Chapter 10: Sense Organs
Colville: Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Sense organs contain modified nerve endings called __ that act as sensory receptors.
a.
axons
b.
dendrites
c.
neurotransmitters
d.
perikaryons
2. Homeostasis, the balance of nutrients and fluids in the body, depends on __ sensations.
a.
gustatory
b.
pain
c.
tactile
d.
visceral
3. When stretched, most hollow organs elicit
a.
heat.
b.
pain.
c.
proprioception.
d.
sound.
4. Touch is also known as the __ sense.
a.
nociception
b.
proprioception
c.
tactile
d.
thermal
5. Central temperature receptors are located in the __ of the CNS.
a.
brainstem
b.
hypothalamus
c.
pituitary gland
d.
thyroid gland
6. The core temperature of a cow is taken
a.
in the axillary region.
b.
in the inguinal region.
c.
in the mouth.
d.
in the rectum.
7. The normal upper end of the temperature reference range of a goat is 103.5° F. What would be
the maximum body temperature compatible with life for this goat?
a.
108.5° F
b.
113.5° F
c.
118.5° F
d.
123.5° F
8. Which one of the following senses is a special sense?
a.
pain
b.
smell
c.
temperature
d.
touch
9. The pain-experiencing sense is also known as the __ sense.
a.
gustatory
b.
nociception
c.
proprioception
d.
tactile
10. The only place in an animal’s body where there are no pain receptors is (are) the
a.
brain.
b.
eyeballs.
c.
heart.
d.
lungs.
11. Modulation of sensory nerve impulses occurs in the
a.
brain.
b.
pain receptor.
c.
sensory nerve.
d.
spinal cord.
12. The conversion of a painful stimulus to a nerve impulse occurs in the
a.
brain.
b.
dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
c.
sensory nerve ending.
d.
ventral horn of the spinal cord.
13. Conscious perception of pain takes place in the
a.
brainstem.
b.
cerebellar cortex.
c.
cerebral cortex.
d.
medulla oblongata.
14. Which of the four processes that contribute to pain can be influenced through treatment with
drugs?
a.
modulation
b.
perception
c.
transduction
d.
transmission
15. During a physical examination the veterinarian curls a dog’s foot under so it is upside down.
The dog immediately brings the foot back to the normal standing position. What sense did the
dog use to do this?
a.
nociception
b.
proprioception
c.
tactile sensation
d.
visceral sensation
16. Wind-up, if it occurs, is seen in animals
a.
after an analgesic is administered.
b.
after recovery from general anesthesia.
c.
during administration of general anesthesia.
d.
during an extended surgical procedure.
17. The sensory organs and structures associated with the special senses are all located in the
a.
brain.
b.
head.
c.
neck.
d.
spinal cord.
18. The gustatory sense is dependent on __ stimulation.
a.
chemical
b.
electromagnetic
c.
mechanical
d.
thermal
19. Olfactory sensors are found in the
a.
cerebellum.
b.
cerebrum.
c.
nasal passages.
d.
pharynx.
20. The hearing sensory receptors are found in the
a.
eardrum.
b.
external ear.
c.
inner ear.
d.
middle ear.
21. Which bone(s) of the skull house(s) most of the middle and inner ear structures?
a.
frontal bone
b.
maxillary bone
c.
occipital bone
d.
temporal bones
22. An upper respiratory tract infection will primarily affect the
a.
auditory sense.
b.
gustatory sense.
c.
nociception sense.
d.
olfactory sense.
23. The part of the ear that is visible on the outside of the animal is the
a.
pilule.
b.
pilus.
c.
Pincus.
d.
pinna.
24. Another name for the eardrum is the
a.
basilar membrane.
b.
nictitating membrane.
c.
tectorial membrane.
d.
tympanic membrane.
25. The eardrum is made up of
a.
adipose tissue.
b.
connective tissue.
c.
epithelial tissue.
d.
muscle tissue.
26. The ossicles of the ear link the
a.
eustachian tube with the pharynx.
b.
organ of Corti with the vestibule.
c.
tympanic membrane with the cochlea.
d.
utricle with the saccule.
27. The most medial of the ossicles is the
a.
cochlea.
b.
incus.
c.
malleus.
d.
stapes.
28. The function of the ossicles is to
a.
decrease amplitude of sound wave vibrations and increase their force.
b.
decrease both the amplitude and force of sound wave vibrations.
c.
increase amplitude of sound wave vibrations and decrease their force.
d.
increase both the amplitude and force of sound wave vibrations.
29. The function of the eustachian tube is to
a.
equalize air pressure between the inner ear and the outside environment.
b.
equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the inner ear.
c.
equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment.
d.
equalize air pressure between the outer ear and the pharynx.
30. What three structures make up the ear flap?
a.
blood vessels, epithelial tissue, skeletal muscle
b.
elastic cartilage, blood vessels, epithelial tissue
c.
epithelial tissue, blood vessels, bone
d.
fibrous cartilage, blood vessels, bone
31. An ear hematoma associated with otitis externa is most often found
a.
in the external auditory canal.
b.
in the middle ear.
c.
on the eardrum.
d.
on the underside of the pinna.
32. The receptor organ of hearing is the
a.
macula.
b.
organ of Corti.
c.
semicircular canal.
d.
vestibule.
33. Endolymph is found in the
a.
entire ear.
b.
inner ear.
c.
middle ear.
d.
outer ear.
34. Animals hear different frequencies of sound as a result of
a.
different areas of the organ of Corti being stimulated.
b.
different areas of the vestibule being stimulated.
c.
more hairs in the organ of Corti being stimulated.
d.
more hairs in the vestibule being stimulated.
35. Equilibrium is maintained through stimulation of sensory receptors in the
a.
cochlea and otoliths.
b.
semicircular canals and cochlea.
c.
vestibule and cochlea.
d.
vestibule and semicircular canals.
36. The utricle and saccule are filled with
a.
air.
b.
endolymph.
c.
perilymph.
d.
plasma.
37. The patch of sensory epithelium that generates nerve impulses that inform the brain about the
position of the head is called the
a.
ampulla.
b.
cupula.
c.
macula.
d.
otolith.
38. When the hairs of the __ are bent, a nerve impulse is generated that gives the brain
information about rotary motion of the head.
a.
cupula
b.
macula
c.
saccule
d.
utricle
39. The vestibule is primarily responsible for sensing
a.
high-pitched sounds.
b.
low-pitched sounds.
c.
position of the head.
d.
rotary motion of the head.
40. Otoliths are found in the
a.
eustachian tube.
b.
middle ear.
c.
semicircular canals.
d.
vestibule.
41. The sensory hairs that generate nerve impulses that give the brain information about the
position and movement of the head are actually
a.
modified axons.
b.
modified dendrites.
c.
modified oligodendroglia.
d.
modified perikaryons.
42. The “white” of the eye is the
a.
choroid.
b.
cornea.
c.
sclera.
d.
uvea.
43. All the light that enters the eye enters through the
a.
cornea.
b.
iris.
c.
limbus.
d.
sclera.
44. An animal’s eyes “glow” in the dark when a light is shined on them because of the
a.
ciliary body.
b.
iris.
c.
retina.
d.
tapetum.
45. The species that doesn’t have eyes that “glow” in the dark when a light is shined on them is
a.
caprine.
b.
equine.
c.
ovine.
d.
porcine.
46. The colored part of the eye is the
a.
cornea.
b.
iris.
c.
lens.
d.
retina.
47. The “diaphragm” of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye is the
a.
ciliary body.
b.
cornea.
c.
iris.
d.
sclera.
48. The opening at the center of the “diaphragm” of the eye is the
a.
choroid.
b.
ciliary body.
c.
limbus.
d.
pupil.
49. Near and far vision are accommodated through the muscles of the
a.
choroid.
b.
ciliary body.
c.
fundus.
d.
iris.
50. The sensory receptors for vision are located in the
a.
ciliary body.
b.
cornea.
c.
lens.
d.
retina.
51. The vitreous compartment of the eyeball is located
a.
behind the lens and ciliary body.
b.
behind the lens and in front of the ciliary body.
c.
in front of the lens and behind the ciliary body.
d.
in front of the lens and ciliary body.
52. The anterior chamber of the eyeball is located
a.
behind the iris in the aqueous compartment.
b.
behind the iris in the vitreous compartment.
c.
in front of the iris in the aqueous compartment.
d.
in front of the iris in the vitreous compartment.
53. Where is aqueous humor produced?
a.
anterior chamber of the eyeball
b.
canal of Schlemm
c.
fovea centralis
d.
posterior chamber of the eyeball
54. The most common cause of glaucoma is
a.
insufficient drainage of aqueous humor.
b.
insufficient drainage of vitreous humor.
c.
overproduction of aqueous humor.
d.
overproduction of vitreous humor.
55. The __ helps focus a clear image on the retina by changing its shape.
a.
cornea
b.
iris
c.
lens
d.
sclera
56. The dividing structure that separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber is the
a.
choroid.
b.
iris.
c.
lens.
d.
limbus.
57. The dividing structure that separates the aqueous chamber from the vitreous chamber is the
a.
iris.
b.
lens.
c.
retina.
d.
suspensory ligament.
58. An animal has an area of inflammation located at the lateral limbus of the left eye. Where is
the inflammation located?
a.
left side of the left eyeball where the sclera meets the cornea
b.
left side of the optic disc in the back of the left eyeball
c.
right side of the fundus of the left eyeball
d.
right side of the left eyeball where the ciliary muscle attaches to the lens
59. The process of changing the shape of the lens to allow close-up and distant vision is called
a.
accommodation.
b.
adaptation.
c.
adjustment.
d.
alteration.
60. When a/an __ develops the lens becomes opaque.
a.
cataract
b.
catarrh
c.
ocular myopathy
d.
ocular vesicle
61. The blind spot of the eye is the
a.
canthus.
b.
fundus.
c.
limbus.
d.
optic disc.
62. Which photoreceptors are the most sensitive to light?
a.
cones
b.
fovea centralis
c.
optic discs
d.
rods
63. Which part of the eyeball refracts light rays entering the eye the most?
a.
aqueous humor
b.
cornea
c.
lens
d.
vitreous humor
64. Where is the nictitating membrane located?
a.
in the cochlea at the end of the cochlear duct
b.
in the external auditory canal between the outer ear and the middle ear
c.
laterally between the eyeball and the eyelid
d.
medially between the eyeball and the eyelid
65. Which sensation is a general sensation?
a.
hearing
b.
pain
c.
smell
d.
taste
66. Which sense depends on mechanical stimulation?
a.
hearing
b.
smell
c.
taste
d.
vision
67. Where the upper and lower eyelids meet near the bridge of an animal’s nose is the
a.
lacrimal gland.
b.
lateral canthus.
c.
medial canthus.
d.
tarsal gland.
68. Tears are produced by the
a.
hypothalamus gland.
b.
lacrimal gland.
c.
meibomian gland.
d.
pituitary gland.
69. The third eyelid is composed of
a.
cartilage and conjunctiva.
b.
conjunctiva and skin.
c.
muscle and cartilage.
d.
skin and muscle.
70. Excess tears are initially drained from the surface of the eyes by the
a.
canal of Schlemm.
b.
lacrimal puncta.
c.
lacrimal sacs.
d.
nasolacrimal ducts.
71. The thin, transparent membrane that lines the eyelids is the
a.
basilar membrane.
b.
bulbar conjunctiva.
c.
nictitating membrane.
d.
palpebral conjunctiva.
72. The six extraocular muscles that attach to the sclera are
a.
multiunit smooth muscles.
b.
rectus muscles.
c.
skeletal muscles.
d.
visceral smooth muscles.