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TB_10_57_Social Status_LO 10.11_APA LO 1.1
Around what age do children begin to regard relational aggression as a more mature form of social manipulation
than physical aggression?
A) Seven years old
B) Nine or ten years old
C) Eleven or twelve years old
D) Fourteen years old
TB_10_58_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
As of 2011, what is the child poverty rate?
A) 38%
B) 19%
C) 22%
D) 14%
TB_10_59_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
How has the number of children living in poverty changed from 1980 to now?
A) It has declined significantly.
B) It has remained approximately the same.
C) It is impossible to know because of the number of homeless families in the U.S.
D) It has increased significantly.
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TB_10_60_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
The United States government defines poverty as which of the following income levels for a family with at least one
child?
A) $10,448
B) $15,825
C) $18,440
D) $41,840
TB_10_61_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a descriptive characteristic of American children who are most likely to live in poverty?
A) Older than six years old
B) Parents over the age of 40
C) Reared in single-mother families
D) Caucasian ethnicity
TB_10_62_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Your text suggests a reason why parents living in poverty are more likely to be stricter and place more emphasis on
obedience. What is that reason?
A) They are more likely to have many children, requiring discipline to minimize a chaotic household environment.
B) Lack of education causes parents to overreact and overemphasize control.
C) They place greater emphasis on punishment.
D) It is a logical response to the neighborhoods they are likely to be living in.
TB_10_63_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements explains the typical ways poverty impacts children?
A) Children living in poverty have greater prenatal care but still have worse outcomes.
B) Children living in poverty have inadequate housing.
C) Families in poverty tend to have less frequent changes of residency and schools.
D) Children raised in poverty exhibit more behavior problems in school.
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TB_10_64_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Many children who grow up in neighborhoods with street violence, gang activity, and overcrowded homes suffer
from which of the following?
A) PTSD
B) Panic Disorder
C) OCD
D) LED
TB_10_65_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following would most likely be a resilient child?
A) The child who lives in an impoverished neighborhood and is unable to go to school.
B) The child who lives in a neglectful environment but shows few adverse effects because she has the support of her
teachers and extended family.
C) The child who has a good home environment but is bullied at school.
D) The child who grows up in an urban environment with a lot of gang activity and whose parents are alcoholic.
TB_10_66_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the developmentalist term for children who develop problems as a result of living in
poverty?
A) Authoritarian children
B) Posttraumatic children
C) Vulnerable children
D) Resilient children
TB_10_67_Poverty_LO 10.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is one of the factors listed in your text that can help protect a child from the effects of a
stressful environment?
A) Average IQ
B) Passive parenting
C) Intellectually stimulating toys and activities in the home
D) Authoritarian parenting
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TB_10_68_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of television on children?
A) The best advice is to have no television at all.
B) Television advertisements are ineffective and cannot influence things such as a child’s food preferences.
C) Programs that depict violence and aggression do not correlate with increased aggressive behavior in children.
D) Quality educational programming can have a positive effect, but children are not necessarily interested in
watching it.
TB_10_69_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Which researcher(s) conducted the “Bobo doll” studies to evaluate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on
children?
A) Howard Gardner
B) Albert Bandura
C) Calvert and Kotler
D) Cheryl Livingstone
TB_10_70_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
According to 2010 statistics, approximately what percentage of school-aged children in the United States has access
to the internet?
A) 55%
B) 70%
C) 85%
D) 100%
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TB_10_71_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding children and internet access?
A) White children spend more time online per day than African American and Hispanic American children.
B) School-age girls and boys have nearly identical rates of computer and internet use.
C) School-age boys spend much more time on the internet than girls.
D) Hispanic American children have the highest rates of internet access.
TB_10_72_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Younger children spend the most time on computers doing which of the following activities?
A) Playing games
B) Surfing the internet
C) Social networking with friends
D) Doing homework
TB_10_73_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Cindy enjoys playing violent video games. Which of the following might you predict about Cindy’s behavior in
general?
A) Since Cindy is a girl, she is likely to be unaffected by her preference for violent video games.
B) Cindy is likely to sublimate her aggressive tendencies through the playing of video games.
C) Cindy is likely to be different from other girls in terms of physical aggression and preference for violent
television programming.
D) Cindy’s overall behavior will be more like that of the stereotypical boy of her age.
TB_10_74_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
How do the rates of computer and internet use compare for boys and girls?
A) The rate for boys is higher than the rate for girls.
B) The rate for girls is higher than the rate for boys.
C) The rates are nearly identical.
D) At first, the rate for boys is higher, but as children reach adolescence the rate for girls becomes higher.
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TB_10_75_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Children in the 11- to 14-year-old age group spend the most time on computers doing which of the following
activities?
A) Playing games
B) Listening to music
C) Social networking with friends
D) Doing homework
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_10_76_Theories of Social and Personality Development_LO 10.1_APA LO 1.2
Self-perceived ________ is the overarching theme of social and personality development in middle childhood.
TB_10_77_Psychoanalytic Perspectives_LO 10.1_APA LO 1.2
Middle childhood is the time to resolve the crisis of ________ vs. ________ according to Erikson.
TB_10_78_The Trait and Social-Cognitive Perspectives_LO 10.2_APA LO 1.2
A ________ is a stable pattern of responding to situations.
TB_10_79_The Trait and Social-Cognitive Perspectives_LO 10.2_APA LO 1.2
In Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, each component is influenced by the other two. The term for this is ________.
TB_10_80_The Psychological Self_LO 10.3_APA LO 1.1
During middle childhood, a new component of the self is added to the categorical, social, and emotional selves. This
new component includes things like personality traits and is called the ________.
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TB_10_81_The Psychological Self_LO 10.3_APA LO 1.1
Juliya draws conclusions about herself based on her observations of other girls in her class. According to Bandura
Juliya is engaging in ________.
TB_10_82_The Valued Self_LO 10.4_APA LO 1.1
Children’s global self-evaluation, which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they
are, is termed ________.
TB_10_83_The Valued Self_LO 10.4_APA LO 1.1
In a(n) ________ culture, parents help children develop a sense of self-esteem based on the child’s own interests.
TB_10_84_The Child as Psychologist_LO 10.5_APA LO 1.1
Michael said, “My friend is very smart and he is more helpful than I am.” Tammy said, “My friend has a fast bike.”
Michael is most likely ________ than Tammy.
TB_10_85_The Child as Psychologist_LO 10.5_APA LO 1.1
Tony refers to his friend, Matt, as stubborn. Tony’s description is based on a ________.
290
TB_10_86_Moral Reasoning_LO 10.6_APA LO 1.1
According to Piaget’s ideas about children’s moral development, a child who knows that the players of a game can
change the rules as long as all the children agree to play by the new rules is demonstrating moral ________.
TB_10_87_Relationships with Parents_LO 10.7_APA LO 1.1
During the middle-childhood years, disciplinary interactions with parents typically decrease because a child is more
capable of ________.
TB_10_88_Research Report_LO 10.7_APA LO 1.1
“Watering down” of parents’ resources as they have more children is also referred to as ________.
TB_10_89_Friendships_LO 10.8_APA LO 1.1
During the later years of middle childhood, the key element of children’s friendships becomes ________.
TB_10_90_Social Status_LO 10.11_APA LO 1.1
According to researchers, aggressive and withdrawn are two types of ________ children.
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Short Answer Questions
TB_10_91_Psychoanalytic Perspectives _LO 10.1_APA LO 1.2
According to Erikson, how does a child achieve a sense of industry?
TB_10_92_The Trait and Social-Cognitive Perspectives_LO 10.2_APA LO 1.2
If you ask a child to answer the question “Who am I?” what differences will you see between a 9-year-old and an
11-year-old?
TB_10_93_The Valued Self_LO 10.4_APA LO 1.1
What is the main difference in self-esteem between girls and boys?
TB_10_94_The Child as Psychologist_LO 10.5_APA LO 1.1
How does the understanding of the physical world develop between the ages of six and twelve?
TB_10_95_The Child as Psychologist_LO 10.5_APA LO 1.1
What is meant by the term behavioral comparison?
292
TB_10_96_Moral Reasoning_LO 10.6_APA LO 1.1
What is the difference between moral realism and moral relativism in Piaget’s theory?
TB_10_97_Research Report_LO 10.7_APA LO 1.1
Why might children with siblings be more likely to suffer academically than only children?
TB_10_98_Research Report_LO 10.7_APA LO 1.1
What is the one consistent finding across research looking at birth order and its effects on children?
TB_10_99_Friendships_LO 10.8_APA LO 1.1
If you ask a preschooler how people make friends, what are they likely to say? What will a ten-year-old say?
TB_10_100_Gender Self-Segregation_LO 10.9_APA LO 1.1
What are the basic differences that characterize the interaction between pairs of boys who are friends and pairs of
girls who are friends?
293
TB_10_101_Patterns of Aggression_LO 10.10_APA LO 1.1
Maria took an apple from William’s lunch box without his permission. Later that day, William put a spider in
Maria’s lunch box. This is an example of what type of behavior?
TB_10_102_Patterns of Aggression_LO 10.10_APA LO 1.1
What diagnosis is given to children who exhibit severe bullying as well as other anti-social behaviors, such as
destruction of property or theft?
TB_10_103_Social Status_LO 10.11_APA LO 1.1
What factors seem to be most important in determining a child’s social status?
TB_10_104_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, what is one major contributor to children’s food preferences?
TB_10_105_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Even though television programs such as Bill Nye the Science Guy provide valuable educational material, what’s the
practical drawback to such programs?
294
Essay Questions
TB_10_106_The Trait and Social-Cognitive Perspectives_LO 10.2_APA LO 1.2
What are Albert Bandura’s criticisms of psychoanalytic and trait theories? In his theory, how does he “compensate”
for these shortcomings?
TB_10_107_The Valued Self_LO 10.4_APA LO 1.1
Define self-esteem. Identify and describe two primary influences on self-esteem.
TB_10_108_The Child as Psychologist_LO 10.5_APA LO 1.1
What happens to the way in which children describe others at around the age of seven or eight years?
TB_10_109_Moral Reasoning_LO 10.6_APA LO 1.1
Give at least four examples of how adults can foster healthy moral reasoning in children.
295
TB_10_110_Research Report_LO 10.7_APA LO 1.1
Micah comes from a middle class family. Both parents work and he has two brothers and one sister. His friend
Sheila is an only child and her father is the CEO of a large company. Sheila’s mother can afford to stay at home.
Describe some of the differences in terms of academic achievement, social skills, and self-esteem that you might
expect to see between Sheila and Micah.
TB_10_111_No Easy Answers_LO 10.10_APA LO 1.1
Explain some of the current trends in research regarding how to address bullying in schools. Using critical thinking,
express your opinion of this current trend.
TB_10_112_Social Status_LO 10.11_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the behavioral differences between withdrawn/rejected children and aggressive/rejected children.
TB_10_113_Media Influences_LO 10.13_APA LO 1.1
Assume that you are the parent of a child between the ages of 8 and 11. Based on the reading and research presented
in the text, what kinds of rules, if any, would you set around TV watching and internet usage for your child?
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