CHAPTER TEN
QUESTIONS
1. Throughout history, confessions have been pivotal in three arenas, these are
a. religion, psychotherapy, and civil law
b. religion, psychotherapy, and criminal law
c. theology, medicine, and social work
d. theology, sociology, and criminology
2. In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that unless the accused must be
advised by the police of his constitutional rights to remain silent and to obtain
_______________
a. contrition
b. psychotherapy
c. due process
d. counsel
3. In general, _____ % of confessions are later recanted
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 50
4. An individual makes self-incriminating statements that are purposeful and in the absence of
pressure by the police. This is an example of
a. a voluntary false confession
b. a coerced-compliant false confession
c. a coerced-internalized false confession
d. none of the above
5. A suspect confesses, despite the knowledge of his innocence, due to extreme methods of
police interrogation. This is an example of
a. a coerced-internalized false confession
b. a voluntary false confession
c. a coerced-compliant false confession
d. a coerced-torture false confession
6. An innocent suspect comes to believe that he is in fact guilty, and confesses. This is an
example of
a. a coerced-internalized false confession
b. a coerced-compliant false confession
c. a post-interrogation confession
d. a coerced-torture confession
7. A high level of “interrogative suggestibility” is likely due to all of the following except
a. anxiety
b. poor self-esteem
c. religiosity
d. prolonged social isolation
8. The case of “Delbert Ward” was one of over-suggestibility due to
a. schizophrenia
b. infancy
c. low intelligence
d. severe climate
9. When an interrogator says to a suspect charged with rape that “she was dressed really sexy,
it’s no wonder you acted the way you did,” he is likely using
a. minimization
b. maximization
c. externalization
d. splitting
10. When an interrogator says to a suspect charged with petty theft that “this is a very serious
offense, you can be in prison for a long time for this,” he is likely using
a. minimization
b. maximization
c. internalization
d. splitting
11. In 1966, the Supreme Court’s “voluntariness standard” for evaluating confessions in
criminal trials, was changed to a _______________ standard with its 1966 decision in
Miranda v. Arizona
a. self-incrimination
b. totality of the circumstances
c. admissibility
d. coercion
12. The Supreme Court has created an exception to the Miranda requirements which covers
emergency situations where a police officer’s safety may be in question. This is known as
a
a. police exception
b. safe entry exception
c. public safety exception
d. exigent circumstances exception
13. All of the following tend to make a suspect more prone to make a false confession, except
a. lengthy interrogations
b. deception in interrogations
c. non-neutral wording of questions
d. offering Miranda rights
14. Which of the following has been shown by the research to decrease the number of false
confessions and increase the reliability of confessions as evidence?
a. having a suspect’s lawyer present during interrogations
b. allowing for food and drink during interrogations
c. electronic recording of interrogations
d. taking frequent breaks during interrogations
15. Which of the following tends to decrease the likelihood of a coerced or false confession?
a. an investigator assuming a disinterested role rather than an adversarial one
b. an investigator keeping a suspect isolated from other people
c. an investigator exposing a suspect to loud noises or bright lights
d. an investigator making false or deceptive promises
16. In the New York 1989 Central Park Jogger case, the convictions of the defendants were
vacated because
a. witnesses supplied inaccurate information
b. the victim’s eyewitness report was tainted
c. the defendants’ confessions were false
d. the police planted incriminating evidence
17. DNA material can usually be found in
a. gunpowder residue
b. vehicular skid marks
c. bomb fragments
d. blood, hair, skin, saliva, and semen
18. Reliable estimates, such as those from the Innocence Project, suggest that at least _____ of
innocent defendants (especially in homicide cases) who confess to the crimes, would be
exonerated by DNA evidence
a. 25%
b. 30%
c. 35%
d. 40%
19. The purpose of confession in religion is usually to
a. achieve catharsis
b. cleanse the individual’s soul and deter further wrongdoing
c. purge the mind of buried unconscious material
d. help people understand the events associated with emotional expression
20. The purpose of confession in psychotherapy is usually to
a. achieve catharsis
b. cleanse the individual’s soul and deter further wrongdoing
c. purge the mind of buried unconscious material
d. a & c
21. In Brown v. Mississippi (1936) it was established that
a. a coerced confession violates a defendant’s due process rights under the Fourteenth
Amendment
b. a recanted confession violates a defendant’s due process rights under the Fourteenth
Amendment
c. a voluntary false confession violates a defendant’s due process rights under the
Fourteenth Amendment.
d. a confession made on foreign soil violates a defendant’s due process rights under the
Fourteenth Amendment.
Chapter 10 ANSWERS