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Henslin, Essentials of Sociology, 12th Edition, Test Bank
Chapter 11: Politics and the Economy
Multiple-Choice Questions
TB_Q11.1.1
Power that people consider rightly exercised over them is known as
a. coercion.
b. authority.
c. imposed control.
d. illegitimate power.
TB_Q11.1.2
_____ is a form of power that people do not accept as rightly exercised over them.
a. Legitimate power
b. Large-scale power
c. Authority
d. Coercion
TB_Q1.1.3
The _____ is a political entity that claims a monopoly on the use of violence in a
country.
a. charismatic authority
b. state
c. army
d. court
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TB_Q11.1.4
People reject the government’s monopoly on violence, and claim the right for
themselves, in a(n)
a. state.
b. exercise of traditional authority.
c. election.
d. revolution.
TB_Q15.2.9
Traditional authority–which is authority based on custom–is the hallmark of
a. preindustrial societies.
b. industrialized societies.
c. all states.
d. postindustrial societies.
TB_Q15.2.10
Rational–legal authority is based upon
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a. oral tradition.
b. coercion.
c. written rules.
d. custom.
TB_Q15.2.11
Joan of Arc is an example of a leader who had_____ authority.
a. charismatic
b. rational–legal
c. traditional
d. no
TB_Q15.2.12
Because there is no rule for succession when a charismatic authority figure dies,
the leader will sometimes name a successor or build an organization that can
govern after the charismatic figure is gone. Weber called this transition of
authority the
a. traditional authority.
b. routinization of charisma.
c. revolution.
d. best of all possible worlds.
TB_Q15.3.13
A feature of early societies was _____, the power of which radiated outward to
adjacent areas that came under its rule.
a. representative democracy
b. revolutionary authority
c. universal citizenship
d. the city-state
TB_Q15.3.14
In a monarchy, the power to rule is passed on to the
a. ruler’s friends.
b. ruler’s children.
c. people.
d. charismatic leader.
TB_Q15.3.15
The term democracy literally means
a. all hail the king.
b. may the best man win.
c. common denominator.
d. power to the people.
TB_Q15.3.16
In a(n) _____ democracy, the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and
make their decisions.
a. indirect
b. representative
c. direct
d. totalitarian
TB_Q15.3.17
Representative democracy uses _____ of the voters to discuss the issues and make
decisions.
a. the rulers
b. representatives
c. children
d. friends
TB_Q15.3.18
_____, something new with the United States, is the concept that birth (and
residence or naturalization) in a country imparts basic rights.
a. Revolution
b. Citizenship
c. Dictatorship
d. Totalitarianism
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TB_Q15.3.19
In the early United States, _____ voted.
a. everyone
b. all men
c. all white men
d. all white men who owned property
TB_Q15.3.20
In a(n) _____, an individual has seized power.
a. direct democracy
b. dictatorship
c. oligarchy
d. representative democracy
TB_Q15.3.21
A small group of individuals holds power in a(n)
a. oligarchy.
b. representative democracy.
c. dictatorship.
d. direct democracy.
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TB_Q15.3.22
The amount of control wielded over a people by totalitarianism is
a. almost total.
b. moderate.
c. very slight.
d. nonexistent.
TB_Q15.4.23
Republicans and Democrats represent
a. radically different political parties.
b. the exact same viewpoint.
c. slightly different slices of the center.
d. extreme viewpoints.
TB_Q15.4.24
In the United States, third parties
a. have consistently been successful.
b. must support the same centrist themes as Democrats and Republicans to play a
role.
c. are illegal.
d. have to set themselves apart from the two main parties to play a role.
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TB_Q15.4.25
What is the difference between centrist and noncentrist parties?
a. Centrists are generally Democrats and noncentrists are frequently Republicans.
b. Both represent the same slice of the electorate, so there is really no difference.
c. In terms of political opinion, centrists represent the center and noncentrists
represent ideas that are not at the center.
d. Noncentrist parties have a better chance of winning in the United States than
centrist parties.
TB_Q15.4.26
Proportional representation
a. is a feature of preindustrial societies.
b. places lobbyists in the legislature.
c. gives 100% of the seats in a legislature to the party winning a majority of the
popular vote.
d. divides seats in a legislature according to the proportion of votes received by
each political party.
TB_Q15.4.27
A _____ is a government in which a country’s largest party does not have enough
votes to rule, and so aligns itself with one or more smaller parties to rule.
a. coalition government
b. third party
c. PAC
d. democracy
TB_Q15.4.28
In the last seven presidential elections in the United States, which age group voted
the most, six out of the seven times?
a. 18–20
b. 25–34
c. 35–44
d. 65 and older
TB_Q15.4.29
In the largest wave of immigration to the United States, immigrants accounted for
_____ of the population. Today, in the second largest wave, immigrants account
for _____ of the population.
a. 1%; 6%
b. 9%; 12%
c. 15%; 12%
d. 31%; 44%
TB_Q15.4.30
In the last seven U.S. presidential elections, a majority of _____ have consistently
voted for the Democratic candidate.
a. men
b. women
c. neither men nor women
d. both men and women
TB_Q15.4.31
A _____ is a person who influences legislation on behalf of his or her clients.
a. special-interest group
b. PAC
c. third-party supporter
d. lobbyist
TB_Q15.4.32
AARP, the American Cancer Society, and the League of Women Voters are
examples of
a. lobbyists.
b. PACs.
c. special-interest groups.
d. third parties.
TB_Q15.4.33
In its 2010 ruling on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the U.S.
Supreme Court
a. opened the floodgate to corporate contributions of money to political
candidates.
b. outlawed political contributions.
c. recognized that corporations are not people.
d. ruled that the First Amendment limits the amount of money that corporations
can contribute to politicians.
TB_Q15.5.34
The functionalist perspective on who should rule in society favors
a. individualism.
b. anarchy.
c. pluralism.
d. royalty.
TB_Q15.5.35
_____ is (are) a condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the
absence or collapse of governmental authority.
a. Pluralism
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b. Anarchy
c. Checks and balances
d. Functionalism
TB_Q15.5.36
In _____, the diffusion of power among many different interest groups prevents
any one group from gaining control of the government.
a. the conflict perspective
b. the power pyramid of C. Wright Mills
c. pluralism
d. anarchy
TB_Q15.5.37
The intention of _____ is to prevent any single branch of the U.S. government
from dominating the government.
a. the conflict perspective
b. pluralism
c. checks and balances
d. anarchy
TB_Q15.5.38
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Conflict theorists take the position that _____ dominate(s) the United States.
a. lobbyists
b. functionalists
c. anarchy
d. a ruling class
TB_Q15.5.39
C. Wright Mills used the term _____ to refer to the top people in U.S.
corporations, the military, and politics who make the country’s main decisions.
a. pluralism
b. power elite
c. autocracy
d. masses
TB_Q15.6.40
Complete this well-known quotation from Carl von Clausewitz (1918): “War is
a. hell.”
b. a thing abhorred since the beginning of time.”
c. merely a continuation of politics by other means.”
d. what happens when all religious approaches have failed.”
TB_Q15.6.41
_____ is armed conflict between nations or politically distinct groups.
a. Terrorism
b. War
c. Unrest
d. Civil disobedience
TB_Q15.6.42
War is _____ among societies.
a. universal
b. a modern invention
c. not universal
d. relatively uncommon
TB_Q15.6.43
According to Timasheff (1965), one of the three necessary conditions for a war to
take place is
a. aggressive impulses.
b. a weaker nation’s desire to dominate a stronger one.
c. an antagonistic situation.
d. a slight to the nation’s honor.
TB_Q15.6.44
Timasheff (1965) identified seven “fuels” that make war likely, including
a. shared religious beliefs with the enemy.
b. a cultural tradition of war.
c. revenge.
d. an antagonistic situation.
TB_Q15.6.45
In 2014 dollars, which of the following wars cost the most?
a. The American Revolution
b. The Civil War
c. World War II
d. The Iraq War
TB_Q15.6.46
A product of war is _____, which leads us to reduce people to objects that do not
deserve the treatment accorded to human beings.
a. terrorism
b. drones
c. dehumanization
d. arms sales
TB_Q15.6.47
The intent of terrorism is to produce _____ in order to obtain _____.
a. fear; political objectives
b. chaos; order
c. fear; reconciliation
d. alarm; attention
TB_Q15.6.48
When it comes to deploying drones, the president is
a. uninvolved.
b. following American historical examples.
c. judge, jury, and executioner.
d. against the concept.
TB_Q15.6.49
Number one among the top 10 world arms sellers is
a. the United States.
b. China.
c. Russia.
d. France.
TB_Q15.7.50
Despite disunity and bloodshed, a sign of an effort at unity among nations is the
a. relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
b. United Nations.
c. new Cold War.
d. decline of China.
Essay Questions
TB_Q15.2.51: How can violence possibly be legitimate?
TB_Q15.3.52: Was the United States the first democracy? Or had other countries
or peoples taken the same path?
((Henslin 12e Test Bank)) ((11—18))
TB_Q15.4.53: What are the two key distinctions between U.S. and European
democracies?
TB_Q15.4.54: How does social integration relate to the proportion of people
likely to vote?
TB_Q15.5.55: What are the levels of the power pyramid proposed by C. Wright
Mills? Who makes up the different levels?
((Henslin 12e Test Bank)) ((11—19))
TB_Q14.1.1
A system of producing and distributing goods and services is known as a(n)
a. subsistence economy.
b. market.
c. economy.
d. hunting and gathering society.
TB_Q14.1.2
Hunting and gathering societies had a(n) _____ economy, living off the land and
with little or no surplus.
a. subsistence
b. modern
c. pastoral
d. industrial
TB_Q14.1.3
For the first time, it was no longer necessary for everyone to work at producing
food in