
List three glands that contribute to physical growth and development. Identify the hormone that each gland secretes.
TB_11_91_Milestones of Puberty_LO 11.2_APA LO 1.1
Using Tanner’s stages of pubertal development, identify a change that takes place in stage 4 for girls and one that
takes place for boys in stage 3.
TB_11_92_Sexual Behavior_LO 11.4_APA LO 1.1
List in order, from highest to lowest, the three ethnic groups most likely to have had sexual intercourse during their
high school years.
TB_11_93_Adolescent Pregnancy_LO 11.5_APA LO 1.1
Identify three factors that increase the likelihood that a teen girl will become pregnant.
321
TB_11_94_Sensation Seeking_LO 11.7_APA LO 1.3
Why does your text say that risky behaviors are more common in adolescence than other developmental periods?
TB_11_95_Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco_LO 11.8_APA LO 1.3
Which substance is the most frequently used by teenagers according to your text?
TB_11_96_Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco_LO 11.8_APA LO 1.3
Name three reasons why the incidence of cigarette smoking has decreased among U.S. teens since the 1970s.
TB_11_97_Eating Disorders_LO 11.9_APA LO 1.3
Describe the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
TB_11_98_Depression and Suicide_LO 11.10_APA LO 1.3
List three factors that contribute to completed suicide.
322
TB_11_99_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 11.12_APA LO 1.1
Eight-year-old Emily and 13-year-old Ben are sitting with their parents at the dinner table. The family is having a
discussion about relationships and their mom says, “Birds of a feather flock together.” Explain the differences in
how Emily and Ben will interpret this statement.
TB_11_100_Advances in Information Processing_LO 11.13_APA LO 1.1
By what age do the metacognitive and metamemory skills of adolescents become fully developed?
TB_11_101_Transition to Secondary School_LO 11.14_APA LO 1.1
When a high-achieving fifth grader starts to lose confidence in his abilities after transitioning to middle school, what
are some possible reasons for this?
TB_11_102_Gender, Ethnicity, and Achievement in Science and Math_LO 11.15_APA LO 1.1
How do girls compare with boys in math skills and achievement?
TB_11_103_Dropping Out of High School_LO 11.16_APA LO 1.1
Identify three factors that contribute to dropping out of high school.
323
Essay Questions
TB_11_104_Brain Development and Physical Growth_LO 11.1_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the physical changes that correlate with motor skill development in adolescence. Explain some of the
differences between boys and girls.
TB_11_105_Milestones of Puberty_LO 11.2_APA LO 1.1
Explain the concept of the secular trend and apply it to adolescent sexual development.
TB_11_106_Timing of Puberty_LO 11.3_APA LO 1.1
How does parenting interact with the timing of puberty to influence sexual behavior?
TB_11_107_Sexual Behavior_LO 11.4_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the frequency of contraceptive use among U.S. teens.
324
TB_11_108_Developmental Science in the Clinic_LO 11.5_APA LO 1.1
List and summarize the three phases of the crisis intervention model used to help pregnant teenagers.
TB_11_109_Sensation Seeking_LO 11.7_APA LO 1.3
In terms of adolescent behavior, what is meant by sensation seeking? How is sensation seeking a risk factor in
adolescent development? What types of behaviors are linked to sensation seeking by adolescents?
TB_11_110_Research Report_LO 11.11_APA LO 1.1
Explain the differences in formal operational thought between younger and older teens. How does Piaget account for
TB_11_111_No Easy Answers_LO 11.16_APA LO 1.1